EET 450 - Advanced Digital Display Adapters. A vital part to the system provides the visual part of...
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EET 450 - Advanced Digital
Display Adapters
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Display Adapters
• A vital part to the system
• provides the visual part of the Human/Computer interface
• In boot process, goes through a variety of steps from mono-text through the highest color mode available
• Display unit must support the output
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Board Types
• VGA boards - standard now
• Super VGA - follow VESA standards for high resolutions
• Graphic Accelerator - include 2D drawing instructions
• 3D accelerator board - includes 3D/rendering commands
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Adapters
• Process - depends on commands from the CPU to display information– source of image may be from RAM, Disk, or
created ‘on the fly’– Accelerator chips provide hardware support for
the ‘on the fly’ image generation– all other image forms are restricted by bus
speed.
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• Technologies that affect speed– Chip-sets for accelerators– BUS technology– Register width of D/A card– Memory technology used
• VRAM – Designed to be accessed by both input and output devices
at the same time
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Video Memory
• SGRAM – Synchronous Graphics RAM– Not dual ported – used on moderate to high end cards
• WRAM – Window RAM– Faster & less expensive than VRAM
– Supports full motion video
• 3-D RAM – designed to improve simulated three dimensional representations
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– Resolution support• 3 basic resolutions 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768• See Table 9-8
– Color support (mode)• 24 bit or 32 - 16.7 Mhues
– Speed rating• resolution vs frame rate
– Bus bandwidth• ISA – 16 bit, PCI - 32, AGP – 64 bit
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Other Issues
• BIOS support
• OS support
• MMX Technology (3DNow)– Graphics accelerator in the CPU (Pentium)
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Video Controllers
• CRTC – CRT Controller– Motorola 6845 – single chip control of traditional
monochrome display.
– Pages of text information, erase, scroll, etc.
• VGA Controller– Added control registers to allow complex control of
detailed color images with greater color depth
• Cursor control– Included in hardware
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RAM DAC
• Random Access Memory – Digital to Analog Converter– Provides analog control voltage for color
control.
• Video information must be stored in MEMORY – Memory contents (text or graphic information)
is converted to display
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BIOS
• PC Video Bios– Original PC design provided CRT controls in
BIOS
• VGA Bios– Extended BIOS controls to include color
palettes & LCD control information
• Super VGA– VESA Bios extensions
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Mode Numbers
• VESA Standard modes – See Table 16.5
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Interfaces
• ISA
• VESA Local Bus
• UMA – Unified Memory Arch.
• VGA Auxiliary Video Connector– Card edge connector on VGA Board
• VESA feature Connector/ Advanced Feature Connector
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Interfaces
• VESA Media Channel– Uses PCI Standard for video control features
• Advanced Graphics Port
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Speed Comparison
• Each of the standard ports for Video Adapters are classified as ‘Local Bus’
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Feature VL-Bus PCI AGP
Speed 132 MB/s 132MB/s 533M/1.06G
Slots 3 4/5 1
PnP No Yes Yes
Cost Inexpensive Higher Sim. to PCI
Use 486 Pentium/P6 PII/III etc
Status Obsolete Current Current
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Other Video Issues
• TV Tuner
• Video Capture– NTSC– PAL– SECAM– HDTV
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Assignment
• Review ‘Flat Panel Displays’
• Write 1-2 page ‘summary’ of information found - include periodicals – SEE WEB PAGE