Density structure of the Ocean - Distribution of temperature and salinity in the ocean.
EFFECT OF SALINITY ON FREEZING AND DENSITY OF WATER.
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Transcript of EFFECT OF SALINITY ON FREEZING AND DENSITY OF WATER.
EFFECT OF SALINITY ON FREEZING AND DENSITY OF WATER
Figure 6.12
COMPOSITION OF MEAN SEAWATER
EXCESS EVAPORATION INCREASES SALINITY
Figure 6.20
SALINITY OF OCEAN WATER REFLECTS LOSS OF WATER BY EVAPORATION,ICE FORMATION, MELTING, RUNOFF, AND PRECIPITATION
REGIONS OF HIGHER AND LOWER SALINITY
REMEMBER THAT MOW SALINITY =34.9 PPT
Vertical variations of salinity
• Surface ocean salinity is variable
• Deeper ocean salinity is nearly the same (~polar source regions for deeper ocean water)
• Halocline, rapid change of salinity with depth
Figure 6.22SALINITY CHANGE WITH DEPTH
HALOCLINE :
REGION OF RAPID CHANGEOF SALINITY WITH DEPTH
Density of seawater
• 1.022 to 1.030 g/cm3
• Ocean layered according to density
• Density of seawater controlled by temperature, salinity, and pressure– Most important influence is temperature– Density increases with decreasing temperature
• Salinity greatest influence on density in polar oceans( BECAUSE OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE)
• Pycnocline, rapid change of density with depth
• Thermocline, rapid change of temperature with depth
• Polar ocean is isothermal
Figure 6.24AB
NOTE: TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY REACH A NEAR CONSTANT VALUE AT GREAT DEPTHS IN THE OCEANS
PYCNOCLINE = RAPID CHANGE OF DENSITY WITH DEPTH
THERMOCLINE = RAPID CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE WITH DEPTH
Figure 6.24C
MIXED SURFACE LAYER, MIXED BY WINDS, SURFACE CURRENTS, CORIOLIS EFFECTS
Table 6.5