Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Asian citrus...
Transcript of Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Asian citrus...
Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, in the field
Alejandro Arevalo1, Jawwad Qureshi1, Drion Boucias2 & Philip A. Stansly1
University of Florida 1SWFREC, Immokalee, FL
2 Entomology and Nematology Gainesville
Natural enemies of D. citri
Entomopathogenic fungi and ACP
• Cladosporium oxysporum (Samways & Grech1986)
• Verticillium lecanii (Xie et al. 1988)• Cephalosporium lecanii (Xie et al. 1989)• Hirsutella citriformis (Subandiyah et al. 2000)
– In Florida (Meyer et al. 2007)
• Isaria fumosorosea-(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) (Subandiyah et al. 2000)– In Florida (Meyer et al. 2007)
2008 Entomopathogenic fungi test
Treatment a.i ConcentrationLab experiment
DoseField experiment
Untreated Control - - -
Futureco NoFly WPFE 9901 Natural Industries, Inc.
Isariafumosorosea
1.5 x 107 spores/ml 3.89 Kg / ha
NZBPC2102Novozymes Biologicals
Metarhiziumanisopliae
1.6 x 107 spores/ml 2.11 L / ha
Delegate Spinetoram - 0.42 Kg / ha
2008 Laboratory Trial
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NoFly WP NZBPC 2102 Control
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• 4 Replicates x 10 ACP
• Spray tower @ 10 psi
• 0.45 ml / Petri dish
• Mortality at 5 days
• Confirmed infection
Oil Compatibility • 3 Treatments x 4 Replicates
• 435 Oil @ 5%
• CitruFilm (Helena Chemicals) @ 5%
• Water
Fungus Treatment Spore Germination
Hyphalformation
Isariafumosorosea
435 Oil 12 h 48 h
CitruFilm - -
Water 4 h 24 h
Metarhiziumanisopliae
435 Oil 12 h 48 h
CitruFilm - -
Water 2 h 24 h
2008 Field trial – Methods
• RCBD with 4 replicates •14 Murraya paniculata (0.9 m high)•4 plant buffer • Applications on Oct 7, 2008
•@ sunset • Used a high clearance sprayer
•55.2 GPA •200 PSI
• Sample of solution was collected during the spray for viability
• Tap sample
•10 plants per plot
• Live and dead adults were collected for signs of mycosis
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2008 Field trial – affect on ACP
• Application on Oct 7, RH: 80%, Temp: 85 F,
• No measurable rain 3 DAT , 1.5 inches two previous days
F = 13.08P = 0.0012
2008 Field trial- fungal infection
Hirsutella citriformis
Field trial with PFR-97 20% WDG*
* Isaria fumosorosea 97 . ™ Certis, Wasco, CA
• RCBD 4 replicates, 11 m 2 plots
• Treated a combination of •M. paniculata and Volkameriana lemon
• 4 Treatments • PFR- 97 WDG @ 28 oz/100GPA
+ 5% 435 Oil • PFR – 97 WDG @ 28 oz/100GPA • 5% 435 Oil• Untreated control
• Application repeated every 15 days
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Field trial for PFR-97 20% WDG*
All applications were conducted at sundown No entomopathogens were isolated from adults or nymphs
F= 2.41; P=0.13
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Control435 Oil 5%PFRPFR + Oil
Field trial for PFR-97 20% WDG*
F = 1.45 P = 0.2911
All applications were conducted at sundown
Conclusions
• Isaria fumosorosea-has shown potential for ACP control in the laboratory,
Unfortunately, not in the field.
• 5% - 435 Oil delays but it does not reduce germination and hyphal
formation of I. fumosorosea or M. anisopliae.
• CitruFilm does not allow germination of these fungi.
• None of the commercial entomopathogens tested had an effect on ACP
populations.
• Isaria fumosorosea was never recovered from treated plots.
• Applications of tested entomopathogens do not affect parasitoidsm.