Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed...
description
Transcript of Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed...
![Page 1: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kyrié BacaGraduate Student
School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences
![Page 2: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Obesity & Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
• 1 in 3 Americans are affected by overweight or obesity• CVD is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in US
![Page 3: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Capsicum annum, capsaicin, CVD
Cancer Diabetes - Improved glucose
tolerance Inflammation Enhanced lipid metabolism Oxidative stress Thermogenic effect: EE, wt
Capsaicin
![Page 4: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Overall objective & hypothesis
Objective: To determine if cayenne pepper consumption will reduce the risk factors for CVD in rats fed an atherogenic diet.
Hypothesis: Rats fed an atherogenic diet
supplemented with cayenne pepper will have significantly less weight gain and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity compared with the control.
![Page 5: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Study design
• 2 diets/ 2 treatment groups • Forty male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats
• 40-50 g• 21 days old
• All groups fed atherogenic diet: •33% sugar, 21% fat, 3% cholesterol by wt
• DSS: Dextran sodium sulfate • 31 days
Diets
Treatments
N = 40
![Page 6: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Composition of Experimental Diets
Ingredient (g) Control Cayenne pepperCornstarch 12.30 11.60Sucrose 33.00 32.69Cellulose 5.00 4.00Casein 20.00 19.60Corn oil 5.00 4.61Anhydrous milkfat 16.00 15.90Cholesterol 3.00 3.00Salt mix, AIN-76 3.50 3.50Vitamin mix, AIN-76 1.00 1.00Methionine 0.30 0.30Sodium cholate 0.50 0.50Choline chloride 0.40 0.40Cayenne pepper 0.00 2.90
Total (g) 100.00 100.00
![Page 7: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Methods
![Page 8: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Statistics SPSS software (IBM, Armonk, New York) 2-way ANOVA
Evaluate the effects of diets and treatment on:○ Weight○ Food intake○ Water intake○ Lipid profiles○ Inflammation○ Antioxidant capacity and activity
Data will be Mean + SE Alpha of p < 0.05 considered significant
![Page 9: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results – Weight gainB
ody
Wei
ght (
g)
P = 0.022, diet effect
aa
b b
![Page 10: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Results- Epididymal Fat Mass
Epid
idym
al F
at M
ass
(g)
P = 0.037, diet effecta
a
b b
![Page 11: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Results – Lipid Profile
a a
a a
a a
a a
b b
b b
b b
b b
P = 0.031
P = 0.045 P = 0.031
Lipi
d pr
ofile
s (m
g/dL
)
![Page 12: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Results - Inflammation
CR
P (
g/m
l)
P = 0.036, diet effect
b b
a
a
![Page 13: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Results – Total Antioxidant Capacity
a
a
a
b
P = 0.011, dietP < 0.001, Tx
Tota
l Ant
ioxi
dant
Cap
acity
(mM
)
![Page 14: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SOD (U/ml) Mean SE P-value, Diet
P-value, Tx
Cont- noDSS 23.9381 1.72743 P < 0.001 P = 0.006Contr- DSS 27.4362 1.64022Cayenne-noDSS
38.5422 1.63178
Cayenne- DSS 29.8335 3.00387
CAT (nmol/min/ml)
Mean SE P-value, Diet
P-value Tx
Cont- noDSS 150.9281 14.52919 P = 0.034 NS
Contr- DSS 137.7930 8.48483
Cayenne-noDSS
202.3531 29.86372
Cayenne- DSS 164.9391 19.60278
Res
ults
- Ant
ioxi
dant
Enz
yme
Act
ivity
![Page 15: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Res
ults
- Ant
ioxi
dant
Enz
yme
Act
ivity GST
(nmol/min/ml)Mean SE P-value,
dietP-value, Tx
Cont-noDSS 4.1279 .48046 P < 0.001 P < 0.001
Cont-DSS 2.2340 .22466Cayenne-noDSS 7.6750 .49460
Cayenne-DSS 3.1338 .29350
GPx (nmol/min/ml)
Mean SE P-value, diet
P-value, Tx
Cont-noDSS 31.2670 1.34113 P = 0.001 P < 0.001
Cont-DSS 19.0520 1.30669
Cayenne-noDSS
33.3262 .84788
Cayenne-DSS 27.1095 .88569
![Page 16: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Summary
CAYENNE PEPPER
REDUCED RISK OF CVD
![Page 17: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conclusion Cayenne pepper consumption - scavenge cellular
reactive oxygen species (ROS) reducing oxidative stress maintaining the integrity of the cells reducing chronic inflammation.
Impact: Great practical implications for the use of cayenne pepper in the diet to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and its associated comorbidities.
