Eenady English Jan07
Transcript of Eenady English Jan07
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 1/14
≤Ú- ’- ¢√®Ωç 1 -ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «- ü¿®√¶«-ü
Hrithik: When is the meeting, exactly?
(ÅÆæ©’ O’öÀ çí˚ á°æ ¤púø ’?)Rithwik: At 5 on friday. That is the day after
(tomorrow). We've to see that nothing
goes wrong.
(¨¡Ÿvéπ¢√®Ω ç Å®·CçöÀéÀ. Åçõ‰ á©’x çúÕ. à§Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ï®Ω-í∫èπ◊çú≈ îª÷ú≈L ´’†ç)
Hrithik: So? (Å®·ûË?)Rithwik: We have to be there around one in
the afternoon.
(´’†ç Ç®ÓV ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äçöÀ-í∫çôv§ƒçûªç™ Åéπ\úø Öçú≈L).
Hrithik: Why so early?
(Åçûª ´·çü¿’í¬ áçü¿’èπ◊?)
Rithwik: Around 200 people are expected to
attend the meeting. We've to receive
them. To supervise the arrangements
we've to be there early enough.(200 ´’çC O’öÀ çí˚èπ◊ £æ …ï-®Ω- ¤-û√-®ΩEÅçîªØ√. à®√p-ôx†’ °æ®Ωu-¢ËéÀ ~çîªö«EéÀ ´’†çûªT†çûª ´·çü¿’-í¬ØË Åéπ\úø Öçú≈L.)
Hrithik: When is the chief guest due to
arrive?
(´·êu-ÅAC∑ ®√¢√-LqçüÁ°æ ¤púø ’?)(due to = Åçü¿’- ©x)His failure was due to his laziness =
ÅûªúÕ •ü¿léπç ´©x Åûªúø ’ N°∂ æ©´’-ߪ÷uúø ’.Due to Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ω n ç– àüÁ jØ√ ï®Ωí¬Lq†Ææ ’ßª’ç.The meeting is due to start in five minutes
= Ééπ Å®·ü¿’ EN’≥ƒ©èπ◊ O’öÀ çí˚ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç鬆’çC.The train due at 14.30 = Ç È®j©’ ´’üµ ∆u£æ «oç2.30 èπ◊ ®√¢√L.She is due at/ she is due to come at 10.30
= Ç¢Á’ °æC-†o-®Ωèπ◊ ®√¢√Lq ÖçC.Rithwik: He is expected to be here around
4.30 itself. He is usually punctual.
(Çߪ’† 4.30 Íé ´≤ƒh-úøE ņ’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ω’.Çߪ’† ´÷´‚-©’í¬ éπÈ®é˙d õ„j¢˛’Íé´≤ƒhúø ’.)
Hrithik: Where exactly is this conference
hall?
(Ñ Ææ ÷¢Ë ¡ç ïJÍí £æ …™¸ éπÈ®-é˙dí¬áéπ\úø ’çC?)
Rithwik: You get on my nerves, Hrithik. You
are the joint secretary and you are
irresponsible enough not to know
even that. You get on my nerves.
(†’´¤y Ææ çߪ ·éπh 鬮Ωu-ü¿-JzN, Ñ N≠æߪ’çèπÿú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’-†çûª ¶«üµ¿u-û√-®Ω-£œ«-ûªçí¬ÖØ√o´¤. Ø√èπ◊ éÓ°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤.)
Hrithik: I'm sorry. I'll be careful. Where's the
hall?(≤ƒK. Ééπ ´·çü¿’ ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ Öçö«.£æ …™„éπ\úø?)
Rithwik: This hall is above the department
store around the collectorate.
(Ñ £æ …©’ éπ™„éπd®˝ Ç°∂ ‘Æ ü¿í∫ _®Ω ’†o úÕ§ƒ-®˝d-¢Á’çö¸ ≤Úd®˝ °j† ÖçC.)
Hrithik: Isn't that the one just below the mini
conference room?
(ÅC *†o 鬆p¥È®Ø˛q £æ…©’ éÀ çü¿C éπü∆?)Rithwik: Just that. It's quite spacious. But the
problem is there isn't enough parking
place for all the cars and two wheel-
ers that may come.
(ÅüË. ¶«í¬ °ü¿lC. é¬E Ææ´’-ÊÆu-N’-ôçõ‰Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-E-éÌîËa¢√∞¡x é¬®Ω’x, Cyîªvéπ¢√£æ «Ø√©’ E©°æú≈EéÀ ûªT† ´ÆæA ™‰ü¿’.)
Hrithik: How are we getting around the problem?
(Ñ Ææ ’Ææ u†’ ᙫ ÅCµí∫N’≤ƒhç?)Rithwik: I think we can take the school
grounds nearby for the duration of the
conference.
(ü¿í∫ _®Ω ’†o Ææ÷\™¸ víıçú˛q†’ Ç é¬†p¥-È®Ø˛qÆæ ’-ߪ÷-EéÀ BÆæ ’-éӴa.)
Hrithik: Where is the chief guest from?
(Ñ ´·êu ÅAC∑ áéπ\úÕ¢√úø ’?)Rithwik: From Vizag. He lives there around
the Lawson's Bay.(Çߪ’†C ¢Á jñ«í˚. Åéπ\úø Lawson's Bay
ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤™x Öçö«úø ’.)Hrithik: Shall we go and have a look around
the place now? I mean the confer-
ence hall.
(´’†ç ¢ÁRx ã≤ƒJ Ç Ææ ÷-¢Ë ¡ v§ƒçí∫ù«Eo îª÷ü∆l ÷?)
Rithwik: Lets go. (¢Á∞¡ü∆ç °æü¿.)
´’†ç Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ lesson ™'about' Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆.ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ ÅüË Å®Ωn ç Ö†o around
Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ ç îª÷ü∆l ç.around Åçõ‰ ÅÆæ©®Ωn ç ô÷d ÅEéπü∆. ÉC ´’†çü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æœ† Å®Ω n ç.There is a wall around the gar-
den = Ç ûÓô ô÷d íÓúø ÖçC.The fence around the field prevents cattle from
entering it =
Ç §Ò©ç ô÷d Ö†o éπçîÁ °æ ¡Ÿ- ¤-©†’ ™°æLéÀ®√èπ◊çú≈ E®ÓCµÆæ’hçC.
Å®·ûË around †’ about èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬ ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ ÅØËÅ®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω ’.a) He came here around 2 o'clock =
Åûªúø ’ ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ È®çúÕ çöÀéÌî√aúÕéπ\úÕéÀ.b) Around three hundred people gathered in
the place =
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ´‚úÌçü¿-©´’çC Åéπ\úø í∫’N’-í∫÷-ú≈®Ω’.
Around Åçõ‰ Ç îª’ô’d°æéπ\©/ Åô’-¢Á j°æ ¤/ Ç ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤© ÅØË Å®Ωn ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.a) He lives somewhere around the bus station=
Åûª†’ bus station ü¿í∫ _®Ω Öçö«úø ’/ ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤™xÖçö«úø ’.
b) Her office is somewhere around the post
office =
Ç¢Á’ office post office ü¿í∫ _È®-éπ\úÓ ÖçC.Kumud: Who are you looking for?
(á´J-éÓÆæ ç îª÷Ææ ’h-Ø√o´¤?/ ¢Áü¿’-èπ◊ûª’-Ø√o´¤?)Sudhir: For Sakuntala. (¨¡èπ◊çûª© éÓÆæ ç)Kumud: She was around here half an hour
ago. Don't know where she is now.
(Å®Ω-í∫ çô éÀçü¿ Ééπ\úË/ Ñ ü¿J-ü∆°æ ¤™ÖçC. É°æ ¤-úÁéπ\úø ’çüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.)
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, around Åçõ‰ äéπ v°æüË ¡ç™/ v°æüË ¡çü¿í∫ _®Ω ÅØË Å®Ω nçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø a.Get around: DEE conversation ™ î√™« ≤ƒüµ ∆®Ωùçí¬ ¢√úø ’-ûª’çö«®Ω ’. äéπ Ææ ’-Ææuèπ◊ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ω ç éπ†’-éÓ\´ôç é¬F/ äéπ Ææ ’-Ææ u†’ ûª°œ pçîªôç ÅE é¬FÅ®Ωn ç.a) We can get around most of the problems in
the country by population control =
ïØ√¶µ « Eߪ’çvûªù´©x üË ¡ Ææ ’-Ææ u-©†’ î√™«´’-ô’èπ◊ ÅCµí∫N’çîª îª’a / (ü˨¡ Ææ ’-Ææ u-©èπ◊)°æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éπ†’-éÓ\´îª’a.
b) (It is) difficult to get around the p
age problem =
Nü¿’uû˝ éÌ®Ωûª Ææ´’Ææu-†’ °æJ-≠æ\JçÆæ ’©¶µ ºç é¬ü¿’.
Go around Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωn ç ô÷d Aa) If the door is locked, you'll have to
the side of the house =
ûª©’°æ ¤ û√∞¡ç ¢ËÆœ Öçõ‰ °æéπ\†´Ææ’hçC.
b) If you go around the house, you
be suspected =
ÉçöÀ ô÷d AJT ¢Á∞¡Ÿûª’çõ‰ E†’o ´îª’a.ÉN ´÷´‚©’í¬ conversation
around èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô©’. ÉNO’ conversation simple í¬, Ææ£æ «ïçí¬Now look at the following sentenc
conversation at the beginning of t
1. We've (we have) to be there aro
the afternoon =
ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ äçöÀí∫çôèπ◊/ äçöÀí∫ çô v§ƒçÅéπ\úø Öçú≈L.
2. Around 200 people are expectethe meeting =
ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ 200 ´’çC Ææ ÷-¢Ë »-EéÀ ®√´3. He is expected to be here a
itself =
Çߪ’† Ééπ\úÕéÀ 4.30, Ç v§ƒçûª ç™ 4. He lives around the Lawson's Ba
Çߪ’† Lawson's Bay ü¿í∫ _®Ω Öçö«úø5. Shall we have a look around
now?=
Ç v°æüË »Eo (Æ涵 « v§ƒçí∫ù«Eo) ã≤ƒü∆ü∆°æ ¤, ü¿í∫ _®Ω, ô’d°æéπ\© ÅØË Å®Ωn ç¢√úÕ†-îÓô™«x about ¢√úø a.
Exercise:
Write as many sentences as y
on the following pattern
Subject + verb + 'wh' word +
He knows why
Ñ pattern ™ ´’®Ó example îª÷úø çSub + verb + 'wh' word +
She explained how she fou
Sentence 1) Å®Ωn ç: ØËE-éπ\-úÁç-ü¿’-èπ◊-Ø√oØÓûÁ©’Ææ’.
2) ü∆J ᙫ éπ†’-èπ◊\çüÓ Ç¢Á’ N´Jç–
Ççí∫ x ¶µ «- ≠æù 253Ççí∫ x ¶µ «-≠æù
v °æ ¡ o: I. Present perfect continuous tense ™ questions îË ÊÆ véπ´’ç™ Ñ v°æ¨¡o©†’ ᙫ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ ©°æí∫ ©®Ω’.
What have you done all nights?
What have you been done all nights?
What have been you done in nights?
°j ¢√öÀ ™ àC ÆæÈ®jçC?II. I watched Rama load the gun to load.
I saw her open the letter to open.
OöÀ Å®√n™‰ N’öÀ ? ≤ÚpéπØ˛ ÉçTx≠ ™ OöÀ Ö°æßÁ ÷-í¬Eo N´Jçîª çúÕ.
– Åçûª öÀ °çîª ©ßª ’u, ®√ïçÊ°ô. ï- ¢√- •’: I. What have you done all nights?
Ñ question ™ØË verb have you done, present
perfect tense ™ ÖçC. Å®·ûË all nights
ņo-°æ ¤púø ’ Å®Ωn ç ÆæJ-í¬®√ü¿’.What have you done all the night? (®√vûª çû√àç îË »´¤?) ÅØÁ jØ√, what have you done all the
nights? (ÅEo ®√vûª’©÷ É°æpöÀ ®Ωèπ◊ àç îË »´¤?)ÅØÁ jØ√ Å®Ωn ç ´Ææ’hçC.
What have you been done all nights? -Éçü¿’-™E verb, have you been done, present per-
fect tense, é¬E, voice passive. Åçü¿’- ©x Å®Ω n 熒¢Ë yç îËߪ’-•-ú≈f ¤? ÅE Å®Ωn ç ™‰E sentence Å´¤-ûÓçC. í∫’®Ω’hç-éÓçúÕ– verb, be form + past par-
ticiple Å®·ûË voice passive. Ééπ\úø have been
- 'be' form; done (past participle) - 鬕öÀ d, verb,
passive - ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωn ç®√ü¿’.II. I watched Rama load the gun - ÉC correct
sentence - Rama gun load îËߪ’ôç îª÷¨»†’ÅE. ´’Sx to load Åçõ‰ Å®Ω n癉ü¿’. Å°æ ¤p-úøCsentence Å´ü¿’.I saw her open the letter to open - I saw her
open the letter (Ç¢Á’ letter open îËߪ’ôçîª÷¨»†’ ÅE) Åçõ‰ î√©’-í∫ü∆? ´’Sx to open
repeat îËߪ’ôç áçü¿’èπ◊? Å®Ω n ç®√ü¿’.
v °æ ¡ o: 1. ''ÂÆjéÀ ™¸ ûÌéπ\úø ç Ø√ ´©x é¬ü¿’—— (ÂÆjéÀ xçí˚ ´îª’a, é¬E ûª °œ pçîª ’-éÓ´ú≈EéÀ )
2. ''F´¤ ÂÆjéÀ ™¸ ûÌÍé\ôôx®·ûË ØË †’ ´≤ƒh†’——.Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx≠ ™ ᙫ ÅØ√™ ûÁ ©°æí∫ ©®Ω ’.
