Eero saarinen

Finnish Americanarchitect

August August 20, 1910 20, 1910 –– September 1, 1961September 1, 1961

EERO SAARINEN• Eero saarinen was born in 1910,in Finland.• Eero Saarinen was the youngest child of the famous

architect Eliel Saarinen, who explained that his son was "born practically on the drafting board."

• His mother loja was a gifted sculptor and architectural model maker.

• Eero grew up in a household where drawing and painting were taken very seriously, and a devotion to quality and professionalism were instilled in him at an early age.

• He was taught that each object should be designed in its "next largest context - a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in an environment, environment in a city plan."

• In 1923,the saaoinens emigrated to u.s,where he began to study sculpture and furniture design.

• Saarinen graduated from high school in 1929 and went to Paris to study sculpture.

• Between 1930 and 1934, Eero studied at the Yale School of Architecture.

From 1939 to 1947 he worked for his father's firm .

After working with his father on a number of projects, Eero Saarinen had a chance to express his own philosophy when he entered the 1947 architectural competition for Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.

This was his first opportunity to establish himself as an independent architect, and he set out to design a monument not only to Thomas Jefferson and the nation, but also to the modern age.

For him, "The major concern ...was to create a monument which would have lasting significance and would be a landmark of our time... Neither an obelisk nor a rectangular box nor a dome seemed right on this site or for this purpose. But here, at the edge of the Mississippi River, a great arch did seem right."

When his father died in 1950, Eero Saarinen took over his practice,

running it as Saarinen & Associates .

Saarinen developed a remarkable range which depended on colour,formand material.

In late 1930s ,Experimenting with Charles Eames, Eero Saarinen co-developed new furniture forms and the first designs for furniture of molded laminated wood.

In 1941 Saarinen won two prizes in the New York Museum of Modern Art competition for functional furniture design for pieces on which he and Charles Eames had collaborated.

Saarinen continued to design innovative chairs.

After winning the functional furniture design contest he began working on "organic" chair designs, resulting in the "womb" chair, which eased the sitter into a fetal position and was considered by many to be the most comfortable chair ever made.

PHILOSOPHY:

Eero saarinen was an american architect and prodectdesigner,20th century.

He was famous for his varying style according to demand of the project simple, sweeping,arching structural curves.

ACCORDING TO EERO SAARINEN:

“ The purpose of architecture is to shelter and enhance man’s life on earth and to fulfill his belief in the nobility of his existence.”

BUILDINGS

NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH ,

COLUMBUS,INDIANA (1959 TO1963)

•LOCATION : COLUMBUS , INDIANA • DATE : 1959 TO 1963• BUILDING : CHURCH

TYPE• CLIMATE : TEMPERATE • CONTEXT : SUBURBAN • STYLE : MODERN

THIS WAS THE LAST BUILDING DESIGNED BY SAARINEN BEFORE HIS DEATH . SAARINEN’S FATHER HAD DESIGNED THE FIRSTCHRISTIAN CHURCH IN COLUMBUS.

•THE BUILDING IS HEXAGONAL IN SHAPE , WITH

CENTRAL SPIRE WHICH IS 192 FEET (59M) HIGH .

• BELOW THE SPIRE THERE IS OCULUS THAT ADMITS LIGHT INTO MAIN LEVEL .

• THE SANCTURY IS LOCATED AT THE CENTRE OF

THE BUILDING , WITH A ALTAR LOCATED AT THE

CENTRE OF THE SANCTURY .

•ROWS OF PEWS SURROUND THE ALTAR IN THE CICULAR PATTERN ,REFLECTING THE IDEA THAT WORSHIP SHOULD BE” CENTRAL”ASPECT OF THE LIFE OF CONGREGATION .

•The communion table should be the focal point. We can have the congregation sitting around the communion table where everyone feels equal and joined together in unity and harmony

OCULUS FOR ADMITION OF LIGHTIN THE CHURCH

“In the North Christian Church, my thinking has always been to make the organ pipes an important element in the sanctuary design”

Rear side of church

*Church is elevated to have all the secondary activities like auditorium, Sunday school, gymnasiums etc. underground , hidden away and put only the sanctuary above ground and make it the significant visual and architecture thing

*Other reason is , the site is flat in a residential district the church must be elevated so that it stand s proudly above the parked cars and surrounding houses

DULLES AIRPORT

DULLES AIRPORTAT CHANTILLY ,VIRGINIA(1958 TO 1962)

•Washington Dulles International Airportserves the greater Washington, D.C./metropolitan area.

•It is named after John Foster Dulles, United States Secretary of State

•It serves as a major hub for United Airlines and a focus city for Jet Blue Airways.

•The airport occupies approximately 11,000 acres (17.19 mi²/ 44.5 km²) of land 26 miles (41.8 km) west of downtown Washington, straddling the border of Fairfax County and Loudoun County, Virginia

•It is located partly in Chantilly and partly in Dulles, west of Herndon and southwest of Sterling.

