EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

[UWB 10202][UWB 10202]

IntroductionIntroduction

Mdm Siti Aisyah binti Akiah

OutlineOutline

1. What is Communication2. Criteria of an Effective Communication3. Importance of Effective Communication4. Communication Model – Elements5. Forms of Communication6. Types of Communication

What is Communication?What is Communication?

• Latin word: “communis” (equal or similarity)• Modern day meaning:-

– the act of / process of communicating– the imparting or interchange of thoughts,

opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs

– something that has been transferred or transmitted

– a document or message imparting information or opinion

– any process related to sharing information, ideas & feelings

1. A teacher instructing a student to take off his cap in class but was ignored

2. A group of staffs listening to a briefing on the need for quality work and product given by their manager

3. The Chancellor of Germany giving a talk on German-Malaysia Economic Cooperation to a delegate of Malaysian participants using the German language

4. A navy officer pointing his machine gun towards illegal immigrants after they were caught in a boat off the coast of Pontian

5. An angry motorcyclist raising his middle finger with palm facing inwards to an incoming reckless factory van

Is communication taking place?Is communication taking place?

a two-way process of sending and

receiving messages

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONEFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

an active process and a

changing event

an exchange of words and meanings

occurs when there is a shared

meaning

message that is sent is the same message that is

received

what we do to give and get

understanding

Importance of Effective Communication

• is the key to success

• to live is to communicate

• to communicate effectively is to enjoy life more fully

• we use it :- to share- to inform- to persuade- to make decision- to improve relationships- to discover & uncover information

ElementsElementsofof

CommunicationCommunication

1. WHO (sender)

2. TO WHOM (receiver)

3. WHAT IS SAID (message)

4. USING WHAT & WHERE (channel/mode)

5. THE EFFECT (feedback)

feedback

channel

Element 1:Element 1: The Sender / Source The Sender / Source

• The first person to speak or the one who initiates the communication or creates the message• Encoding and sending the message• Reacting to feedback from the receiver

Element 2:Element 2: The Receiver The Receiver

• The "listener“, the one or ones for whom the message is intended• Receive and interpret the message• Store and reacts to the message sent by the source of the message• May react by uttering words or in non-verbal ways such as giving out signs, body movements, facial expressions

Element 3:Element 3: The Message The Message

• The stimulus produced by the source• This is what the sender wants the receiver to know• Includes:- - the verbal message (content), and - non-verbal messages inferred from the source (words, grammar, organization, appearance, body movement, personality, self- concept, style, signals) and the environment (noise, interruption)

Element 4:Element 4: Feedback Feedback

• The reaction that the receiver gives upon receiving the message from the source

• Enables the source to determine whether the message was understood correctly

Element 5:Element 5: Channel / Channel / ModeMode

• The route by which the message flows between the source and the receiver

• Includes:-– means of communication– environment– interference

Element 5:Element 5: Channel (Con’t) Channel (Con’t)

Means of communication (1)

Face-to-face conversations

Meetings

Element 5:Element 5: Channel (Con’t) Channel (Con’t)

Telephones in offices, cars & airplanes

Memos, letters, and telegraphs

Means of communication (2)

Fax

Electronic mail

Element 5:Element 5: Channel (Con’t) Channel (Con’t) Means of communication (3)

Element 5:Element 5: Channel (Con’t) Channel (Con’t)

• The atmosphere either physically or psychologically when the communication occurs

• Influence the way the message is interpreted

• Could be feelings, perceptions, attitude, characteristics of the location, decoration, size and colour in which the communication take place

Environment

Element 5:Element 5: Channel (Con’t) Channel (Con’t)

• Anything that disturbs the transmitted intended message• Can be both in the form of internal (meaning of the

message) and external (tone of the message)• Possible causes:-

– Language differences– Badly expressed messages– Arguing or debating

Interference / Barrier (1)

– Lack of background information– Jumping to conclusions without waiting for the whole message– Distrust– Disinterest in the conversation– Fear– Not listening

Interference / Barrier (2)

Element 5:Element 5: Channel (Con’t) Channel (Con’t)

Forms of CommunicationForms of Communication

Speech

Written

Symbols

Gestures

Types of CommunicationTypes of Communication

Intrapersonal Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Small Group Communication

Types of Communication (con’t)Types of Communication (con’t)

Intrapersonal Communication• Self talk• Purpose: to plan, rehearse, prompt to do / or not to do• Elements:- - You are the only sender & receiver - The message is made up of thoughts / feelings - The channel: one’s brain - The feedback: discard certain ideas and replace with new ones

e.g. dreams, reading aloud to oneself, talking to yourself

Types of Communication (con’t)Types of Communication (con’t)

Interpersonal Communication

• A process of imparting messages between two or more individuals on a personal, face-to-face level

• Uses all the elements of communication process• Offers the greatest opportunity for feedback• Usually takes place in informal and comfortable settings

e.g. - discussions - conversations - interviews

• Refers to communication that occurs in groups that are approximately 3 - 10 people

• Small group communication generally takes place in a context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering

• e.g. work, social, influence

TypesTypesofof

Communication Communication (con’t)(con’t)

Small Group Communication