– XE¢√Æˇ îÁ ©, í∫ ’çô÷®Ω ’
-ï- ¢√- •’: 1. I won't pedal/ I can't pedal.2. If you pedal/ If you are willing to pedal,
I'll come/ go with you/ accompany you.
cycle ûÌéπ\ôç = pedal/ cycle
v °æ ¡ o: So, very, too °æü∆©†’ á°æ ¤púø ’, ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ ©°æí∫ ©®Ω’. You are very late. You are so
late . You are too late . ´‚úø ÷ äéπõ‰ Ø√?– ¨»N’L, éÌûª÷h®Ω ’, Xé¬- π◊∞¡ç.
-ï- ¢√- •’: So Åçõ‰ áçûÓ ÅE. you are so good =
†’´¤y/ O’®Ω’ áçûÓ ´’ç*¢√-úÕN/ ü∆EN/ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅEÅ®Ωn ç. American English ™ î√™« ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«®Ω’.eg: Thank you so much. (O’ÈéçûÓ thanks)
Very Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ ÅE éπü∆.He is a good man = Åûªúø ’ ´’ç*¢√úø ’
She is a very beautiful girl =
Ç¢Á’ î√™« Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t®·.Too Åçõ‰ ÅA. àüÁ jØ√ too Åçõ‰, ÅC
Ææ®Ω-¢Á’i†-ü∆E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ÅE, Åçéπçõ‰ éÃúË ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çü¿E.
a) It is very bad = ÅC î√™« îÁúø ’ –
It is too bad = ÅC ÅA îÁúø ’ – ¶µ ºb) The doctor's fee is high/ ve
Doctor BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË fee áèπ◊\´/ î√Å®·Ø√ ´’†ç Çߪ’† ü¿í∫ _®Ω ¢Á jü¿éӴa.The doctor's fee is too high =
Çߪ’† fee ´’K áèπ◊\´ (´’†ç °Çߪ’† ü¿í∫ _®Ω ´’†ç ¢Á jü¿uç îË®·çîªvery, so, too ©’ Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’î√™«≤ƒ®Ω ’x N´Jçî√ç. îª÷úø çúÕ.you are so late - †’¢Á yçûÓ °∂ æ®Ω¢√-™‰ü¿’.you are too late - †’´¤y ´’K Ç©Ææ – ï®Ω-í¬Lq† °æE Éçéπ ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’. Fèπ◊
We have to be there around ..
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–
í’®Ω ’- ¢√®Ωç 4 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j«ü¿ ®√¶«ü˛
Pranaya: Well, how did the inter collegiate debate contest go
yesterday?
(E†o Åçûª®˝ éπ∞«¨»©© debate §Úöà ᙫ ïJ-TçC?)Vismaya: It went off very well. We had an exciting time. The
judges had a tough time picking up the prize winners.
(î√™« ¶«í¬ ïJ-TçC. î√™« Öûª’qéπûª éπL-Tç*çC. •£æ ›´’A Èí©’îª’èπ◊ØË¢√-∞¡x†’ E®Ωg®·çîªôç Ø√uߪ’-E-Í®gûª©èπ◊ éπ≠æ d ç
Å®·uçC.)Pranaya: The results? (°∂æL-û√©’?)Vismaya: As expected. Our college team won the best team prize.
(ņ’-èπ◊†oõ‰ d. ´÷ College team Öûª h´’ ïô’d •£æ›´’AÈí©’--èπ◊çC.)
Pranaya: Aren't you a member of your college team? I know
you are. Congrats. I'm really happy.
(O’ college team ™ †’´¤y member é¬ü∆? †’´¤y mem-
ber ÅE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ææ çûÓ
≠æ çí¬ ÖçC.)Vismaya: I got the best speaker award too.
(Ø√èπ◊ Öûª h´’ ´éπh •£æ ›´’A èπÿú≈ ´*açC.)Pranaya: Hei, that's fine. Congrats again. That's great news.
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. ´’Sx congrats. ÅC íÌ°æ p N≠æߪ’¢Ë ’)Vismaya: I may tell you too that this is the third time in a row
that I got the best speaker award.
(ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒpL. ؈’ Öûªh´’ ´éπh •£æ›´’A§Òçü¿ôç ÉC ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ ´‚úÓ≤ƒJ.)
Pranaya: That's fantastic. I am really delighted. Keep it up.
(î√™« Åü¿’s¥ûª ç. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ç†çü¿çí¬ ÖçC. É™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-Tç.)
Vismaya: Not I'm proud of it, but since my debut three years
ago, I've been getting some prize or the other in
which ever debate contest I spoke.
(Åçõ‰ í∫®Ωyçí¬ îÁ°æ ¤p-éÓ´ôç é¬ü¿’-í¬F, ´‚úË∞¡x éÀ çü¿ô ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-Jí¬ §ƒ™Ô_†o°æpöÀ †’ç* ؈’ ´÷ö«xúÕ† v°æA §ÚöÃ
™†÷ àüÓ äéπ •£æ ›´’A Èí©’--èπ◊çô÷ØË ÖØ√o.)debut - î√™« Ö°æßÁ ÷-í∫éπ®Ω-¢Á’i† ´÷ô, î√™« Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø ’-ûª’çö«ç. DE pronunciation È®çúø ’ ´‚úø ’ ®Ω鬩’í¬ Öçô’çC.1) úÁß˝’•÷u – 'úÁ— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç2) úÁ•÷u – 'úÁ— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç3) úÁß˝’•÷u – '•÷u— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.4) úÕ•÷u – '•÷u— ØÌéÀ \ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.Å®Ωn ç: éπ∞«é¬®Ω’© ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·ü¿öÀ v°æü¿-®Ω z†/ ®Ωçí∫ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç. †ô’©’,Ø√ôuçîËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx, véÃú≈é¬®Ω ’© ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·-ü¿öÀ v°æü¿-®Ω z†/ Å®ΩçÍívôç.
Pranaya: Really? That's most encouraging, I must say. Keep it up.
(Å´¤Ø√? î√™« v§Úû√q£æ «éπ®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. Å™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-Tç.)Vismaya: Oh, thank you so much.
Pranaya: At this rate you are on your way to being a great
speaker.
(ÉüËB®Ω’ é̆-≤ƒ-TûË †’¢Óy íÌ°æ p speaker í¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω- ¤-û√´¤.)Vismaya: I'm not so sure of that, but I shall at least be good at
communication when I enter a career.
(ÅüË¢Á ÷ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’, é¬F àüÁ jØ√ ÖüÓuí∫ ç, ´%Ah™ v°æ¢ËPç*†-°æ ¤púø ’ communication ™ ØË®Ω’pçô’çC.)
Communication skills are important for any career now. (É°æ ¤púø ’à career ™ØÁ jØ√ communication skills ´·êuç. career - pron.
éπKߪ’/ éπJ – 'éπ— ØÌéÀ \°æ©’èπ◊û√ç – ´%Ah, ÖüÓu-í¬©’)Pranaya: That's good. When you speak next time, let me know.
I am eager to listen to you at a debate competition at
the earliest opportunity.
(´’ç*C. Ñ≤ƒJ ´÷ö«xúËô°æ ¤púø ’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ®Ω ’. Ñ≤ƒJ¢Á çôØË ´îË a Ŵ鬨¡ç™ F speech NØ√-©E Çvûª çí¬ ÖØ√o.)
Vismaya: I will.
Pranaya: OK, bye.
Ñ Ææ 綵 «≠æù™ ´’†ç í∫´’Eç*çC– NÆæ tߪ’ v°æA¶µ º†’ v°æùߪ’†’ ÅGµ†çCçîªúøç, v§Úûª q£œ «çîªúøç (congratulating and encouraging). ÅçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ 'at' preposition ¢√úøéπç. NNüµ ¿ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥©èπ◊ ûªT† expres-
sions English ™ ¢ËÍ®y-®Ω’í¬ Öçö«®·.
In the conversation above- ûª†’ Èí©’--èπ◊†o prize N≠æߪ’ç NÆæ tߪ’îÁ°œ p†-°æ ¤púø ’ v°æùߪ’ ÅGµ†çCÆæ÷h ņo ´÷ô©’ îª÷ü∆l ç:a) Congrats. I am really happy.b) Hei, that's fine. congrats again.
c) That's fantastic. d) I am really delighted.
e) Keep it up. f) Really? that's most encouraging, I must say.
ÅGµ†çCçîªôç: Congratulating.
á´È®jØ√ àüÁ jØ√ ≤ƒCµ ç*†-°æ¤púø’, ´’†ç ü∆Eo í∫ ’Jç* î√™« Ææ çûÓ≠æ°æúø f°æ ¤púø ’, ≤ƒCµ ç*†¢√-JE ÅGµ†çCçîªö«EéÀ, Congrats Åçö«ç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰°æ‹Jh ´÷ôí¬ congratulations Åçö«ç.Congrats/ Congratulations ûª®√yûª on ÅØË preposition ¢√úøû√ç.Congrats for ÅØËC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.é¬Ææh formal í¬ ÅØËô°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË expressions:
1) Let me congratulate you on ...2) Accept my congratulation on ...
3) Please accept my congratulations on ...
4) Do accept my congratulation on ...
*†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx ûª ’-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ °j Nüµ ¿çí¬ congratulations îÁ•’-û√®Ω’.Éçé¬ formal í¬ Å®·ûË–May I congratulate you on ...
Allow me to offer my congratulations on ...
ÉçéÌçîÁ ç effectiveí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ heartiest/ warmest congratulation
Åçö«ç.
¶«í¬ ’- ¤†o¢√∞¡x†÷, ´’†-éπçõ‰ *†o-¢√-∞¡x†’ ÅGµ†çCçîË Nüµ∆†ç:a) Hei, Congrats.
b) Congrats on your excellent performance/ achievement/ dis-
tinction.
c) Congrats. Keep it up. d) That's splendid, congrats.
ÅGµ†çü¿-†-ûÓ§ƒô’ v§Úûª q£œ «çîªö«EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’ É™« Öçö«®·.a) Nice/ fantastic/ terrific b) That's really great of you
c) Happy to hear that d) It makes me very happy to hear that
e) I appreciate that
f) I wonder if at your age, I could've done as well.
(F ´ßª’-Ææ’™ ؈’ †’´¤y îËÆœ†çûª/ ≤ƒCµ ç*†çûª ≤ƒCµ çîªí∫©¢√-úÕØ√/ü∆EØ√ ÅE ņ’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o.)
Ææ çü¿-®Ω s¥¨¡Ÿ-Cl ¥í¬ °j ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕûË ´’† conversation î√™« ¶«í∫’çô’çC.É¢Ë ¢√ú≈©E rule àç ™‰ü¿’. Ææ çü¿-®√s¥EéÀ ûªT†ô’x à ´÷õ„ jØ√ ¢√úø a.Éçé¬ É™«èπÿú≈ ņ- a.a) You're doing fine; you can do even better: î√™« ¶«í∫’çC, Éçé¬
¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ îËߪ’-í∫-©´¤.b) Lovely/ wonderful c) Come on, go ahead. (¶«í∫’çC, é¬Fß˝’)d) Go on! Keep at it! (†’´¤y îËÊÆC ¶«í¬ØË ÖçC. é̆-≤ƒ-Tç.)e) That makes me very glad.
f) I wish I could do as well. (؈çûª ¶«í¬ îËߪ’í∫LTûË áçûª ¶«í∫’çúËC!)
ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËÊÆh ´’† conversation ™ ¶µ «í∫¢Á’i ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’èπ◊çú≈ØË correct í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
É°æ ¤púø ’ at ûÓ ´îË a éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.1. At this rate - Ñ Nüµ ¿çí¬ Å®·ûË, Ñ °æJ-Æœ nûª’™x, É™«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûËa) At this rate, it will take another decade for India to be totally
literate = v°æÆæ’hûª/ Ñ °æJ-Æœnûª’™x/ É°æ¤púø ’ Ñ °æJ-Æœ nûª’™x/ É™«Íí é̆-≤ƒTûË, ¶µ «®Ωû˝ °æ ‹Jhí¬ Åéπ~-®√-Ææ uûª §Òçü¿-ö«EéÀ ÉçéÓ °æüË∞¡Ÿx °æúø ’-ûª’çC.decade - úÁÈé-ß˝’ú˛ – °æüË∞¡x 鬩çLiterate = LôJö¸ – Åéπ~-®√-Ææ’uúø ’/ Åéπ~-®√-Ææ ’u-™„j†
b) This is how he studies. If he continues at this rate, I wonder
if he will pass. = ÉD Oúø ’ îªü¿- ôç/ îªC¢Ë B®Ω ’. É™« é̆-≤ƒ-TûË,
ÅÆæ©’ pass Å´¤-û√ú≈ ÅØËC Ææ çüË£æ «¢Ë ’.2. Good at, bad at, etc. äéπ N≠æߪ’ç™ íÌ°æ p Å®·ûË, good at,
great at, clever at, smart at, etc Åçö«ç.a) Tendulkar is good at bating = ¶«í¬ bat îË≤ƒhúø ’b) She is clever at maths = Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ™„éπ\©’ ¶«í¬ ´îª’a.c) They are great at medicine = ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¢Á jü¿uç ¶«í¬ ´îª’a/ ¢Á jü¿u
®Ωçí∫ ç™ íÌ°æp¢√®Ω’.bad at - °j ¢√öÀéÀ ´uAÍ®éπç.
a) He is bad at maths = ÅûªúÕéÀ í∫ùÀûªç ®√ü¿’b) They are bad at dancing = ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Ø√ôuç ®√ü¿’.
EXERCISE
Practise as many sentences on the following as possible.
a) The earlier you start, the better.
(†’´¤y áçûª ûª y®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üËJûË Åçûª ´’ç*C)b) The harder you work, the better are your chances of success.
(áçûª éπ≠æ d°æúÕ °æE-îËÊÆh, Nï-ߪ÷-´é¬¨»©’ Åçûª ¶«í∫’çö«®·.)
Hei, Congrats.
-v °æ ¨¡ o: I. Teacher won't have their children play in the
Teacher won't let their children play in the ra
Teacher won't get their children to play in th
°j ´‚úÕ çöÀéÀ Å®√n©’, ¶µ ‰ü∆©†’ N´Jçîªí∫©®Ω’.II. He will not have me doing any job =
Çߪ’† ''Ø√îËûª à °æE îË®·çîªE- yúø ’.——''Çߪ’† ††’o à °æE îËÆæ ’-éÓE- yúø ’.—— Ñ È®çúÕ çöÀ™ à
III. O’®Ω ’ äéπJ-îËûª äéπ°æE îË®·ç-éÌØË N≠æߪ’ç™ make,
Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tçî√®Ω’. Ñ ´‚úÕ çöÀ Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ ç î√™« í∫ÖçC. Ñ ´‚úÕ çöÀ ´’üµ¿u ¶µ ‰ü∆Eo, à Ææ çü¿-®Ωs¥ ç™ Ö°æÅ®Ωn´’-ßË ’u™« N´Jçîªí∫-©®Ω’.
IV. I will get to know
I will get him to know. Å®Ωn ç, ¶µ‰ü¿ç ûÁ©°æ çúÕ.
– ®Ω N, N’®√u©í∫ ÷úø , †™
ï- ¢√•’:I. Teacher won't have their children play in the rain.
¢Á ·ü¿öÀ N≠æߪ’ç: Ééπ\úø 'Teacher' countable singular
ü∆E´·çü¿’, 'A' é¬E 'The' é¬F éπ*aûª çí¬ Öçú≈L. È®çúÓchildren ÅE ÖçC éπü∆– Their Åçõ‰ á´J children
clear í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’úø 癉ü¿’ 鬕öÀ d the children Åçõ‰ (Ææ çCí∫ l ¥ ç) Öçúøü¿’.
1. The teacher won't have the children play in the
°œ©x©’ ´®Ω ç™ Çúø ’-éÓ´ôç Ç¢Á’-éÀ≠æ d 癉ü¿’/ Ç¢Á’ ä°æ ¤p°œ©xLo ´®Ω ç™ Çúø ’-éÓE- yü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωn ç. OöÀ™ àBÆæ’-éӴa. Çúø’-éÓE- yü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωn ç áèπ◊\´ Ææ’p¥J-Ææ ’h
2. The teacher won't let the children play in the
Teacher °œ©xLo ´®Ω ç™ Çúø ’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ ņ’- ’-AÇúø ’-éÓE- yü¿’ ÅE Å®Ωn ç.
3. The teacher won't get the children to play in
DEéÀ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωn ç teacher °œ©xLo ´®Ω ç™ ÇúøE-Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ ¶µ «´ç ûÁ©§ƒ©†’-èπ◊†o-°æ ¤púø ’ get †Tçîª ç.
àüÁ jØ√ á´J-îËûªØÁ jØ√ îË®·çî√®Ω’ ÅØË positive Å®Ωn ç¢√úøû√ç.
II. Çߪ’† ††’o à °æF îËÆæ’-éÓE-´yúø ’ = He doesn't let m
work/ He doesn't allow me to do any work. ûÁ©’-í∫'à °æE îË®·çîªE- yúø ’—èπ◊ 'îËÆæ ’éÓE´yúø ’—èπ◊ Å®Ωn ç™ î√™« éπ∫ü∆.He will not have me doing any job Åçõ‰ Çߪ’†îËÆæ’-éÓE-´yúø ’ ÅØË Å®Ω n ç ®√ü¿’. Ø√îËûª à °æF îË®·çîªúø ’ ´Ææ ’hçC.
III. He makes her clean the room everyday =
Ç¢Á’ îËûª í∫C ¨¡Ÿv¶µ ºç îË®·≤ƒhúø ’.
(Ç¢Á’èπ◊ É≠æ d ç ™‰éπ§Ú-®·Ø√ – Ç¢Á’ É≥ƒdE≥ƒd©ûÓ EN’ûªhçHe has her clean the room everyday = Roo
clean îË®·≤ƒhúø ’ = He makes her clean the room
È®çúø ÷ äéπõ‰.He gets her to clean the room = Ç¢Á’†’ °œL-°œ ç* ro
îË®·çî√úø’. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ç °æE-îËߪ’ôç É≠æ d ç Öçúø a.He got a near by mechanic to repair the fan = F
îË®·çîªö«EéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o mechanic †’ °œL-°œ ç-èπ◊Erepair îË®·çî√úø ’.
IV. I will get to know = ؈’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌçö«†’/ ᙫíÓûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çö«†’/ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.I will get him to know = ¢√úÕéÀ ûÁL-ÊÆ-ôô’x îË≤ƒh†°æ-®Ω’-≤ƒh†’ (Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬).
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 254Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 3/14
¨¡E- ¢√®Ωç 6 -ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü
Prabhav: What's happened to you all these
days? (You're) not to be seen at all.
(ÉEo ®ÓV©÷ à´’-ߪ÷u´¤ †’´¤y?/à¢Á’içC Fèπ◊? – ÉC ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÅçûªÆæÈ®j† °æ©éπJç°æ ¤ ´÷ôé¬ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ éπE-°œ çîªúø 癉ü¿’)
Vibhav: (I've) been very much here only. I've
been very busy preparing for myCivils.
(Ééπ\úË ÖØ√o†’. ÆœN™¸qèπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω- ¤ûª÷BJ-éπ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o†’. Åçûªéπçõ‰ à癉ü¿’.)
Ééπ\úø only,Åçõ‰ the only thing is èπ◊ shortform.
Å®Ωn ç – Åçûªéπçõ‰ à癉ü¿’ – ÅE. Civils = Civil
services exams = IAS, IPS ´çöÀ °æK-éπ~©’.
Prabhav: Meeting you, though after a long
time, makes me very happy. Let's
celebrate our meeting. (Would you)
care for some snacks and coffee inany eatery nearby?
(E†’o î√™«é¬©ç ûª®√yûª®·Ø√ éπ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ´ôç Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. ´’† éπ©®·-éπ†’ °æ çúøí¬_ îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ü¿í∫ _®Ω ’†o °∂橣慮Ω- »-©™ àüÁ jØ√ AE 鬰∂ ‘ û√í∫ôçÉ≠æ d¢Ë ’Ø√?)
celebrate (an occasion) = àüÁ jØ√ Ææ çûÓ≠æéπ®Ω-¢Á’i†Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ¢Ëúø ’-éπí¬ E®Ω y£œ «ç-éÓ´úø ç.
Vibhav: That'd be really nice and I am hungry
too. Let's see where we can find a
good restaurant.
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC, Ø√èπ◊ ÇéπLí¬ èπÿú≈ÖçC. ´’ç* È®≤ƒdÈ®çö¸ áéπ\úø ÖçüÓîª÷ü∆l ç.)
Prabhav: What'd (What would) you like to eat?
This place is good for poori. Nothingto beat its hot, puffed up poories with
potato curry to go with it.
(àç AØ√-©†’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o´¤? Ñ È®≤ƒdÈ®çö¸™ °æ ‹J î√™« ¶«í∫ ’çô’çC.¢ËúÕí¬, §ÒçT† °æ ‹K©’, ü∆EéÀ Dõ„j†•çí¬∞«ü¿’ç°æ èπÿ®Ωèπ◊ Ææ ÷†ç àD-™‰ü¿’)
Vibhav: Then Let's have it. That's something
after my heart.
(ÅC BÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÅC Ø√éÀ≠æ d ç.)After my heart = Ø√éÀ≠æ d¢Á’i çC.something after his heart = ÅûªúÕéÀ É≠æ d¢Á’i çC.
Prabhav: By the way, now that we've met let
me tell you this. Some of us are plan-
ning a trip to Ajanta. Why don't you
join us?
Vibhav: Oh, that's really fine. I am reallydelighted. When is this trip to be?
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çC. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. á°æ ¤púŒ v°æߪ÷ùç?)
Prabhav: The first week of next month.
Angiras is looking after the reserva-
tions and other arrangements.
(´îË a ØÁ© ¢Á ·ü¿-öÀ¢√®Ωç. ÇçU®ΩÆ, reser-
vations, N’í∫û√ ´u´£æ …®√©’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√oúø ’.)
Vibhav: Thank you for the chance of some
nice time.
(Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úÕÊ° Ææ ’-ߪ÷Eo éπLpç*†çü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ ü∑ ∆çé˙q.)
NNüµ ¿ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úË standard expressions
îª÷Ææ ’hØ√oç éπü∆. éÀ çü¿öÀ lesson ™ ÅGµ†çCçîªö«EéÀ(congratulate) èπ◊, v§Úûª q£œ «çîªö«EéÀ (encourag-
ing) èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† expressions ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.Ñ≤ƒJ ´’†ç äéπJE üËE-ÈéjØ√ °œ©´ö«EéÀ/ Ç£æ …y
Eçîªö«EéÀ, Åçü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æ ç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰Æœ °œ©’-°æ¤†’Åçü¿’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ ¢√úË expressions ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
äéπJE °œ©´ö«EéÀ/ Ç£æ …yEçîªö«EéÀ ¢√úË stan-
dard expressions:
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ’´‹, Ææyûª çvûª ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡x†’ °œ©´ö«EéÀ, Åçõ‰ ´’†ç informal í¬ ÖçúË
¢√-∞¡x†’ °œL-îË çü¿’èπ◊ (Ç£æ …yEçîË çü¿’èπ◊) ¢√úË expres-sions èπÿ, ´’†ç Åçûª Ææyûª çvûª ç, ’´¤ BÆæ ’-éÓ™‰E,´’®√uü¿ ¶«í¬ îª÷§ƒLq† Åçõ‰ formal Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x¢√úË expressions èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. ÅN¢Ë®Ω÷, ÉN ¢Ë®Ω÷. ¢Á ·ü¿ô ´’†ç Ææ yûª çvûª ç BÆæ’-éÓí∫-LT,’- ¤í¬ Ö†o-¢√∞¡x N≠æߪ’ç™, Åçõ‰ informal situ-
ation ™ ¢√úË expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.
1. How about/ What about. ÉC î√™« informal
í¬ invite îËߪ’-ö«EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç. ’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ’´¤Ö†o¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¢√úË expressions ÉN.
a) How about joining us for a picnic?´÷ûÓ °œéÀ oé˙Íé´’Ø√o ´≤ƒh¢√?
b) What about (making it to) a dinner tomor-
row?
Í®°æ ¤ úÕ†o®˝èπ◊ ´≤ƒh¢√?/ ®√èπÿúøü¿÷? (ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈ ®√ ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæÈ®j†Ç£æ …y†ç ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ úÕ†o®˝èπ◊ ´≤ƒh¢√? ņçéπü∆. úÕ†o-®˝èπ◊ ®√ ÅØËüË ÆæÈ®j† °œ©’°æ ¤. é¬FEnglish ™ How about (´îËa-ü¿’ç-ü∆/´≤ƒh¢√? ņôç) î√™« common.)
2. Why don't you ...? ÉC èπÿú≈ î√™« informal
invitation èπ◊ ¢√úË expression.
a) Why don't you attend my sister's birthday
party coming Friday?
´îË a ¨¡Ÿvéπ¢√®Ω ç ´÷ sister °æ ¤öÀd†-®ÓV party éÀáçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿúøü¿’? (Åçõ‰ '®Ω ’tE— Å®Ωn ç)
b) Why don't you make it for tea tomorrowevening?
Í®°æ ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç ´÷ Éçöx tea BÆæ’èπ◊ØË çü¿’èπ◊®√.
