Effect of dietary protein and protease … of dietary protein and protease supplementation on...
Transcript of Effect of dietary protein and protease … of dietary protein and protease supplementation on...
Effect of dietary protein and
protease supplementation
on performance and gut
health of broiler chicks
P. Buttin, F. Yan, J. Dibner, C. D. Knight,
M. Vazquez-Anon, N. Odetallah, S. Carter
2
Novus international in few words
• Global company specialized in feed additive
– North American, Japanese capital Mitsui/ Nippon Soda
– 1.3 billion turnover , 850 employees of witch 150 R&D
• Born in 1991 out of the scientific heritage of Monsanto
– With 2 major products : methionine analogue / ethoxiquine
• Since developed into a multiproduct company
– Methionine sources, antioxidants, enzymes, gut health,
chelated trace elements, pigments,
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20 years “stability “
150 to 330 $ / ton
480 to 550
$ /ton
bonddad.blogspot.com
Soybean price last 25 years
Continuous increase in feed protein cost
4
Feed 67%
Grower 14%
Chick 12 %
Other7%
Feed 51%
Grower 20 %
Chick 17 %
Other 12 %
Feed now represents two thirds
of broiler production costs
2000 2011
Broiler cost
of production
Agristat
5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Phytase
Mannanase
NSP/Xylanase
Protease
Increasing interest in feed enzymes strong growth expected in protease use
Mill
ion
$
6
Cibenza DP100 a protease for feed application
• Recently introduced in animal feed
• FDA and AAFCO approved
• Applying for registration in EU
• Heat stable from natural thermophillic
Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1
• Broad spectrum activity: casein, collagen,
keratin, elastin
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3 potential contributions of protease use
in animal production
1- Performance
protease
Increased amino acid availability
2- Gut health 3- Environment
Less protein undigested
Less protein
in feed
Higher amino
acid availability
Maintain weight gain
& feed efficiency
Less protein
in feed
Same protein
retention
Less protein
excretion
Less undigested
protein
Less proteolytic
fermentation
Less biogenic amines
& bacterial toxins
8
3 treatments x 8 pens x 45 broilers
protease DP100 at 0.5 kg/ton
-7.5% CP
-7.5% CP
+ DP100
Control
a b
a
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
35d 42d
Live weight (kg)
P<0.05
b
ab
a
a
c
b
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
35d 42d
Feed conversion ratio
P<0.05
P= 0.065
Gutierrez - Southern Poultry, Atlanta 2011
Reduction in feed protein reduced feed cost
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ATA for “growth promotion”
Objective to reduce antibiotics used as GP
• Work with antibacterial
– New additives mimicking in some way antibiotics
Generalized crossed resistance to expect ?
• Work on gut flora subtract (flora nutrition)
– What ingredients? (like corn vs wheat)
– What formulation? like low protein vs high protein
– Digestibility aids like protease
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Objective of study 1
To evaluate the effect of inclusion of
protease at two dietary crude protein
levels on broiler performance and gut
health under stress conditions
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Materials and methods
• Floor pen study, 288 male broilers, Ross 708
• 4 treatments : 9 replicate of 8 birds
– 2x Protein : normal (22.1% CP ) &high (30% CP by adding poultry meal)
– 2x Protease (DP100) : with and without
• Stress challenge
– Diet based on wheat and rye, no xylanase
– Coccidia challenge on day 7 (3x non attenuated vaccine)
• Measurements
– Performance at day 7, 14, 21, 28
– Ileal Clostridium perfringens count at day 15
– Gut histology at day 14
– Serum α-1-acid glycoprotein level at day 22
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Experimental diets
Ingredient Normal
protein
High
protein
% %
Soybean meal (48%) 32.36 31.87
Wheat 25.00 25.00
Rye 20.00 20.00
Poultry meal 0.00 14.36
Corn 13.32 4.57
Soybean oil 4.32 3.29
Dicalcium phosphate 1.89 0.00
Limestone 1.33 0.00
Others 1.78 0.91
Total 100.00 100.00
Calc. nutrients Normal
protein
High
protein
% %
ME (kcal/kg) 3000 3000
Crude protein (%) 22.12 30
d Lys,% 1.21 1.39
d TSAA,% 0.89 0.89
d Thr, % 0.79 0.86
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Effect of dietary CP and protease inclusion
on performance index
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
Low CP High CP
Performance index at day 28
Control
Protease
Source of Variation P-value
CP 0.260
Protease 0.171
CP x Protease 0.607
•Performance Index = ((Livability*((Body
Weight*1000) /Day of study)*10) / (Feed to
Gain corrected for dead bird weight)).
