EET 450EET 450

MotherboardsMotherboards

Personal Computer HistoryPersonal Computer History

1959 - TI invented the IC1959 - TI invented the IC– 6 transistors6 transistors

1969 - Intel introduced 1k-bit 1969 - Intel introduced 1k-bit memory chipmemory chip

1971 - Intel 4004 - the 1st 1971 - Intel 4004 - the 1st microprocessor chip (4 bit microprocessor chip (4 bit processor)processor)– 1972 - the 8008 introduced1972 - the 8008 introduced

PC HistoryPC History

1973 - Personal computers using 1973 - Personal computers using the 8008 appeared (kits)the 8008 appeared (kits)

late 1973 - Intel 8080 late 1973 - Intel 8080 – Jan 1975 - the Altair kit - Popular Jan 1975 - the Altair kit - Popular

Electronics feature articleElectronics feature article 1975 IBM introduced Model 51001975 IBM introduced Model 5100

– $9,000 PC$9,000 PC– 5110 and 5120 followed5110 and 5120 followed

PC HistoryPC History

1976 - Apple I introduced ($695)1976 - Apple I introduced ($695) 1977 - Apple II1977 - Apple II up to 1980 the dominant computer up to 1980 the dominant computer

was the S-100 bus system running was the S-100 bus system running CP/MCP/M– (See the North Star Horizon)(See the North Star Horizon)

1980 - IBM introduced the PC1980 - IBM introduced the PC– The rest is historyThe rest is history

THE PCTHE PC

The Personal Computer currently is The Personal Computer currently is based around the MOTHERBOARDbased around the MOTHERBOARD

This main logic board has evolved This main logic board has evolved from one containing only the from one containing only the primary logic required to tie primary logic required to tie together the basic functional units together the basic functional units of the PC to an integrated of the PC to an integrated processor/support structure.processor/support structure.

MotherboardMotherboard

Motherboard, main board, system Motherboard, main board, system board, and planarboard, and planar

Primary elementsPrimary elements– ProcessorProcessor– Processor socketsProcessor sockets– Clock circuitryClock circuitry– Cache MemoryCache Memory– SIMM/DIMM memorySIMM/DIMM memory

Other ElementsOther Elements

BusBus– Differing by type/speed/etc.Differing by type/speed/etc.

BIOSBIOS Form Factor - Size/shapeForm Factor - Size/shape Built in InterfacesBuilt in Interfaces

– IDE, Floppy, Serial Port, Parallel Port, IDE, Floppy, Serial Port, Parallel Port, Video Display, Sound card, NIBVideo Display, Sound card, NIB

Other ElementsOther Elements

Plug and Play capabilityPlug and Play capability Power ManagementPower Management Motherboard chipsetMotherboard chipset

– ‘‘glue’ logicglue’ logic

Motherboard ChipsetMotherboard Chipset

ParityParity– Triton II (430HX)Triton II (430HX)

Non-parityNon-parity– Triton (430FX)Triton (430FX)– 430TX430TX– 430VX430VX

Pentium ProPentium Pro– Orion (450KX & 450 GX type) or Natoma Orion (450KX & 450 GX type) or Natoma

(440FX)(440FX)

BIOSBIOS

ROM Bios is being replaced by other ROM Bios is being replaced by other forms of non-volatile memoryforms of non-volatile memory– flashflash– eepromeeprom

The basis of how the system will workThe basis of how the system will work provides drivers for certain classes of provides drivers for certain classes of

hardwarehardware– ie. Floppy drives, hard drives, PnP, Powerie. Floppy drives, hard drives, PnP, Power

BiosBios

Original Equipment Manufacturer’sOriginal Equipment Manufacturer’s– Compaq Compaq – AT & T AT & T – make their own BIOS make their own BIOS

ROM BIOS developersROM BIOS developers– American Megatrends, Inc. (AMI)American Megatrends, Inc. (AMI)– Award SoftwareAward Software– Phoenix SoftwarePhoenix Software

BIOSBIOS

AMIAMI– most popular of the 3rd party versionsmost popular of the 3rd party versions– BIOS ID String can provide specific BIOS ID String can provide specific

information about the version and information about the version and features of any AMI version.features of any AMI version.