![Page 18: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Future Directions
Antioxidant: prevents LDL-oxidation > risk atherosclerosis Hepatic gene expression in relation to lipid metabolism
TRPV1
EEFat Oxidation
Capsaicin
Catecholamines
Beta- adrenoceptors
SNS
UCP
![Page 19: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
AcknowledgementI would like to acknowledge the Fall 2011
and the Fall 2012 Nutrition 302L class, Nicole Hartig, and Deva Plumlee for their
contribution to this study.Many thanks to Dr. Mee Young Hong for
her guidance and expertise.
![Page 20: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
References [1] Kang, JH, CS Kim, IS Han, T Kawada, and R Yu. "Capsaicin, a Spicy
Component of Hot Peppers, Modulates Adipokine Gene Expression and Protein Release from Obese-mouse Adipose Tissues and Isolated Adipocytes, and Suppresses the Inflammatory Responses of Adipose Tissue Macrophages." FEBS Letters, 581.23 (2007): 4389-4396.
[2] Li, ZY, P Wang, and CY Miao. "Adipokines in Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Disease." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology, 38.12 (2011): 888-896.
[3] Kempaiah, RK, and K Srinivasan. "Beneficial Influence of Dietary Curcumin, Capsaicin and Garlic on Erythrocyte Integrity in High-fat Fed Rats." The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 17.7 (2006): 471-478.
[4] USA government. Center for Disease Control. Heart Disease. Atlanta, GA: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009. Print. <http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/faqs.htm>.
[5] Chularojmontri, L, M Suwatronnakorn, and SK Wattanapitayakul. "Influence of Capsicum Extract and Capsaicin on Endothelial Health." Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet, 93 Suppl 2 (2010): S92-101.
![Page 21: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
References [6] O'Rourke, RW. "Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity and Diabetes: At
the Intersection of Weight Regulation, Inflammation, and Glucose Homeostasis." World Journal of Surgery, 33.10 (2009): 2007-2013.
[7] Rosa, A, M Deiana, V Casu, G Corona, G Appendino, M Ballero, and M Dessi. "Antioxidant Activity of Capsinoids." Toxicology Letters (Shannon), 144.Suppl. (2003).
[8] Manjunatha, Hanumanthappa, and Krishnapura Srinivasan. "Protective Effect of Dietary Curcumin and Capsaicin on Induced Oxidation of Low-density Lipoprotein, Iron-induced Hepatotoxicity and Carrageenan-induced Inflammation in Experimental Rats." FEBS Journal, 273.19 (4528): 4528-4537.
[9] Ahuja, Kiran Dk, Iain K Robertson, Dominic P Geraghty, and Madeleine J Ball. "Effects of Chili Consumption on Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, and Energy Metabolism." Am J Clin Nutr, 84.1 (2006): 63-69.
![Page 22: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
References [10] Diepvens, Kristel, Klaas Westerterp, and Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga.
"Obesity and Thermogenesis Related to the Consumption of Caffeine, Ephedrine, Capsaicin, and Green Tea." American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 292.1 (2007): R77-R85.
[11] Watanbe, T., Kawada, T., Yamamoto, M., and Iwai, K. "Capsaicin a Pungent Principle of Hot Red Pepper Evokes Catecholamine Secretion from the Adrenal Medulla of Anesthetized Rats." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 142.1 (1987): 259-264.
[12] Kawada T, Watanabe T, Takaishi T, Tanaka T, and Iwai K. "Capsaicin-induced Beta-adrenergic Action on Energy Metabolism in Rats Influence of Capsaicin on Oxygen Consumption the Respiratory Quotient and Substrate Utilization." Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 183.2 (1986): 250-256.
[13] Yoshida, T., Yoshioka, K., Wakabayashi, K., Nishioka, H., and Kondo, M. "Effects of Capsaicin and Isothiocyanate on Thermogenesis of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue in Rats." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 34.6 (1988): 587-594.
![Page 23: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
References [14] Watanbe, T., Kawada, T., Kurosawa, M., Sato, A., and Iwai, K.
"Adrenal Sympathetic Efferent Nerve and Catecholamine Secretion Excitation Caused by Capsaicin in Rats." American Journal of Physiology, 255.1 (1988): E23-E27.
[15] Kang, JH, T Goto, IS Han, T Kawada, YM Kim, and R Yu. "Dietary Capsaicin Reduces Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice Fed a High-fat Diet." Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 18.4 (2010): 780-787.
[16] Kempaiah, R, H Manjunatha, and K Srinivasan. "Protective Effect of Dietary Capsaicin on Induced Oxidation of Low-density Lipoprotein in Rats." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 275.1-2 (2005): 7-2.
[17] Ahuja, Kiran D, Dale Kunde, Madeleine Ball, and Dominic Geraghty. "Effects of Capsaicin, Dihydrocapsaicin, and Curcumin on Copper-induced Oxidation of Human Serum Lipids." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54.17 (6436): 6436-6439.
![Page 24: Effects of cayenne pepper on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in rats with inflammation fed an atherogenic diet](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062521/56816867550346895ddecd58/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Questions