3. Please ... ÉC éÌClí¬ formal. Åçõ‰ ´’†çÅçûªí¬ ’´¤ BÆæ ’-éÓ™‰E ´uèπ◊h-©ûÓ ´u´£æ «JçîËô°æ ¤púø ’, ¢√∞¡x†’ °œL-îË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË °æü¿ç.a) Please come home for a party tomorrow
evening.
Í®°æ ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç ´÷ Éçöx §ƒKdéÀ ®ΩçúÕ/ ®Ω´’tEéÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç.
b) Please make it to the function. Don't fail.
ûª°æ péπ ®ΩçúÕ function èπ◊.Å™«Íí ´’J-éÌçîÁ ç formal í¬ Ç£æ…yEçîªôç:
4. Would you mind/ Would you care to/
Would you like to ... ?
a) Would you mind attending a small func-tion at the Taj tomorrow?
Í®°æ ¤ Taj Hotel ™ ïJÍí *†o function èπ◊ûª°æ p-éπ®Ω çúÕ.(ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç – ´îËaçü¿’Íé´’Ø√o Ŷµºuç-ûª®ΩçÖçü∆? ÅE.)mind = (´·êuçí¬ question form ™/ not
ûÓ) Ŷµ ºuçûª®Ωç.b) Would you mind telling me your name? =
O’ Ê°®Ω’ îÁ§ƒh®√? (Ŷµ ºuçûª®Ω´÷?)c) (Would you) mind my sitting here? =
ØËE-éπ\úø èπÿ®Óa´î√a? (O’é𶵠ºuçûª®Ω´÷?)d) Hope you don't mind my saying this =
ØËF ´÷ô Åçõ‰ O’Íé Ŷµºuçûª®Ω ç ™‰ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«/O’Í®- ’-†’-éÓ®Ω-†’èπ◊çö«.
e) If you don't mind =
O’èπ◊ Ŷµ ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰éπ§ÚûË/O’Í®- ’-†’-éÓéπ§ÚûË
5. Éçé¬ formal invitation - ¶«í¬´’®√uü¿ °æ ‹®Ωyéπ¢Á’i† °œ©’-°æ ¤©’:a) We should/ We'd like to
have the pleasure of your
company/ presence at the meeting
tomorrow =
O’®Ω’ Í®°æ ¤ meeting èπ◊ ûª°æ péπ ®√¢√-©E ´÷éÓJéπ. (ÉC î√™« íı®Ω-´°æ ‹®Ωyéπçí¬ °œ©´ôç –£æ «Ùü∆™/ ´ßª’-Ææ ’q™/ ≤Úh´’-ûª™ ´’†-éπØ√o °ü¿l¢√-JE É™« °œ©’≤ƒhç.)
b) We should/ We'd (We would) be highly
delighted if you could attend the func-
tion =
O’®Ω’ function èπ◊ ®√í∫L-TûË ´÷èπ◊ ÅN’-û√-†çü¿ç. ûª°æ p-éπ®Ω çúÕ.
ÉO formal and informal invitations (Ç£æ …yØ√©’ –’- ¤†o¢√∞¡xûÓ/ ™‰E¢√∞¡xûÓ) èπ◊ ¢√úË standard
expressions. ÉN ¶«í¬ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
EXERCISE
Practise the following aloud in English
îµ √ߪ ’: ´÷ߪ÷, Í®°æ ¤ Ø√ °æ¤öÀ d†-®Óñ‰. ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈ ®√.´÷ߪ ’: éπ*aûª çí¬ ´≤ƒh. Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hçC.îµ √ߪ ’: O’ Å¢Á’t-éπ\úø? Ç¢Á’†’ èπÿú≈ °œ©¢√-©†’çC.´÷ߪ ’: Ééπ\úË ÖçC. îÁ°æ ¤p.îµ √ߪ ’: Aunty, (ÉC ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’.)
O’®Ω ÷´ÊÆh Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æ ç.´÷ߪ ’ûªLx: ûª°æ péπ ®√¢√-©ØË ÖçC, é¬E ·êu-¢Á’i† °æE
ÖçC Í®°æ¤. ´÷ߪ’ ´Ææ’hçC™‰.îµ √ߪ ’: ´÷ߪ’ ´÷ ÉçöxØË ®√vAéÀ ÖçúÕ§ÚûË O’Íéç
Ŷµ ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?´÷ߪ ’ûªLx: Å™«Íí.
ANSWER
Chaya: Tomorrow is my birth day. Do come.Maya: I'll certainly make it. I remembered
your birthday.
Chaya: Where's you mom. I'd like to invite her
too.
Maya: There she is. Tell her.
Chaya: (to Maya's mother) I'd be delighted/
pleased/ happy if you could attend my
birthday party.
Maya's mother: I'd like to, very much, but I've
some work. Maya will be there.
Chaya: (Would you) mind if Maya stays at my
place/ with me for the night?
Maya's mother: It's OK.
Ççí∫ x ¶µ «- ≠æù 255Ççí∫ x ¶µ «-≠æù
Hope you don't mind ..INVITATIONS
Informal Formal
1) How about/
What about
2) Why don't you ...?/
Why can't you ... ?
3) Do come for ...
4) I'd like you to ...
5) We'd like you to ...
1) Would you like to ...
2) We'd like to have
the pleasure of ...
3) Please ...
4) Please do us the
favour of ...
5) We'd like to have
the
6) Would you mind ...?
7) Hope you don't
mind ...
v °æ ¡ o: 1. It was due to his careless, h
Owing to his careless, he
°j ¢√é¬u™x due to, owing to Å®Ω nç N2. Hardly did the peon ring the bel
boys left to the class.
Scarcely did the peon ring the
the boys left to the class.
°j ¢√é¬u™xE Hardly, Scarcely ÅÖü∆£æ «®Ω-ù©ûÓ N´Jçîª í∫ ©®Ω’.
3. As they entered the house, th
drinking water. ÅÆæ©’ As èπ◊ Å®Ωnçsince éπü∆?°j sentence ™ As èπ◊ Å®Ω nç àN’öÀ?¢Ë ÊÆh ¢√éπuç Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ω’-ûª ’çü∆?
4. Thinking is driven by questions.
driven Åçõ‰ Å®Ω n¢Ë ’-N’öÀ ?– á¢Á ’t≤ƒq® ,
ï- ¢√•’: 1. It was due to his careless h
Owing to his careless, he
°j È®çúø ’ sentences ™ûª°æ ¤p. carelessness, cor
due to = owing to. 騍
Åçü¿’- ©x ÅE. Å®·ûË due
tence begin îËߪ’ôç ÆæJ®√-Æœ†ô’x It was due to
Åçõ‰ due to ´·çüÁ°æ ¤púø ÷ 'be' form
eg: His failure was (be form) due
ness = he failed owing to his
It was due to ÅE begin îËÊÆh, È®that ûÓ begin Å´¤-ûª’çC.It was due to his careless, he fel
Öçú≈-Lq† B®Ω ’ - It was due to hi
ness, that he failed. È®çúÓ clau
begin Å´ôç í∫ ’-Eçîª çúÕ.2. Hardly did the peon ring the be
boys left the class = Scarcely di
ring the bell when the boys left
No sooner did the peon ring th
the boys left the class = As s
peon rang the bell the boys left
peon (•çvöûª’) í∫ çôéÌöÀ d† ¢Á çôØË´·çüË °œ©x©’ class - C-™‰ »®Ω’. (-O’™ left to the class ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Left f
= class èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’. Left the class =
´îËa¨»®Ω’.)Some more examples:
a) Hardly did he buy the tickets
movie began = Scarcely did
tickets when the movie bega
é̆o ¢Á çôØË movie v§ƒ®Ω綵 º¢Á’i çb) Hardly did the school close w
boys rushed home = schoo
°œ©x©’ É∞¡xèπ◊ °æ®Ω’Èíû√h®Ω’.3. As Åçõ‰ because/ since ÅØË é¬èπ◊
N≠æߪ’ç) ïJ-T†-°æ ¤púø ’ ÅØË Å®Ωn ç èπÿa) As he walked along the street,
uncle = ®Óúø ’f ¢Á ç•úÕ †úø ’-Ææ’h-†´÷´’-ߪ’u†’ éπL- »úø ’.
b) As they entered the house, t
(ask Ééπ\úø ûª°æ ¤p) for drinking w
ÉçöxéÀ v°æ¢ËP-Ææ÷h/ -v°æ¢ËP-Ææ ’h-†o-°æ ¤p-úøí¬ØË ´’ç*F∞¡xúÕí¬®Ω ’.
4. Thinking is driven by questions:
Driven, drive èπ◊ past participle.
ûÓ©ôç ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ ’ éπü∆. is driven
•-úø ’-ûª’çC ÅE. Å®·ûË drive Åçõ‰ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. O’ sen
driven éÀ Å®Ωn ç vÊ°Í®-°œ ç-úø ’-ûª’çCtence Å®Ωn ç, Ç™- v°æ ¡o©´©x vûª’çC ÅE. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ v°æ††’ vÊ°Í®-°œ≤ƒh-®·/ Í®-Èé-Ah-≤ƒh®· v°æ ¡o©’ ´’†Lo Ç™-*ç°æñ‰≤ƒh®· ÅE
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 4/14
≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 8 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛
Bhas: The Sabarimala season has started,
hasn't it?
(¨¡•J´’© ߪ÷vû√ Æ洒ߪ’ç ´îË aÆœ çC éπü∆?)Vyas: It has of course. But why are you asking?
(Å´¤†’. áçü¿’èπ◊ -Åúø ’í∫ ’ûª’Ø√o´¤?)Bhas: You go there every year. wondering
why you don't have your black clothes
and mala on this year yet.
(v°æA≤ƒK ¢Á∞«h´¤ éπü∆ †’´¤y. Ñ≤ƒJçé¬ †©x•ôd©÷, ´÷™« ¢ËÆæ’éÓ™‰üË çö« ÅE ņ’èπ◊çô’Ø√o†’.)
Vyas: I propose to be on deeksha from this Sat-
urday onwards that's when I will have the
mala on. A few others and I are going,
how about joining us this time?
(Ñ ¨¡E¢√®Ωç †’ç* Déπ~™ Öçö«†’. ´÷©¢ËÆæ ’èπ◊çö«†’. ؈’ ´’J éÌçü¿®Ω ç ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç.
†’´¤y ´≤ƒh¢√?Bhas: That's precisely why I am asking. I'd
like to go with you this time. How are
you going?
(Åçü¿ ’éÓÆæ¢Ë ’ Åúø ’í∫’ûª’Ø√o†’. ØË †’ FûÓ ®√¢√©†’èπ◊çô’Ø√o. ᙫ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o´¤?(precisely: v°œÂÆjÆ‘ x– éπ*aûª çí¬ Åçü¿’Íé)
Vyas: As usual. By vanayatra
(´÷´‚©’ Nüµ ¿çí¬ØË ´†ßª ÷vûª îËÆæ’hØ√o†’.¨¡•J´’© ߪ÷vAèπ◊©’ ¢Á ·ûª hç ü¿÷®Ω ç †úÕ*¢Á∞¡xôç ´†ßª÷vûª.)
Bhas: What does it mean? (Åçõ‰)Vyas: A long trek of around 45 km up the hill
and down the valley through the jungle,
across fords and burns. Why don't you
join?
(ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ 45 éÀ.O’. †úøéπ– éÌçúø™„éÀ \, ™ßª’™xéÀCT, ¢√í∫’©’ ´çéπ©’ ü∆ô’ûª÷ -¢Á∞«xL. ´÷ûÓáçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿúø øü¿’?)valley- ™ßª’ ford= ¢√í∫’, burn= °œ©x 鬩’´
Bhas: That sounds quite exciting, though
strencious.
(v¨¡´’ûÓ èπÿúÕ†üÁ j†°æ pöÀéà Öûª’qéπûª éπLT≤ÚhçC)Vyas: Joining us? (´≤ƒh¢√?)Bhas: Certainly. I am game for it.
(ûª°æ pèπ◊çú≈ ؈’ Æœü¿l ¥¢Ë ’)Vyas: Here comes our friend Prabhas.
(´’† -N’vûª ’úø ’ -v°æ¶µ «Æ ´Ææ ’hØ√oúø ’)Bhas: Let's ask him if he will come too.
(¢√úø ÷ ´≤ƒhúË¢Á ÷ Åúø ’í∫’ü∆ç)Vyas: We are going on Sabarimala pilgrimage.
How about being one of us?
(¢Ë ’ç ¨¡•J´’© ߪ÷vûªèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oç. ´÷ûÓ´≤ƒh¢√?)
Prabhas: Sorry. Count me out.
(†ØÌoC™‰ßª’çúÕ)Bhas: Come on Prabhas let's enjoy it
together.
