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NAMESTE AND

WELCOME

Nurendra AryalM.Sc. Forestry, First YearIoF, PokharaRoll No. 19

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ADVANCE SILVICULTURE

TERM PAPER PRESENTATION ON

EFFECT OF SILVICULRAL SYSTEM ON WILDLIFE AND RECREATION

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1. Introduction2. Silvicultral System 3. Consideration for wildlife and recreation4. Conclusion5. Recomendation

Outline of Presentation

Silviculture : the art and science of controlling the

establishment, growth, composition, and quality of forest

vegetation for the full range of forest resource objectives.

The term silviculture is also used to manage forests for

wildlife, water, recreation, aesthetics, or any combination of

these or other forest uses.

There are many silvicultural systems available for managing

forests depending on the management objectives.

These systems were developed in central Europe over several

centuries

1. Introduction

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Silvicultural system: The processes by which a forest are tended,

removed and replaced by new crops, resulting in the production of

woods of a distinctive form.

Broadly classified into two types;

1. Even-Aged Systems

The even‑aged system comprises four regeneration methods that represent a

continuum of residual stand structures: Clearcutting: an entire commercially mature stand is removed in one

harvest. Seed tree: mature stand is removed in one cutting, except for a small

number of trees that are left to provide seed for regenerating a new stand

2. Silvicultual System

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Shelterwood: method involves two or more timber harvestsMostly There are 4 phases of cutting in the shelterwood

method• Preparatory cutting• Seed cutting• Secondary cutting• Removal cutting

Coppice System: method is a type of cutting in which

regeneration of the forest depends mainly on vegetative

reproduction from the cut ends of the stumps

Silvicultural System Contd…

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2. Uneven-Aged Systems

The uneven‑aged system uses the selection method of harvesting

forest crops.

There are two basic variations

• Single tree selection: removes scattered individual trees or

small groups of two or three trees, creating small gaps in the

overstory canopy that favor regeneration of shade tolerant tree

species

• Group selection: creates larger gaps by harvesting all trees in a

one-quarter to one-half acre area, which can allow shade mid-

tolerant species

Silvicultural System Contd…

An obvious main difference is that none of the main commercial

management systems allow very old (veteran) trees to develop,

hence denying a significant biodiversity niche for fungi, lichens,

insects, hole-nesting birds and bats that all depend upon

deadwood.

wildlife needs for habitat and the effect of forest fragmentation (

some species need edge while others need forest interiors, cover)

maintaining or enhancing aesthetic forest values in areas of high

public exposure and/or recreational use

3. Consideration for Wildlife and Recreation

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Clear-cutting systems: From the point of views of big wildlife the system may not be

suitable In some ways this can be regarded as an advantage as open-

ground species such as some small mammals, birds and butterflies can also thrive in this environment.

Shelterwood System: The system may increase the aesthetic value of forest hence

recreational value Intermediate between clear-cutting and selection system

Selection System: Uneven aged forest is suitable for wildlife management Different type of habitat can be found

4. Conclusion

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In European countries most of the even aged plantation forest,

now being converted with the point of view of wildlife

management

Research and intervention is needed with respect to effect of

silvilcultural system on wildlife and recreation

5. Recomendation

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Thank You VERY

MUCH

Suggestions are Highly Appreciated