– Does not sell code to OEM - licensed Does not sell code to OEM - licensed onlyonly

– http://www.ami.comhttp://www.ami.com

BIOSBIOS

AwardAward– Sells code to OEM’sSells code to OEM’s– http://www.award.comhttp://www.award.com

PhoenixPhoenix– the standard of compatibilitythe standard of compatibility– developed using clean room approachdeveloped using clean room approach– excellent documentationexcellent documentation– http://www.firmware.comhttp://www.firmware.com

Motherboard Form FactorMotherboard Form Factor

Backplane systemsBackplane systems– passive - only connectorspassive - only connectors– active - includes bus control +active - includes bus control +

Full-Size ATFull-Size AT– 12” x 13.8”12” x 13.8”

Baby ATBaby AT– 8.58” x 13.048.58” x 13.04

Form FactorForm Factor

LPXLPX– expansion cards plugged into motherbdexpansion cards plugged into motherbd– Low profile/slimline designLow profile/slimline design– connectors for kb/mouse/video/ser/parconnectors for kb/mouse/video/ser/par– 9” x 13” or 8.2” x 10.4” (mini)9” x 13” or 8.2” x 10.4” (mini)

ATXATX– an INTEL specan INTEL spec– released July 95released July 95

– Low cost, flexible design responds to Low cost, flexible design responds to many user concerns for accessibility many user concerns for accessibility and maintainabilityand maintainability

– 12” x 9”12” x 9”– Single 20-pin power connector called Single 20-pin power connector called

a P1 connectora P1 connector– Includes software enabled power-on Includes software enabled power-on

switchswitch

Mini ATXMini ATX– ATX board with compact designATX board with compact design– 11” x 8”11” x 8”

CPU Form FactorCPU Form Factor

SEP – Single Edge Processor (slot 1)SEP – Single Edge Processor (slot 1) SECC – Single Edge Contact SECC – Single Edge Contact

Cartridge (PII/III Slot 1)Cartridge (PII/III Slot 1) SECC2 – SECC, version 2 SECC2 – SECC, version 2 PPGA – Plastic Pin Grid ArrayPPGA – Plastic Pin Grid Array

– Socket 370Socket 370 FC-PGA – Flip Chip PGAFC-PGA – Flip Chip PGA

CPU Form FactorCPU Form Factor

See Table 3-7 and Figure 3-10 for See Table 3-7 and Figure 3-10 for older chip informationolder chip information

Currently, P4 uses a Socket 478 Currently, P4 uses a Socket 478 configurationconfiguration

AMD uses a Socket A configurationAMD uses a Socket A configuration

CPU Sockets/SlotsCPU Sockets/Slots

Slot mount CPU’s are fading fast Slot mount CPU’s are fading fast Sockets should be ZIF (Zero Sockets should be ZIF (Zero

Insertion Force)Insertion Force) Cooling systems are an integral Cooling systems are an integral

part of any CPU installation - part of any CPU installation -

Bus SlotsBus Slots

The busThe bus– pathway of ‘parallel’ signals pathway of ‘parallel’ signals – Various bus functionsVarious bus functions

ProcessorProcessor MemoryMemory AddressAddress I/OI/O

– Normally BUS refers to expansion busNormally BUS refers to expansion bus

Bus SlotsBus Slots

The PCI Interface is the standard The PCI Interface is the standard for expansion for expansion – See table 3-10 for busses through See table 3-10 for busses through

historyhistory The AGP (Accelerated Graphics The AGP (Accelerated Graphics

Port) bus provides specialized Port) bus provides specialized support for video display adapter support for video display adapter – 1x, 2x, 4x …1x, 2x, 4x …

Memory ExpansionMemory Expansion

Motherboard must contain Motherboard must contain expansion area for memoryexpansion area for memory– FPM – Fast PageFPM – Fast Page– EDO – Extended Data OutEDO – Extended Data Out– BEDO – Burst EDOBEDO – Burst EDO– SDRAM – Synchronous DRAMSDRAM – Synchronous DRAM– Rambus DRAM – uses faster busRambus DRAM – uses faster bus– DDR SDRAM – Double Data Rate DDR SDRAM – Double Data Rate

SDRAMSDRAM

Memory ExpansionMemory Expansion

30pin SIMM30pin SIMM 72pin SIMM72pin SIMM 168pin DIMM – current standard168pin DIMM – current standard RAMBUSRAMBUS

MemoryMemory

Cache MemoryCache Memory– L1 – closest to the CPU (on the CPU L1 – closest to the CPU (on the CPU

Substrate)Substrate)– L2 – external to CPUL2 – external to CPU

CMOS SettingsCMOS Settings

Part of BIOS setupPart of BIOS setup See table 3-12See table 3-12 Standard Standard Advanced CMOS setupAdvanced CMOS setup Advanced Chip-set setupAdvanced Chip-set setup Power SetupPower Setup

AssignmentAssignment

See scheduleSee schedule