(v°æ¶µ «Æˇ Åçü¿®Ωç Ææ®Ωü∆í¬ ¢Á∞Ôü∆l ç)Prabhas: Sorry, cold baths, meal just once a
day and the ritual are not-my cup of
tea
(sorry îªFoöÀ ≤ƒo†ç, äéπ °æ ‹ô ¶µ ï†ç, Éûª®Ω °æ ‹ñ«°æ ¤®Ω≤ƒ\®√©÷, Ø√èπ◊°æúøEN) Not my cup of tea. á°æ ¤úø ÷ not ûÓØË ¢√úø ’û√ç =Ø√èπ◊ †îª aEC. My •ü¿’©’, his, her, your, their, our-
á´JéÀ †îª aEüÁ jûË ü∆Eo•öÀ d ¢√úø îª ’a. conversa-
tion™ ÉC î√™« common expression – not my
cup of tea ÅØËC O’ conversation™ ¢√úø çúÕ. film music is not his cup of tea. He like clas-
sical music.
(Åûªúø ’éÀ film Ææ çUûª ç É≠æ d ç ™‰ü¿’. »Æ‘ Yߪ’ Ææ çUûª çÉ≠æ d°æúøû√úø ’)
Vyas: Let's not compel him.
(ÅûªúÕE -´’†ç •©´çûª ç îËßÁ ·ü¿’l™‰).éÀ çü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç °œ©’°æ ¤†èπ◊ (Ç£æ …yEçîªö«
EéÀ)¢√úË formal and informal expressions îª÷¨»çéπü∆. É°æ ¤púø ’ Ç£æ …yØ√Eo ’Eoçîªö«EéÀ, Æ‘ yéπJçîªö«EéÀ(accepting an invitation) A®ΩÆæ\Jçîªö«EéÀ (reject-
ing an invitation), formal and informal ¢√úËexpressions îª÷ü∆l ç.´’†çü¿Jéà ûÁLÆœ† informal expression, invitations
accept îËߪ’ú≈EéÀ:Thank you very much / thanks for the invitation,
I'll certainly come / I'll be there, and on time (؈éπ\úø ’çö«†’ ÅD timeèπ◊ ÆæJí¬) etc.
Ç£æ …yØ√Eo informal í¬ ´’EoçîË / Æ‘ yéπJçîË çü¿ ’èπ◊
´’JéÌEo Éûª®Ω expresions îª÷ü∆l ç..1. Thank you I'd be very much there.
(thank you. ؈’ ûª°æ péπ Åéπ\úÕéÀ ´≤ƒh†’)2. Certainly, that suits me fine =
(ûª°æ péπ ´≤ƒh†’. Ø√éπC î√™« É≠æ d ç).3. Really? I am there certainly =
(Å´¤Ø√?؈’ ûª°æ péπ Öçö«†’/ ´≤ƒh†’).4. Thank you so much / very much. with plea-
sure = Thank you. Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ´≤ƒh.5. Would I say no?
(é¬ü¿E Åçö«Ø√?)= (ûª°æ péπ ´≤ƒh†E)É™« Ææ çü¿®√s¥EéÀ ûªT† informal expressions à¢Á j Á jØ√¢√úø a. ÉN informal Åçõ‰ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ’´¤çúË¢√∞¡x Ç£æ …yØ√Eo Æ‘ yéπJçîË Nüµ ∆†ç Éçé¬ informal í¬üµ ¿yEçî√©çõ‰ Ñ éÀ çC -¢√öÀE -îª÷úø çúÕ.
6. You bet I am there = ؈éπ\úø Öçúøôç/ ®√´ôçEÆæ qçüË£æ «ç.7. I am game for it = ؈’ Æœü¿ l ¥ ç. I am game for
it Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ informal.
8. I won't say no, surely (éπ*aûª çí¬ é¬ü¿’ ņ†’)ÉO Informal (°œLîË, °œL°œ çèπ◊ØË ¢√∞¡x ´’üµ ¿u Ö†o ’´‹, Ææ yûª çvû√Eo •öÀ d) °œ©’°æ ¤†’ - ’Eoçîªö«EéÀ¢√úË ´÷ô©’. É°æ ¤púø ’ Ç£æ …yØ√Eo ´’Eoç‰éπ§Ú´ö«EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’ îª ÷ü∆l ç.1. Sorry, I can't come / can't make it.
2. How I'd like, very much, but I can't come.
(®√¢√©E áçûª’çüÓ, é¬F ®√™‰†’)3. Wish I could come, but sorry.
(®√¢√©ØË ÖçC é¬F ®√™‰†’)4. What a pity! I've promised to accompany
Nitish to the bike shop. He is buying a bike
(áçûª ü¿’®Ωü¿%≠æ d ç! -EB≠ûÓ Bike shop éÌ≤ƒh†E´÷öÀî√a, -¢√úÓ bike éÌçô’Ø√oúø ’.)
5. Can't we have it on some other occasion?
(ÉçÈé°æ ¤púø®·Ø√ °ô’déӴa éπü∆)6. No way, old boy. You have to make do with-
out me=
(™«¶µ ºç ™‰ü¿’ /´îË aNüµ ¿çí¬ ™‰ ü¿ ’. ØË®√èπ◊çú≈ØË †’´¤yí∫úÕÊ°Ææ ’éÓ¢√L.)
old boy = ´’† v°œßª’ N’vûª’©†’ Ææ 綵 CçîË B®Ω’.7. Not a chance, I'm taking mom to
Hyderabad tomorrow. It's sudden.
(´îË a Ŵ鬨¡¢Ë ’ ™‰ü¿’.ņ’éÓèπ◊çú≈ - ÷ Å´’t†’£j «ü¿®√¶«ü˛èπ◊ BÆæ’Èé∞¡ŸhØ√o)
8. Go ahead. I may not be able to attend, after
all=
(à¢Á’iØ√ ØË®√™‰†’. †’´¤y é¬EîË aß˝’)É°æ ¤úø ’ Ç£æ …yØ√EéÀ ¢Á∞¡x™‰éπ§Ú´ôçformal í¬ á™« îÁ§ƒp™ îª÷ü∆l ÷!formal í¬ Åçõ‰ ´’†éπçõ‰ ´ßª’Ææ’™, £æ «Ùü∆™, ≤Ún ’ûª™, °ü¿l¢√∞¡Ÿx °œL*†°æ ¤úø ’ Ææ ’Eoûª çí¬ A®ΩÆæ\Jçîªö«EéÀ ¢√úË expressions É°æ ¤úø ’ îª÷ü∆l ç.1) Pridhvi: Mr Varun, please attend as a small
get together tomorrow evening at
my place.
(´÷ Éçöx Í®´¤ ïJÍí *†o party éÀûª°æ péπ®Ω çúÕ)
Varun: So thoughtful of you, Mr Pridhvi to invite
me. Thank you, but you'd excuse me. I
have some important work.
(††’o í∫ ’®Ω ’hçèπ◊E °œL*†çü¿’èπ◊ thanks.
é¬E éπ~N’ç-î√L. Í®°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i†
°æ†’çC.) Mister ÅE Ææ ç¶Cµ çîªôç formality †’ Ææ÷*
Ææ ’hçC. formal í¬ A®ΩÆæ\JçîË çü¿’èπ◊ éÌEo expressions
a) I'd like to very much, but I can't. Sorry
(®√¢√©E ¶«í¬ éÓJéπí¬ ÖçC é¬E ®√™‰†’)b) You wouldn't mind l may not making it/ com-
ing, would you? I have some work.
(Ø√èπ◊ °æ†’çC. ؈’ ®√™‰éπ§ÚûË O’Í®´’†’éÓ®Ω’ éπü∆?)c) Santan: We'd be delighted to have you
inau gurate the function.
(Ç function O’®Ω ’ v§ƒ®ΩçGµ çîªúø ç ÷èπ◊ £æ «®Ω ü∆ߪ’éπç)Prasad: I'm afraid I won't be able to. However,
thank you for the invitation.
(؈’®√™‰†’, Thank you °œL*†çü¿’èπ◊)d) I am sorry I can't. My regrets.
(؈’ ®√™‰†E ¶«üµ ¿°æúø ’ûª’Ø√o.)
regret = *çAçîªúø ç.e) It's very kind of you, but I regret I have to dis-
appoint you. = O’ ü¿ßª ’èπ◊ î√™« üµ ¿†u¢√ü∆©’, é¬FN’´’tLo E®√¨¡°æ®Ω aéπ ûª°æ púø ç ™‰ü¿’. (Å®·ûË ûÁ©’í∫ ’™Ñ ´÷ô©’ éÌçûª îµ√çü¿Ææ çí¬ ÅE°œ≤ƒh®· éπü∆?)f) Thank you very much; I'd love to come, but I
have to meet my lawyer exactly the same
time.
(î√™« thanks. ®√¢√©E áçûªí¬ØÓ ÖçC. é¬F ÅüËÆæ ’ßª’ç™ ´÷ lawyer †’ éπ©¢√Lq ÖçC.)
ÅüË î√™« formal í¬ Ç£æ …yØ√Eo ´’Eoçî√®Ω†’éÓçúÕ. Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË expressions:
a) We'd / I'd be highly delighted
b) That's really, kind of you, thank you, I'll cer-
tainly make it.
c) Thanks for the invitation. You can be sure of
my presence.d) Pleasure will be mine./ It will be my pleasure
to attend the function.
éÌçîÁ ç ñ«ví∫ûª hí¬ OöÀE îªCN í∫ ’Eç* Ææ çü¿®√s¥†’≤ƒ®Ω çí¬ ¢√úÕûË Å¢Ë Å©¢√ô®·§Úû√®·. Practice
îËߪ’çúÕ.Exercise:
Practise as many sentences as you can on the
following pattern:
Subject Verb Object Obj complement
a) He swept the room clean
b) She found the door locked
Ééπ\úø object complement Åçõ‰ object †’ í∫ ’Jç*îÁÊ°p´÷ô ÅE.
Ççí∫ x ¶µ «- ≠æù 256Ççí∫ x ¶µ «-≠æù
It is not my cup of tea...
v°æ. Will, Would èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’-öÀ?I will play cricket
I would play cricket
v°æ. Either come in or go out D-E -Å ®√ -™‰ü∆ -•-ߪ’-öÀéÀ §Ú éπü∆?Either of you can go out,
Either way , it is good. °j -¢√éπuç™éπü∆ Either Öçõ‰ or Öçú≈L éπü∆°j ¢√éπuç -Å®√nEo -N´Jçîªí∫©®Ω’.
v°æ. È®çúø ’ í∫ûª Ææ ç°∂ æ ’-ô†-©’ ï-J-T†°æ ¤p-úø ’ simple past ™ È®çúÓü∆Eo pas
îÁ§ƒp-™«?When I was arrived
the train had left.
Ñ ¢√é¬u-Eo éÀ çC Nüµ ¿çí¬´î√a?When I arrived the s
train was leaving.
áç.áÆˇ .Ç®,ï-¢√-•’:ï. will, would èπ◊ ûËú≈
will É°æ pöÀ †’ç* future †’ ûÁ©’-°æ ¤
Would í∫ûªç †’ç* future †’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤said (í∫ûª ç™ ÅØ√oúø ’) that he
her (í∫ûª ç™ †’ç* future ™ help
Will, Would†’ í∫’Jç*† N’í∫û√ ÅçN´®Ω çí¬ Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ lessons ™îª÷úø çúÕ.
ï. Either... or, Åçõ‰ ÅüÁ jØ√ ÆæÍ®, ÉüÁjÅ®Ω nç.
a) Either of Åçõ‰, È®çúÕ çöÀ™/Éü¿lJ™È®jØ√ Ææ Í®, ÅE. Ñ Å®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úÕ†-°æûª®√yûª or ®√ü¿’. Å™«Íí Either way
°æü¿l ¥ûª’-™x à Nüµ ¿çí¬ Å®·Ø√ Ææ Í®, ÅPrakash: Shall we have chicken o
(Chicken Açü∆´÷, G®√uFPramod: Either way is the same f
(Ø√èπ◊ È®- çúÕ çöÀ™ àüÁjØ√ ä
°j j Ææ 綵 «≠æù™either
Åçõ‰ È®çöÀ™ÅE Å®Ωn ç 鬕öÀ d, or ®√ü¿’.ÉC îª÷úø çúÕYou can have either an apple or
but not both:
†’- ¤y apple Å®·Ø√ A†’, ´÷N’úÕ °æÈ®çúø ÷ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. Ééπ\úø Either... or îª÷ï. a) When I was arrived at the s
Ñ ¶µ «í∫ ç™ was arrived ÆæJ-é¬üarrived Åçõ‰ØË correct.
b) When I arrived at the station, th
left = ؈’ stationèπ◊ îË Í®-ô°æ ¢ÁRx§Ú®·çC. (correct)
When I arrived at the station, the
leaving =
؈’ station îË Í®-°æ p-öÀéÀ, train ¢ÁRx§Ú-ûÓçú≈ correct.
v°æ. a,e,i,o,u ©ûÓ -v§ƒ®Ω綵 º´’-ßË ’u - ÷an ÅE N’-í∫û√-¢√-öÀ - ·çü¿’ a Åö«ç. é¬F -ÅC v°æA≤ƒ-K éπÈ®é˙d é¬versity, a Europian éπÈ®é˙d -Åçö«®≤ƒ-üµ ¿uç?