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b
a
b b
0
1
2
3
4
5
Normal CP High CP
Ileal Clostridium perfringens (log cfu) at day 15
Control
Protease
Effect of dietary CP and protease inclusion
on ileal Clostridium perfringens
Source of Variation P-value
CP 0.128
Protease 0.107
CP x Protease 0.043
15
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
Low CP High CP
Serum α-1-acid glycoprotein level day 22
Control
Protease
Effect of dietary CP and protease inclusion on a
liver acute phase protein production
Source of variation P-value
CP 0.717
Protease 0.022
CP x Protease 0.738
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Effect of dietary CP and protease inclusion
on gut morphology (villus/crypt ratio)
Source of variation P-value
CP 0.821
Protease 0.054
CP x Protease 0.295
Duodenum villus /crypt ratio
day 14
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Low CP High CP
Control
Protease
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Conclusions study 1
Excess dietary protein together with a
coccidial challenge resulted in
– Intestinal wall erosion
– Ileal dysbacteriosis
– Increased serum acute phase proteins
Inclusion of DP 100 restored performance
to the levels shown by the low protein group
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Objectives of study 2
To evaluate the effect of inclusion of protease
at two dietary crude protein levels on broiler
performance under stress conditions based
on bird density
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Materials and methods
• Floor pen study, 1104 male broilers Ross 708
• 6 treatments with 8 replicates of 21 or 25 birds /pen – Normal protein, low protein , low protein + protease (DP100)
– No stress, stress
• Stress challenge – Normal conditions: 21 bird/pen (14.3/m²) , no feed outage
– Stress conditions: 25 birds/pen (17.2/m²), 8 hr feed outage at d0 and d14
• Measurements – 14 and 27
– BW, FI, FCR, mortality
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Composition of starter diet
Ingredients normal protein
low protein
Corn 54.04 58.19
Soybean meal, 48% 34.96 31.29
DDGS 5.00 5.00
Soybean oil 2.32 1.75
L-LYSINE HCL 78% 0.18 0.20
MHA - 84% 0.24 0.22
Threonine 0.08 0.07
Phytase 0.05 0.05
Protease 0.00 0.05
Total 100 100
Nutrient normal protein
low protein
ME, kcal/kg 3040 3040
Crude protein, % 22.50 21.10
Dig Lys, % 1.19 1.11
Dig TSAA, % 0.89 0.83
Dig Thr, % 0.78 0.72
Crumble - 0 to14 days
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Composition of grower diet
Ingredients normal protein
low protein
Corn 59.11 63.23
Soybean meal, 48% 29.94 26.27
DDGS 5.00 5.00
Soybean oil 2.58 2.01
L-LYSINE HCL 78% 0.18 0.21
MHA - 84% 0.21 0.19
Threonine 0.06 0.06
Phytase 0.05 0.05
Protease/corn starch 0.00 0.05
Total 100 100
Nutrient normal protein
low protein
ME, kcal/kg 3120 3120
Crude protein, % 20.50 19.10
Dig Lys, % 1.07 0.99
Dig TSAA, % 0.82 0.76
Dig Thr, % 0.70 0.64
Pellet - 14 to 27 days
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no stress stress
LW kg
Effect of protein level at 27 days
a ab
c
b
1.28
1.32
1.36
1.40
1.44
1.48
1.52
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
P<0.05
no stress stress
FCR
c
a
bc
ab
1.40
1.44
1.48
1.52
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
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no stress stress
LW
… and effect of protease
a ab
a
c
b b
1.28
1.32
1.36
1.40
1.44
1.48
1.52
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
P<0.05
no stress stress
FCR
c
a
ab
bc
ab
ab
1.40
1.44
1.48
1.52
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
NP
LP
LP
+D
P1
00
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Effect of the protease in the low protein diets
on feed conversion ratio
Source of Variation P value SEM
Stress 0.1455 0.006
Protease 0.0813 0.006
Str x Pr 0.6694 0.008
1.40
1.42
1.44
1.46
1.48
1.50
1.52
no stress Stress
LP LP+DP100
FCR at 27 days
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Conclusions Study 2
• Stressed birds had a better growth on the low
protein diets
• Low protein diet worsen feed efficiency in non
stressed birds
• Inclusion of the protease resulted in improvement
in feed efficiency in birds fed low protein diets in
both the stressed and non-stressed groups
(p<0.1)
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Overall conclusions
• A range of stress factors were shown to have an effect on
bird performance
– High protein diets together with a coccidial challenge resulted in
dysbacteriosis and changes in gut structure
– Increased bird density reduced performance although this effect
was less apparent in birds on a low protein diet
• Inclusion of the protease Cibenza DP100
– reduced the dysbacteriosis and improved gut morphology in birds
fed high protein diets
– In low protein diets, improved feed efficiency in both control and
stressed birds