URBANIZATIONEffects of Industrialization

WHAT IS URBANIZATION?

City building and the movement of people to cities

Some cities (Glasgow and Berlin) tripled and quadrupled

INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGES WAYS OF LIFE

1700s – Britain was primarily a rural country

1851 – More lived in cities than the countryside

Pace of Industrialization quickened in Britain

Factory system – manufacturing goods in a central location Factories developed in clusters. Why? Entrepreneurs built them near sources

of energy

GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES

London – Britain’s capital and Europe’s largest city in 1800 (1 million people) Population exploded in the 1800s

New cities challenged London’s industrial leadership Birmingham and Sheffield became iron-

smelting centers Leeds and Manchester dominated textile

manufacturing

CASE STUDY: MANCHESTER

Formed the center of Britain’s bustling cotton industry

POPULATION GROWTH

1750 1801 1831 18710

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Manchester's Population Growth

PEER DISCUSSION

Using Manchester’s population growth as an example, what could be the advantages and disadvantages of such rapid growth? Provide two examples for the

advantages and two examples for the disadvantages

Describe Manchester in relation to one of the 5 themes of Geography

LIVING CONDITIONS

No sanitary codes or building controls

Lack of adequate housing, education, and police protection

Lack of running water and indoor plumbing

Frequent epidemics sweeping through slums Ex. Cholera

Eventually, better housing, healthier diets, and cheaper clothing

WORKING CONDITIONS

Created new jobs for workers Workers trying to keep pace

with machines Factories dirty and unsanitary Workers running dangerous

machines for long hours Harsh, severe factory

discipline Eventually, higher wages,

shorter hours, and better working conditions

CLASS TENSIONS

Not everyone in the new cities lived miserably

A new class emerged – the middle class A social class of skilled workers,

professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers

Upper class of landowners and aristocrats resentful of rich middle class

Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers

Workers overworked and underpaid

SOCIAL CLASSES

Upper Class Upper Middle Class Lower Middle Class Working Class Do these social classes still

exist today? In what ways?

CURRENT EVENTS: CHINA’S POPULATION PROBLEMS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W3-l1VE2hw

POLITICAL CARTOONS - ASSIGNMENT

You are a cartoonist the a London newspaper during the Industrial Revolution and feel troubled by the different problems that are happening as a result of this “revolution.” Your newspaper editor has asked you to create a political cartoon (cartoons that convey a message in humorous and/or thought-provoking ways) that highlights a condition or problem associated with the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Some problems you may choose to illustrate are: the pollution of the air, the hierarchy of social classes, the dangerous conditions in the factories, and the crowded living conditions.

Remember: Cartoons should combine both drawings and text

POLITICAL CARTOONS