Èé. -Ç-™p¥Ø q®√ï- ¢√-•’: Å,-Ç,-É,-Ñ,Ö,-Ü,- á, -à, -â, -ä, -ã°j ûÁ©’í∫’ - ¡¶«l™x üËE-ûÓØÁjØ√ - v§ƒ®Ω 綵 º´© ´·çü¿’ an ¢√-úø çúÕ. N’í∫û√-¢√-öÀ¢√-úø çúÕ. University, Europian Ñ È®ç†’ç* -å -´®Ωèπ◊ -ÖçúË ¨¡¶«l©ûÓ -v§ƒ®Ω綵 ºan ®√-ü¿’ a ´Ææ’hçC.
á
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•’- üµ ¿- ¢√®Ωç 10 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü
Anupam: Who do I see here? Nirupam?
(á´®Ω ÷? E®Ω’-°æ¢˛’?)Nirupam: Are you surprised to see me?
(††’o îª÷úøôç Ǩ¡a®Ωuçí¬ Öçü∆?)Anupam: Sure. I thought you were in Kolkata.
(Eïçí¬. †’´¤y éÓ™¸éπû√™ ÖØ√o-´†’-èπ◊Ø√o.)
Nirupam: I was, but I got back yesterday.(Å´¤†’, ÖØ√o. é¬E E†o AJ-íÌî√a.)
Anupam: How about some coffee? or would
you prefer to eat something before
that?
(é¬Ææh 鬰∂‘ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢√? ™‰èπ◊çõ‰´·çü¿’ àüÁ jØ√ Açö«¢√?)
Nirupam: I could certainly do with something
to eat and then coffee.
(é¬Ææ h àüÁ jØ√ AØË çü¿’èπÿ Ç ûª®√yûª cof-
fee 鬢√L.)Anupam: You'll have them. What'd you like to
have?
(àç BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«´¤?)Nirupam: You talk although we were in a
restaurant, with a variety of eats on
the menu. Get me whatever is avail-
able in the house.
(´’†ç àüÓ restaurant ™ Ö†oô’x, ®Ωéπ®Ω-鬩 °∂ æ©£æ …®√© menu Ö†oô÷x ´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. Éçöx àü¿’çõ‰ ÅC °ævö«/Açü∆ç.)
≤ƒüµ ∆®Ωùçí¬ Éçöx Åçõ‰ at home Åçö«çéπü∆. In the house Åçõ‰ é¬Ææ h informal í¬Éçöx ÅE. Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ 'éÌç°æ™— ņoô’x.
Anupam: Just wait for a few more minutes.
You can have idli and karappodi. I
expect a distant relative, an uncle of
mine. Oh, here he is. Good morning
uncle. It's really good to see you
again. How are you?
(äéπ\ éπ~ùç Öçúø ’. ÉúŒ x 鬮Ω-§ÒpúÕ Açü¿’-´¤-í¬E. ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ ôd ç, ´÷ uncle äé¬ßª’† ´≤ƒh-úøE áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’hØ√o. ã,Çߪ’† ´îËa-¨»úø’. ´’Sx N’´’tLo îª÷úøôç/ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ÖçC. ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’?)
Uncle: Wonderful to meet you again, boy.
How are things going?
(éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´ôç Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. ᙫÖØ√o´¤?)
Anupam: Fine. Thank you. By the way this is
my friend Nirupam. Nirupam, this is
my uncle Mr. Sitaram.
Nirupam: How do you do, sir?
Uncle: Fine thank you, how do you do?
Anupam: Would you like to have something,
uncle? I see you are pretty tired.
(àü¿-®·Ø√ BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«®√? ¶«í¬ Å©Æœ§Ú-®·-†-ô’dØ√o®Ω’.)
Uncle: You can say that. I am really tired. I
don't mind having a bite.
(†’´y†o-ô’dí¬ØË Eïçí¬ Å©Æœ§Ú-ߪ÷†’.àüÓ Açö«ØË x °ævö«.)
Anupam: Would you care for some coffee too,
uncle?
(鬰∂ ‘ èπÿú≈ BÆæ ’-èπ◊çö«®√?)Uncle: That suits me fine.
(Ç BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«.)
íı®Ω´ ´’®√u-ü¿©÷, Çî√®Ω ´u´£æ …®√© N≠æߪ’ç™´’†èπÿ, English ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. ÉçöÀéÌ*a†ÅAü∑ ¿’-©†’ Ææûª \JçîË N≠æߪ’ç™ ´·êuçí¬ ¢√∞¡xéÀîË a Ç£æ …®Ω §ƒF-ߪ÷© N≠æߪ’ç™, ¢√∞¡xéπN offer îËߪ’-ö«EéÀ ¢√úË formal and informal expressions É°æ ¤púø ’ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.´’†ç ¶«í¬ ’´¤í¬ ÖçúË ´uèπ◊h-©Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offerîËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË informal expressions èπÿ, ´’†ç Åçûªîª†’´¤ BÆæ ’-éÓ™‰E ´uèπ◊h-©Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offer îËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’¢√úË formal expressions èπÿ ûËú≈ áèπ◊\´í¬ØËÖçô’çC. Å™«Íí ´’†ç ’- ¤ûÓ Öçúøí∫© ´uèπ◊h©’´’†- Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ offerîËÆœ†-°æ¤púø’ ´’† Ææ pçü¿-†èπ◊, (infor-
mal response) èπÿ, ´’†-éπçûª Ææ yûªçvûª 癉E ´uèπ◊h©’´’†èπ◊ îËÊÆ offers Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ´’† Ææ pçü¿-†èπÿ (for-
mal response) î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.The conversation at the beginning of the les-
son, you can see, begins with expressions we
use when we meet others. Ñ lesson beginning
™Ö†o °æ©éπJç°æ ¤ ´÷ô©†’ ´·çü¿’í¬ îª÷ü∆l ç.
a) Who do I see here? á´®Ω÷? E®Ω’-°æ-¢Ë ’Ø√?(´’†Lo ´÷´‚©’í¬ éπ©´E-¢√∞¡Ÿx, î√™«é¬©çûª®√yûª, ņ’-éÓèπ◊çú≈ éπ©´ú≈E-éÌÊÆh ¢√úË ´÷ô.)
É™«çöÀ Ææ çü¿-®Ωs¥ ç™ ¢√úË Éûª®Ω expressions èπÿú≈îª÷ü∆l ç.a) Look who is here: îª÷úø ’ á´®Ìî√a®Ó (Åçõ‰
®√éπ®√éπ ´î√a®ΩE üµ ¿yEçîËô’x. Ééπ\úø look, ´‚úÓ´uéÀ h ™‰éπ§Ú-®·Ø√ Åçö«ç.)
b) What brings you here? = àçöÀ™« ´î√a´¤?(ÉC Åçûª ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ®Ω-´’-®·† ´÷ô é¬ü¿E éÌçü¿JÅ§Ú£æ «. é¬F É™« ņ-ôç™ ûªÊ°p癉ü¿’.)
c) You, ... here? What a surprise! = †’´¤y,Ééπ\ú≈! Ǩ¡a®Ωuçí¬ ÖçüË!
ÉN éÌEo °æ©éπJç°æ ¤ ´÷ô©’.É°æ ¤púø ’ formal, informal offers èπ◊ ¢√úË éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.ÉçöÀ éÌ*a† ÅAü∑¿’©’ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ «ûª ’-©®·ûË ,¢√∞¡xéÀîË a °∂æ©£æ…®Ω §ƒF-ߪ ÷© N≠æߪ ’ç™ informal í¬ offers:
a) How about/ What about some coffee?
b) Care for some good coffee?
°j È®çúÕ çöÀ Å®Ωn ç– é¬Ææ h coffeeBÆæ’-èπ◊çö«¢√/ 鬰∂ ‘... ´’ç*üË ’Ø√o °æ ¤îª’aèπ◊çö«¢√? ÉüË ¶µ«´ç ûÁ©’-í∫’™– 鬰∂ ‘ BÆæ’éÓ ÅE (ûÁ©’-í∫’™, coffee BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«¢√?/ BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«®√? ÅE Åúøí∫úø ç bad man-
ners éπü∆, é¬F English ™ é¬ü¿’.)(a), (b) ™xE informal offers èπ◊ response
(Ææ pçü¿†):coffee °æ ¤îª ’aéÓ¢√-©†’-èπ◊çõ‰ :a) I don't mind (Ø√é𶵠ºuçûª®Ω癉ü¿’)b) That'd be nice
c) Oh sure. A good cup of coffee is certainly
welcome.
d) I could certainly do with some coffee = Ø√èπ◊鬰∂ ‘ 鬢√L. (could do with = want)
e) That's nice of you. (ÅC ´’ç*üË)coffee ´ü¿’l/ Åçõ‰ offer †’ A®Ω-Ææ \-Jç-îª ôç/ ´ü¿l†ôç informal í¬:a) No, thanks/ thank you.
b) I don't feel like it now. Thank you.
(Ø√èπ◊ û√í¬©E-°œ çîªôç ™‰ü¿’– Thank you.)
c) Oh, not now/ perhaps later. (É°æ¤púø ’ ´ü¿’l/ûª®√yûª BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«ØË¢Á ÷. DE ¶µ «´ç– ÅÆæ™Ô-ü¿lE.)
formal offers: °ü¿l¢√-∞¡xèπ◊, Åçûª í¬ °æJ-îª ßª ’癉 E¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ àüÁ jØ√ formal í¬ offer îË ÊÆ B®Ω’:a) Would you have/ like/ fancy some coffee? -
ÉC formal offer. (Å®·ûË ûÁ©’-í∫’™ offer îËÊÆ-ô°æ¤púø ’– BÆæ ’-èπ◊çö«®√? – ņç éπü∆. BÆæ’-éÓçúÕÅçö«ç.)
b) Would you care for some coffee?
c) Would you mind having/
Would you mind a little cof-
fee?
d) Won't you (Will you not)
have some coffee? (é¬Ææhcoffee BÆæ’-éÓ®√?)
e) Let me have the pleasure of
giving you a cup of coffee.
f) Let me have the pleasure of treating you to
some coffee. (treating (some one) to some-
thing = á´J-ÈéjØ√ àü¿-®·Ø√ É*a Ææûª \Jçîªôç)°j ¢√öÀ éÀ Ææ pçü¿†:
a) I don't mind. Thank you.(Ŷµ ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. Thank you.)
b) That'd be fine. Thank you.
c) I'd welcome it. Thank you.
d) So thoughtful of you. Thanks.
(Éûª®Ω ’© Å´Ææ-®√© í∫’Jç* ÆæÈ®j† Ç™-èπ◊ = so
thoughtful of you)
e) That's nice of you, thank you.
f) Oh, sure. A cup of coffee would be welcome.
Thank you.
g) Nothing like it at the moment. Thank you.
(É°æ ¤p-úø çûªéπçõ‰ ´’ç*C-™‰ü¿’. Thank you.)
(Å®·ûË ´’† Ææ ÷-ïç™ Çî√®Ω ´u´£æ …®Ωç v°æ鬮Ωç,á´Jçöx Å®·Ø√ coffee offer îËÊÆh, °j† ņoô’x'Å´¤†’, û√í∫’û√†’— ņ™‰ ç éπü∆. ´’†èπ◊ û√í¬©EÖØ√o èπÿú≈, ´ü¿lØË Åçö«ç.)
ã offer †’ formal í¬ A®Ω-Ææ \Jçîªôç/ ´ü¿l†ôç:
a) No please. Thanks.
b) Right now, no. Thank you just the same.
(Just the same = Å®·†-°æ p-öÀéÃ)
c) Hope you don't mind my saying no. Thank
you, any way =
؈’ ´ü¿l†oçü¿’èπ◊ O’Í®ç ņ’-éÓ®Ω’ éπü∆. Thank
you.
d) Not now/ perhaps later, please.
(É°æ ¤púø ’ é¬ü¿’-™„ çúÕ/ ûª®√yûª îª÷ü∆l ç.)
e) Sorry. I don't feel like it. Thank you.
(Sorry. û√í¬©E-°œçîªúø 癉ü¿’. Thank you.)
ÉO formal/ informal offers, ¢√öÀéÀ responses.
éÀ çü¿öÀ lesson (No. 256) exercise™ É*a† sen-
tence pattern èπ◊ †´‚Ø√ sentence ©’:
Sub Verb Object Complement
1) I like my coffee hot
2) He kicked the door open
3) They elected him captain of the team
4) She wants it done immediately
5) I want the house painted.
EXERCISE
Speak aloud as many sentences as you
can, on the following pattern.
It 'be' form complement subject
(infinitive)
a) It is easy to do that
(ÅC îËߪ’ôç Ææ’©¶µ ºç)
b) It was difficult to carry it.
(ü∆Eo ¢Á ÷ߪ’ôç éπ≠æ d ç Å®·uçC.)
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 257Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
What brings you here?
Q. Why present tense always come a
- R. Murali Mohan, Hyderab
A. Did is an auxiliary/ a helping
words like come, take, etc com
as in the verb, for example,
(=came) did go (=went), did ta
etc. are all in the past tense, be
is a helping verb, used to form
forms of verbs mostly with not an
tions. Since did itself is past ten
only the basic form of the verb a
come, go, etc.