•The airport was dedicated by President John F. Kennedy on November 17, 1962.

•The main terminal is highly regarded for its graceful beauty, suggestive of flight

• Dulles was the first airport in the world specifically designed for jet aircraft, and many of its architectural features were experimental at the time for example underground people mover and pedestrian walkway system ,mobile lounges that bring passengers directly from aircraft to terminal.

•Dulles expanded in the 1980s and 1990s, operations outgrew the main terminal and new midfield concourses were constructed, using mobile lounges to bring passengers to the main terminal.

•An underground tunnel consisting of a passenger walkway and moving sidewalks was opened in 2004 which links the main terminal .

CURVED ROOF SUPPORTED UPON COLUMNS

•The terminal ceiling is suspended in an elegant curve above the luggage check-in area.

•There are two sets of gates in the main terminal

•The main terminal is a very well regarded building; its roof is a suspended catenary providing a wide enclosed area unimpeded by columns.

•It houses ticketing, baggage claim, and information facilities, as well as the International Arrivals Building for passenger processing.

TWA TERMINAL

DETAILED MODEL OF TWA

The building designed to be the embodiment of flight. Saarinen developed the form with reinforced concrete. Its expressive forms allow the building to stand out against its contemporaries. The fluid nature of concrete was pushed to the extreme in creating the bird-like forms. The concrete also made a solid choice since the building would be subject to millions of travelers a year. The materials had to be durable.

ENTRANCE TO THE TERMINAL

ST. LOUIS ARCH

ST. LOUIS ARCHAERIAL VIEW

ST. LOUIS ARCH , MISSOURIThe Arch is known as the "Gateway to the West".

Designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen and structural engineer Hannskarl Bandel It stands 630 feet (192 m) tall, and is 630 feet (192 m) at its widest point..The cross-sections of its legs are equilateral triangles, narrowing from 54 feet (16.5 m) per side at the base to 17 feet (5.2 m) at the top. Each wall consists of a stainless steel skin covering reinforced concrete from ground level to 300 feet (91 m) or carbon steel and rebar from 300 feet (91 m) to the peak.The interior of the Arch is hollow and contains a unique transport system leading to an observation deck at the top.The interior of the Arch also contains two emergency stairwells of 1076 steps each, in the event of a need to evacuate the Arch or if a problem develops with the tram system.Underneath the Arch is a visitor center, entered from a descending outdoor ramp starting at either base.

ENTRANCE TO THE ARCH

Entrance to the Arch is from the underground George B. Hartzog, Jr. Visitor Center, located directly beneath it.Visitors are carried from the lobby level below to the observation platform at the top of the Arch by a unique conveyance system - a 40-passenger train made up of eight five-passenger capsules in each leg.Operating at the rate of 340 feet per min., the ride takes 10 minutes for the round trip.The observation platform is 65 feet by 7 feet, with plate-glass windows providing views in the east and west directions.There is also a conventional maintenance elevator in each leg as far as the 372-foot level, and stairways with 1,076 steps in each leg rise from the base to the top of the Arch. The elevators and stairways are for maintenance and emergency use only.

SECURITYVisitors pass through security checkpoints at each entrance to the Arch, before being allowed access to the visitor center.

TRAM A unique tram system that combined an elevator cable lift system with gimbaled cars functionally similar to ferris wheel gondolas had been installed.From the visitor center one may move to either base (one on the north end and the other on the south end) of the Arch and enter the tramway much as one would enter an ordinary elevator, through narrow double doors.Passing through the doors, passengers in groups of five enter an egg-shaped compartment containing five seats and a flat floor.Eight compartments are linked to form a train, meaning that both trains have a capacity of 40, and that 80 people can be transported at one time.These compartments individually retain an appropriate level by periodically rotating every 5 degrees, which allows them to maintain the correct orientation while the entire train follows curved tracks up one leg of the arch.The trip to the top of the Arch takes four minutes, and the trip back down takes three minutes.The car doors have narrow glass panes, allowing passengers to see the interior stairways and structure of the Arch during the trip.

TRAM HAVING A SEATING FOR FIVE PEOPLE

OBSERVATION AREA Near the top of the arch, a rider exits the compartment and climbs a slight grade to enter the arched observation area.Small windows, almost invisible from the ground, allow views across the Mississippi River and southern Illinois with its prominent Mississippian culture mounds to the east at Cahokia, and the City of Saint Louis and St. Louis County to the west beyond the cityOn a clear day, one can see up to thirty miles. (48 km)

OBSERVATION AREA

INCLINED WINDOWS AT THE TOP OF THE ARCH FOR A COMPLETE VIEW

The Arch: The St. Louis Gateway Arch is in the form of an inverted catenary, which is a very stable structure that is often used in bridges, domes, and arches.