Effects of Industrialization

Vocabulary Term Review

Cottage Industry – a method of producing goods using skilled labor from workers at their homes.

Assembly Line – a method of dividing the work of producing goods into individual tasks that can be done by unskilled workers using machines/tools.

Industrialization – the process of using machines and factories to produce goods.

Growth of Cities

Before the Industrial Revolution most people lived in the country.

People began moving to cities for the new jobs available in factories.

The movement of people to cities is known as urbanization.

Living Conditions

The cities were not prepared for all the people that moved to them.

There were not enough houses, police officers, or sewage systems to accommodate all the people.

Working ConditionsFactory owners

wanted to make lots of money, so they had people work 14+ hours a day, 6 days a week.

Workers had to keep up with the dangerous machines in unsafe conditions.

Class Tensions As more poor people

moved into cities, rich people moved out.

There became a greater divide between the rich and the poor.

A new middle class began to emerge.

The middle class was made up of skilled workers and professionals who had a higher standard of living.

Traditional Upper Class: Wealthy Landowners

New Upper Class: Factory owners, entrepreneurs

Upper Middle Class: Doctors, Lawyers, Government

employeesMiddle Class: Professionals,

businesspeople, farmersLower Middle Class: Factory

overseers, toolmakers, mechanics and other skilled

workers

Lower Class: Factory workers who lived in the

cities, poor tenant farmers

Effects of Industrialization – Size of Cities

Size of cities increased.

Factories and new cities developed near a natural resource.

New industrial cities emerged that specialized in a certain type of industry.

Effects of Industrialization – Living Conditions

No sanitary codes or building control.

Lack of resources for the people.

Frequent sickness spread.

Effects of Industrialization – Working Conditions

Industrialization created many new unskilled labor jobs.

Workers had long hours, dangerous conditions, and little pay.

Many skilled workers in the cottage industry lost their jobs.

Effects of Industrialization – Social Classes

Higher standard of living for the newly emerging middle class.

Greater poverty in the cities.