Q. Instead of, Rather than, Ap
Being. Ñ °æü∆© í∫ ’Jç-* N -Jç
- Chandu Surapaneni Chouda
A. i) Instead of = In place of.
a) He wrote with a pencil instea
pen = He used a pencil and n
b) He likes coffee better than tea,
coffee = He took coffee in pla
He took coffee inste
c) He gave him gold
money (•ü¿’©’)ii) Rather than = W
expression when
pare two things
kinds. It also
'instead of'.
a) Rather than go by bus, he w
distance = He walked the
instead of going by bus.
b) I'd rather not see movies than
movies = I like not to see mov
of seeing such movies.
iii) Apart from (i) = in addition t
eg: Apart from stealing his m
beat him = They not onl
money, but also beat him
b) Apart from the house, he b
furniture = He bought nohouse but also new furnitu
Apart from (ii) = except for
a) Apart from the opening
rest of the movie is very g
opening scene alone isn't
rest of the movie is good.
b) Apart from the youngest so
are married = All the othe
married, the youngest
unmarried.
iv) Being = (Most often, bein
meaning of because)
a) Being rich, he can buy
Because he is rich, he can
b) Being weak, she can't p
Because she is weak, she ca
Q. ''How long will you be in Hyd
''How long will you be at Hy
Which one is correct?
- Sasa
A. How long will you be in Hyderab
rect. 'In' is used before big and
places, and at only before smal
In Hyderabad, In Chennai, In Lo
At Mangalagiri, at pattanecheru
towns and villages)
I was at college = I was in the
was at college', is used more t
in the college'. 'I was in colleg
being accepted in modern usag
–
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¨¡Ÿ- v éπ ¢√®Ωç 12 - ï-†- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «-ü¿ ®√¶«- ü
Kundan: Oh, you've come, I am happy. What did
you do about that parcel to Naveen?
He must be expecting it by now.
(†’¢Ìyî√a´¤, Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç. Naveen èπ◊°æ 秃-Lq† parcel N≠æߪ’ç àç î˨»´¤?ü∆E-éÓÆæ ç Åûª†’ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hçö«úø ’.)
Jeevan: Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I clean forgot it.
But there is still time. Don't worry.
(ÅßÁ÷u, ü∆E N≠æߪ’ç °æ ‹Jhí¬ ’®Ω-*§Úߪ÷.é¬F Éçé¬ time ÖçC™‰. ¶«üµ ¿-°æúøèπ◊.)
Kundan: How much time? Just half an hour.
(áçûª’çC time? Å®Ωí∫ çõ‰ éπü∆.)Jeevan: That's true. I must hurry or the Post
office will close. Can you lend me
your bike?
(ûª y®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«L. ™‰éπ§ÚûË Post office
´‚ÊÆ≤ƒh®Ω’. F bike é¬Ææ h É≤ƒh¢√?)Kundan: Why do you need it?
(FÈéçü¿’èπ◊bike?)
Jeevan: I must rush home, pick up the books,
parcel them, hurry to the post office
and book it.
(ÉçöÀéÀ ûª y®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL, Ç books BÆæ’-éÓ¢√L, ¢√öÀE parcel îËߪ÷L, Post office
èπ◊ BÆæ’ÈéRx book îËߪ÷L éπü∆.)Kundan: Oh sure, have it. (ÆæÍ®, BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿ.)Jeevan: Can I have some money too?
(é¬Ææ h úø•’s èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh¢√?)Kundan: I don't have more than Rs.10 on me.
Let's see if my cousin Nandan can
help. Oh, who do we see here? Oh
it's Nandan. Think of the devil and he
is there.
(Ø√ ü¿í∫ _®Ω °æC ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´™‰ü¿’. ´÷ cousin Nandan à´’Ø√o É´y
í∫-©-úË¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. Åü¿’íÓ, Ééπ\úËÖØ√oúø ’.)
Think of the devil and he is there =
á´®ΩØ√o ņ’-èπ◊†oüË ûªúø ¤ v°æûª u-éπ~- ’-®·ûËÉ™« Åçö«®Ω ’. Å®·ûË ÉN ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ «ûª çí¬ ÖçúË¢√-∞¡xO’ü¿ ´÷vûª¢Ë ’ ¢ËÊÆ joke.
Devil Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? Christian
†´’t-éπç™ üË ¤úÕ ¨¡vûª’´¤. îÁúø ’èπ◊ v°æA®Ω ÷°æ ç.Jeevan: Hi Nandan, good to see you again.
Kundan: Will you help us with a little dough?
You shall have it back this evening.
(´÷é¬\Ææh úø•’s ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√?≤ƒßª’çvû√-E-éπ™«x AJ-TîË a≤ƒhç.)
Dough = úˆ = úø•’s ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ ¢√úË ´÷ô– ûÁ©’-í∫’™ °jÆæ©’/ °œéπ\©’/ é¬Ææ ’©’ ™«í¬.Dough Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωn ç ƒ-B©èπ◊,
°æ ‹K-©èπ◊ ¢√úË éπL-°œ† ¢Á’ûª höÀ °œ çúÕ ´·ü¿l.Nandan: You sure can have it. How much?
Jeevan: Atleast Rs. 200/-.
Nandan: Here it is, but would you give it back
this evening? I need it.
Kundan: As soon as I am home, I will pay it to you.
Jeevan: We're short of time. Let me have your bike.
(Time ûªèπ◊\´í¬ ÖçC. F bike É´¤y.)Kundan: Rush then. (ûª y®Ωí¬ °æü¿ Å®·ûË)Nandan: Jeevan, on your way back, could you
get me a recharge card for my cell?
(†’´¤y AJ-íÌîË a ü∆J™ Ø√ cell èπ◊ ãrecharge card °æô’dèπ◊®√¢√?)
Jeevan: I'll certainly.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above.
a) Jeevan: Can you lend me your bike?
(F bike É≤ƒh¢√?) – Request - Ŷµºu®Ωn†.b) Jeevan: Can I have some money too?
(Ø√èπ◊ é¬Ææh úø•’s èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh¢√?) – Request -
Ŷµ ºu®Ωn†.c) Will you help me with a little dough?)
(é¬Ææh úø•’s ≤ƒßª’çîË≤ƒh¢√?) – Request - Ŷµ ºuJn çîªôç.
d) Nandan: Would you give it back this
evening?
(Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ø√èπ◊ AJ-T-îËa-≤ƒh¢√?) –Request - Ŷµºu®Ωn†.e) Nandan: Could you get me a recharge card?
- Request - Ŷµ ºu®Ωn†.°j sentences ÅEoçöÀ™ request (Ŷµ ºu®Ωn†)èπ◊
¢√úË expressions ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. ´’† conversa-
tion in real life situation ™ request îËߪ’ôç î√™«ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ï®Ω ’-í∫’-ûª’çô’çC.
Å™« request îËÊÆ-ô°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË expressions
É°æ ¤púø ’ îª÷ü∆l ç. Requests ™ èπÿú≈ Informal
requests
èπ◊ ¢√úËexpressions
èπÿ,formal
requests èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.Informal requests: OöÀéÀ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ can
¢√úøû√ç. ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’†ç’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓí∫L-T†-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’† friends, brothers
and sisters †’ request îËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’ can ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Can you lend me your bike?
F bike é¬Ææ h É≤ƒh¢√?
(É´¤y, please ÅE.)
b) Can I have some money?
é¬Ææh úø•’s Ææ®Ω’l -û√¢√? (Informal)
éÌçîÁ ç formal Å®·ûË will ¢√úøû√ç. ´’†-éπçõ‰éÌçîÁ ç °ü¿l¢√-∞¡x†’, Åçûªí¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰E-¢√-∞¡x†÷request îËÊÆ-ô°æ ¤púø ’ will, won't (will not) use
îË≤ƒhç. Éçü∆éπ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆– Kundan, Nandan †’
request îËߪ’-ö«EéÀéπ à´’Ø√oúø ’?Will you help me with a little dough?
Ééπ\úø will, can éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ≤ƒEo-£œ «û√uEo Ææ÷*≤ÚhçC.
Won't you (will you not) come along with
me? O’®Ω’ Ø√ûÓ ®√®√? (®ΩçúÕ – ÅE request)
Would èπÿú≈ requests èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. ÉC formal
situations ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë ’. Åçõ‰ ´’†ç request
îËÆæ’h-†oC ´’†-éπçõ‰ ´ßª’-Ææ’q™, £æ«Ùü∆™,≤Ún ’ûª™ °ü¿l¢√-∞¡®·ûË, ´’†èπ◊ °æ ‹Jhí¬ éÌûª h-¢√-∞¡x®·ûË would ¢√úøû√ç.
a) Would you make room, please? = é¬Ææh ûª°æ ¤p-èπ◊çö«®√?
b) Would you lend me that book for a day?=
äéπ\®ÓV Ç °æ ¤Ææ héπç Ø√èπ◊ É≤ƒh®√?(formal &
polite request)
Å®·ûË ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ would you ûÓ mind îËJa ¢√úøû√ç formal requests èπ◊.
a) Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?
= é¬Ææ h wait îËߪ’-í∫©®√? ÉC î√™« formal and
polite form of request.
´’†èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ °æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰E-¢√-∞¡x†’, £æ «Ùü∆, ≤Ún ’ûª™Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡x†’ î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ request îËÊÆ Nüµ ¿ç.Éçé¬ îª÷úø çúÕ.
b) Would you mind telling me your name?
O’ Ê°®Ω ’ îÁ•’-û√®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ îÁ°æ pçúÕ ÅE)
c) Would you mind my using your phone?
O’ phone ¢√úø ’-éÓE-≤ƒh®√?
´·êu í∫ ’Eéπ: Mind ûª®√yûªnoun é¬E, -ing
form é¬E ®√¢√L.d) Would you mind idli with
chutney or would you insist
on sambar? - mind ûª®√yûª'idli' noun éπü∆.
e) Would you mind having idli as puri is not
ready?
°æ ‹J Éçé¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω- ™‰ü¿’, ÉúŒ x BÆæ’ -èπ◊çö«®√?formality Åô’ç*, ÅEoçöÀéπçõ‰ Åûª uçûª ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ®Ω-¢Á’i† request èπ◊ could ¢√úøû√ç.a) Could you carry this for me?
DEo O’®Ω’ ¢Á ÷≤ƒh®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ ¢Á ÷ߪ’çúÕ)b) Could you (Please) tell me how to go to the
Eenadu office?
ÑØ√úø ’ office èπ◊ ü∆J îÁ•’-û√®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœîÁ°æ pçúÕ)
c) Could you help me with some money?
úø•’s ≤ƒßª’çîË≤ƒh®√? (ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ éÌçûª úøGs´yçúÕ)
Ñ requests ÅFo èπÿú≈ question forms ™Öçúøôç í∫ ’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.
Please note: Hi, hello, Ê°®Ω’ûÓ (Mr, Mrs, Miss
™«çöÀN ™‰èπ◊çú≈) äéπJE °æ©éπJçîªôç ¢√∞¡xûÓ ´’†-èπ◊†o ≤ƒEo-£œ «û√uEo ûÁ©’-°æ ¤-û√®·. Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√∞¡xûÓ´’†ç informal í¬ Öçö«ç ņo-´÷ô.
Mr, Mrs, Miss ™«çöÀN Sri, Sir ™«çöÀN ¢√öÀ†-°æ ¤púø ’´’†èπ◊ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Åçûª®Ωç Öçü¿-†o- ÷ô. Å°æ ¤púø ’ we are
formal/ very formal with them. ü∆Eo-•öÀ d ´’†request form ´÷®Ω ’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 258Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
Could you carry this for me?
Q. In what situations should
"say" and "tell"?
- A. Krishna Suman
A. Say and tell are more or le
same, but there is a lot of diff
the way we use them. The dis very important.
Say is always followed by t
the person to whom somethin
eg: He said to me, she sai
etc.
Tell is never immediately follow
You say some thing to some
say some thing. We use say,
repeat some one's words. S
'Go away'.
Tell always is followed by a p
its object. She told him to/
him that ... etc.
Say can be use
mentioning the p
whom some thing
a) He says that he i
b) Kumar said to m
would go with me
Tell is always followed by th
to whom something is said.
Suseela often tells me that
Vijayawada.
Say is often used to repeat t
of someone.
a) Ramana said, "I am hung
b) Ramana said that he was
'Tell' express commands; 'sa
n't.
The officer told him to get o
'Say' is never followed by the
(to go, to come, etc).
He told me to go.
He said that I should go.
(observe the difference)
Q. What are correct in below an
suggestions if any.
a. 1. With how many frien
have stayed there?
2. How many friends are
there with you?
3. Any friends there with y
b. 1. How would I contact yo
2. How can I contact you?
- Santh
A. The correct forms of your quesa. 1) How many friends ha
stayed with there?
2) How many friends hav
with you?
b. 1) How would I contact you?
This, as an independent se
wrong. The correct form is:
How shall I contact you? (M
How do I get in touch with y
2) How can I contact you =
possible for me to contac
–
EXERCISE
Practise the following aloud in English
Sanjai: Nïß˝’, Ñ chapter Ø√éπ®Ωn ç 鬙‰ü¿’.
ã≤ƒJ explain îËߪ’¢√?Vijai: Ø√èπÿ Å®Ωn çé¬-™‰ü¿’. ´’† professor
Ééπ\úË ÖØ√o®Ω ’. Çߪ’†’o Åúø ’-í∫’ü∆ç.
