Effects of Teratogen to a Pregnant and Neote
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Transcript of Effects of Teratogen to a Pregnant and Neote
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EFFECTS OF TERATOGEN TO A PREGNANT AND
NEOTE
An under Graduate Thesis
Presented to the faculty of
College of Engineering and Technology
In partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the course of
Institutional Health Care Services
Larda, Edgar C. Jr.
Fagutao, Jewel Hope
Catuira, Cyndy B.
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ABSTRACT
TITLE: Effects of Teratogens to a Pregnant and Neonate
AUTHORS: Larda, Edgar C. Jr.
Fagutao, Jewel Hope
Catuira, Cyndy B.
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ACKNOWELDEMENT
We would like to Acknowledge and extend our heart full of gratitude tothe following thet have made the completion of this study possible:
Mr. Alvin U. Dumduma R.n. R.m. for allowing that us to use his free
time in doing our research and survey.
Ms. Mary Ann D. Montero the IHCS instructor wo guide us the basic
ways in writing this thesis .
Mr. Roger Bilag for giving us a proper of thesis
Mr. And Mrs. Larda, Mr. And Mrs. Fagutao and Mr. and Mrs. Catuira for
their unconditional love and support and expanded understanding
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February 2013
Approval Sheet
This thesis entitled Effects of Teratogen to a pregnant and Neonate
Prepared and submitted by Edgar C. Larda, Jewel Hope Fagutao and
Cyndy B. Catuira in partial fulfillment of requirements for the course of
institutional health care services is here by recommended for approval.
March 4, 2013 Mr. Roger Bilag
Date English Professor
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DEDICATION
We dedicate this piece of work to all our loved ones the faculty,professors and friends who have been a great source of motivation and
Inspiration most specially to our creator God for leading us through
trials and fears to success for showing us the light even in times of great
darkness and for giving us strength to come this far. And to all the
people who gave their concerns to our study.
Jewel Hope Fagutao
Cyndy Catuira
Edgar Larda Jr.
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INTRODUCTION
Several factors influence the amount of damage a teratogen can cause.
The strength of teratogen is one factor. For example, radiation is known
as teratogen. In small amount (everyone is exposed to some radiation
everyday such as sunrays) it cannot cause any damage, however, in
large doses (e.g. the amount of radiation is necessary to treat cancer of
the cervix), serious fetal defects or death can occur.
The timing of the teratogenic insult is another factor that make
significance difference. If the teratogen is introduced before
inflammation either the zygote is destroyed or it appears unaffected. If
the insult occurs when the main body system are being formed ( in the
2nd
to 8th
of the embryonic life) a fetus is very vulnerable to injury.
During the last trimester the potential for harm again , decreasing
because all the organs of the fetus are formed and are merely
maturing. The times when different anatomic areas of the fetus arelikely to be affected by teratogens two exceptions to the rule that
deformities usually occurs in early embryonic like are the effects cause
be the organism of sup hills and toxoplasmosis. These two infection and
can cause abnormalities in organs that were originally formed normally.
A third factor determining the effects of teratogens affinity for specifictissue. Lead, for in stani, attacks and disables nervous tissue.
Thalidomide cause limb defects tetracauline cause tooth enamel
deficiencies and possible long bone deformities. The rubella virus
normally attacks the ears, heart and brain.
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Background of the study
Teratogen are that produce neurological and physical malformations in
developing human fetuses. The word comes from the greek teras,
meaning malformation or monstrosity. Certainly, ever since the first
malformed baby was born, people have wondered that causes birth
defects. Most early explanations reffered to mystical forces . the
influence of celestial bodies, Devine intervention, even conception
during the womans menstrual period. The theory of maternal
impression was widely accepted from the seventeenth to the twentieth
century. According to this concept, a specific , strong impression on the
mother during pregnancy would produce a corresponding specific birth
defect in her child for instance a mother who was started by a have
might give birth to a child with a harelip.
During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, a
number of researchers showed that exposure of animals such as
chickens and fish to certain physical and chemical substances would
produce birth defects in their offspring. While a few medical
investigators conducted studies that showed similar effects in
mammals, the scientific community as a whole embraced the concept
that a womans placenta acted as an imperietrable barrier preventing
harmful substances from researching the unborn child. This belief was
shattered the thalidomide tragedy.
Thalidomide, a synthetic developed by chemie crunental, was hailed as
a wondered drug which enduced a sound sleep with no hang over
effect the following morning and no fetal effects in over dose cases. Its
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use spread rapidly cross Canada and Europe after its introduction in
West Germany in 1957, and was considered so safe it was dispressed
over the counter rather than by prescription. In 1959, twelve infants
were born in west Germany with Severe Deformaties a very rarecondition called phecomeha in which the arms and legs developed into
stubs resembling a seds flippers. No link to thalidomide was
considered, even after 83 more cases were reported in 1960. Cases at
such birth defects eventually climbed to 5,000 in Germany And 10,000
worldwide.
in September 1960, the American drug firm William S. Merrell
submitted to the food and drug administration FDA an Anpplication to
mark thalidomide ,respectedly postponing approval while asking Merell
for further information meanwhile cases of phocomelia continued to
amount in Europe. Finally in november 1961, a Hamburg pediatrician
named Widukind Lenz , established that the methers of man of the
infants with severe birth defects at his clinic had taken thalidomide. The
link was confirmed by Dr. William McBride in Australia and by the end
of November , thalidomide was withdrawn from the market.
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Hypothesis
The purpose of this study is to inform our readers about the bad effects
of Teratogens to people. And let them be aware of what they will get if
they will continue using those substances.
Scope and limitations
This study focuses on the effect of teratogen to the respondent who
abuse these making the respondent awre of thse bad effects to their
daily living , family most of all the pregnant woman and their fetus.
Statement of the problem
1.What teratogen that mainly affect pregnant woman?2.At what age of pregnancy most problems occurs ?3.Effects of teratogen among pregnant woman?4.
Age group of pregnant commomly affected by teratogens?
5.Related factors that causes teratogenic agent misuse?6.Level of consciousness of mothers regarding teratogenic effects?