Sanjai: Sir, ´÷éà chapter Å®Ωn ç 鬙‰ü¿’. O’®Ω ’é¬Ææ h explain îË≤ƒh®√?
Prof.: ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈. O’®Ω’ ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç®√í∫-©®√? É°æ ¤púø ’ ؈’ busy í¬ÖØ√o†’.
Sanjai: ÉçÍé-ü¿-®·Ø√ time É´yí∫©®√? Ñ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç ´÷èπ◊ class ÖçC.
Prof.: Sunday ®ΩçúÕ.
ANSWER
Sanjai: Hi Vijai, I haven't understood this
chapter. Can you explain it to me.
Vijai: I haven't understood it either. Ourprofessor is here. Let's ask him.
Sanjai: Sir, we haven't understood this
chapter. Could you explain it, Sir?/
Would you mind explaining it?
Prof.: Certainly/ Certainly not. (Could/
Would you mind †’ •öÀ d.) Can you
come to my place this evening? I am
busy now.
Sanjai: Could you please suggest some
other time? We have a class this
evening.
Prof.: Make it on Sunday, then.
R
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 7/14
Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 14 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ £j «- ü¿®√¶«-ü
Kalpana: Is that your progress card? Let me
see it. Let me know how well you've
fared in the exams?
(ÅüËØ√ F progress card? àD îª÷úøF.°æK-éπ~™x áçûª ¶«í¬ ®√¨»¢Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓF.)
Avinash: Here it is, mom.
Kalpana: Oh Avinash, what kind of marks is
this?
(ÅNØ√≠, àç marks ÉN?)Avinash: Aren't they good, mom? I didn't get
less than 70% in any subject.
ÅN ´’ç* marks é¬ü∆? à subject ™èπÿú≈ 70% èπ◊ ûªí∫ _™‰ü¿’.)
Kalpana: I am not at all pleased with these
marks, boy. Who gets the first mark
in your class?(Ñ marks Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç éπL-Tçîªô癉ü¿’. O’ class ™ first mark á´JéÀ?)
Avinash: What's wrong with those marks,
mom? You are never happy with my
marks even when they are quite
high.
(Ç marks èπ◊ à´’-®·çC? áçûÁèπ◊\´marks ´*aØ√ F¢Á°æ ¤púø ÷ Ææ çûÓ≠æ°æúø ¤.)
Kalpana: You get on my nerves Avi. You call
these good marks? 94% in maths,
86% in English, 78% in Telugu, 82%
in Science, 75% each in History and
Geography. No, Avi, you should have
scored even higher. Who gets the
first in your class? Tell me that first.
(ÅO, Ø√éÓ\°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. ÉN ´’ç*marks Åçö«¢√? Maths 94%, etc, ...
ÅO, ™«¶µºç™‰ü¿’. †’´¤y Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´marks ûÁaéÓ†’çú≈LqçC. O’ class ™first á´®Ω ’? Ç N≠æߪ’ç ´·çü¿’ îÁ°æ ¤p.)
Avinash: Pratibha.
Kalpana: You couldn't score higher than the
girl. What a shame!
(†’´¤y Ç Å´÷t®· éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ûÁaéÓ™‰éπ§Ú-ߪ÷´¤. Æœí∫’_îËô’.)
Kamesh: Come on Kalpana, our son has
scored good enough marks. Why
compare? Why are you so envious?
(´’†-¶«s®· ´’ç* marks ûÁaèπ◊Ø√oúø ’éπü∆. ÉçéÌéπJûÓ §ÚL-Èéçü¿’èπ◊? áçü¿’-éπçûª
Ñ®Ω u Fèπ◊?)(envious = Ñ®Ω u (envy) éπ©)
Kalpana: I want our boy to stand first in the
class. Is that wrong?
(´’†¶«s®· class ™ ¢Á ·ü¿-öÀ¢√úø ’í¬Öçú≈©E Ø√ éÓJéπ. ÅC ûª§ƒp?)
Kamesh: Look here. Expecting our son to get
very good marks is not wrong, but
comparison is always bad. You
always compare. I am none too
happy about it.
(-îª÷-úø ’. - ’-†-¶«s®· -áèπ◊\- -´÷®Ω’\-©’ -ûÁaéÓ¢√-©E ÇPçîªúø ç ûª°æ ¤pí¬ü¿’, é¬F -§Ú-Léπ -á°æ¤p-úø ÷ - ’ç*Cé¬ü¿’. -F-¢Á°æ ¤p-úø ÷ §Ú-Léπ -ûÁÆæ’hçö«´¤. -ÅC -Ø√èπ◊ -†-îª aü¿’.)
Kalpana: What's wrong with that?
(Åçü¿’™ ûªÊ°p- ·çC?)Kamesh: I am not in the least pleased,
Kalpana. Why do you put so much
pressure on the boy. A few marks
less- does it matter much?
(Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ™‰ü¿’, éπ©pØ√. áçü¿’-éπçûª äAhúÕ ûÁ≤ƒh¢√ èπ◊v®√úÕ O’ü¿? à¢ÓéÌEo marks ûªí¬_®·– ÅüË ’çûª Ææ ’Ææ u?)
Kalpana: This kind of talk is what I like least.
You don't expect the boy to perform
better if you talk like this.
(É™«çöÀ ´÷ô™‰ Ø√éπÆæL-≠æ d 癉ü¿’. O’ͮə« ´÷ö«x-úÕûË ¢√úÕ çûª-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω ’í¬_ àçîË≤ƒhúø ’.)
Kamesh: Marks are not all. So long as he
doesn't score low we need not worry.
Let him relax.
(´÷®Ω’\™‰ ´·êuç-鬴¤. ´’K ûªèπ◊\´marks ûÁaéÓ†çûª´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ¶«üµ ¿-°æúø†-
éπ\®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ¢√úÕE é¬Ææ h Ü°œJ BÆæ’-éÓF.)Kalpana: Ok, Ok. I only want our son to do bet-
ter. That's all.
(Ææ Í®xçúÕ. ´’†-¢√-úÕ çé¬ ¶«í¬ îËߪ÷-©E Ø√éÓJéπ. ÅçûË.)
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above.
1) Kalpana: I am (I'm) not at all pleased.
2) Kalpana: You get on my nerves, Avi.
3) Kamesh : I'm none too happy about it.
4) Kamesh : I'm not in the least pleased.
5) Kalpana: This kind of talk is what I like
least.
í∫ ’-Eçî√®Ω’ éπü∆: °j sentences ÅFo èπÿú≈Ææ çûÓ≠æ°æúøéπ§Ú-´ö«Eo ûÁL-Ê°Ní¬ ÖØ√o®·. °j† ¢√úÕ
†- Fo ´’†èπ◊ Ææ çûÓ≠æç, ûª %°œ h éπL-TçîªE Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x¢√úË ´÷´‚©’ expressions. Éçûª´®Ω-èπ◊ NNüµ ¿Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úË standard expressions îª÷¨»çéπü∆. ¢√öÀûÓ§ƒõ‰ ÉO.1. I am not at all pleased =
Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æçí¬™‰ü¿’/ Ø√Íéçûª %°œ h ™‰ü¿’i) I am not at all pleased with his words =
ÅûªE ´÷ô©’ Ø√éπÆæ©’ Ææ çûÓ≠æçí¬ ™‰ ¤.ii) The spectators were not at all pleased
with the way he played =
Åûª†’ ÇúÕ† B®Ω’ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©èπ◊ ÅÆæ©’ †îª a™‰ü¿’.2. You get on my nerves =
†’´¤y Ø√éÓ\°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ ’h-Ø√o´¤/ ††’o NÆœTÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.i) The way he behaves gets on my nerves =
¢√úÕ v°æ ®Ωh† Ø√éÓ\°æ ç ûÁ°œ p-Ææ’hçC/ ††’o NÆœTÆæ ’hçC/ *é¬èπ◊°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hçC.
ii) He manages not to get on anybody'snerves =
Åûª†’ á´Jéà éÓ°æ ç éπL-Tçîªèπ◊çú≈ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çö«úø ’.iii) Let me not see him here again. He gets
on my nerves =
´’Sx ¢√úÕE †Eo-éπ\úø îª÷úøE- yèπ◊. ¢√úø çõ‰ Ø√èπ◊*é¬èπ◊.
3. I'm (I am) none too happy about it- None
too happy about - ÉC î√™« Bv´´’-®·†ÅÆæ çûª %°œhE ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰Ææ’hçC.i) We are none too happy about the Indian
team's performance in South Africa.
South Africa ™ ¶µ «®Ωû˝ ïô’d v°æü¿-®Ωz† °æôx´’†ç Bv´´’-®·† ÅÆæ çûª %°œhûÓ ÖØ√oç/ ÅÆæ©’¶«í¬™‰ü¿’.
ii) The way he talked made
us none too happy = Åûª†’´÷ö«xúÕ† Nüµ ¿ç ´’†èπ◊ î√™«ÅÆæ ç-ûª %-°œ hí¬ ÖçC. (Ææ çûÓ-≠æ çí¬ ™‰ü¿’)
4. Not in the least pleased =
ÅÆæ©’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ™‰ü¿’.Bv´´’-®·† ÅÆæ çûª %-°œ hí¬ ÖçC.i) The teacher was not in the least pleased
with his marks =
ÅûªúÕ marks teacher èπ◊ àO’ Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç éπL-Tç‰ü¿’. (Teacher ÅûªE ´÷®Ω’\© °æôx î√™«ÅÆæçûª %-°œ hûÓ ÖØ√oúø ’.)
ii) Babu: How do you find the arrange-
ments?
(à®√p-õ„ x™« ÖØ√o®·?)Balu: I'm not in the least pleased.
(àç ûª %°œ h-éπ®Ωçí¬ ™‰ ¤)
iii) The CM is not in the least pleased with
the remarks of the Minister for Sports and
Youth activities.
(véÃú≈-´’çvA ¢√uêu-©-°æôx´·êu- ’çvA î√™« -ÅÆæ çûª %°œ hí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’.)5. What I like least =
D†®Ω n ç èπÿú≈ Ø√éπÆæ©’-°æúøü¿E.i) What I like least is the way he talks =
Åûªúø ’ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ Ø√éπÆæ©’-†-îª aü¿’.ii) Chandra: He went to a movie last night. =
(Åûª†’ E†o ÆœE- ÷-Èé-∞«xúø ’.)Surya: That's what I like least about
him, his going to movies too
often.
(ÅüË Ø√èπ◊ ¢√úÕ™ †îªaEC. ´’Káèπ◊\´ ÆœE- ÷©’ îª÷≤ƒhúø ’ ¢√úø ’.)
ÉO ´’† ÅÆæ çûª %-°œ hE, †îª aE N≠æߪ÷Lo, éÓ°æ ç ûÁ°œ pçîËN≠æߪ÷Lo ûÁLÊ° standard expressions. î√™«´÷ô©èπ◊ Ñ expressions ™ not ´*a ü∆E ûª®√yûªsuperlative degree ®√´ôç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË
Öçö«®Ω’. ÉC English ™ î√™« common. ´’†èπ◊éÓ°æ ç ûÁ°œpçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ real life situations ™áèπ◊\´í¬ØË Öçö«®· éπü∆. Å™«çô°æ ¤púø ’ °j expres-
sions ´’†èπ◊ î√™« Ö°æßÁ ÷-í∫°æúøû√®·.
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 259Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
I'm not at all pleased
v °æ ¡ o: éÀçC v°æ ¡ o-© π ◊ Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îª
1. He is a teacher, is he?
2. He is not a teacher, isn't he?
(explain the same way question
ment tags.)
3. Scarcely had the game startedbegan to rain.
4. No sooner had he heard the new
started off.
5. Hardly had I finished the work
picture started.
6. Barely had I gone there when he
7. I can wait unless and until he co
8. We can't wipe out this evil unles
the individual thinks so.
9. They were asked to maintain
failing which action would be
against them. ( How do we use t
'failing' which?)
10. Which words do we use inste
words 'eve teasers'?
–
K. Rama Krishn
ï- ¢√- •’:1. Åûª†’ Ö§ƒ-üµ ∆u-ߪ ·úø ’ éπü∆? (Is he?
2. Åûª†’ Ö§ƒ-üµ ∆u-ߪ ·úø ’ é¬ü¿’, éπü∆?Å®·ûË áèπ◊\´ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x, He is a/
a teacher ņo-°æ´îË a question ta
Öçúøôç, ™‰éπ§Ústatement part
not Öçúøôç, ™‰•öÀ d Öçô’çC.He is a teach
not ™‰ü¿’), 鬕ö dteacher, isn
(Question tag
´Ææ’hçC).
He is not a teacher (Ééπ\úø not ÖHe is not a teacher, is he? (Ques
not ™‰ü¿’)Sentences 3, 4, 5, 6 - OôEo- çöÀéà ŮΩn Å®·, Å´èπ◊çú≈ØË/ ¢ÁçôØË ÅE.3. Çô ¢Á ·ü¿-©®‚, Å´éπ´·çüË ´®Ω
Å®·çC. (Çô ¢Á ·ü¿-©®·† ¢Á çôØË).4. ÅûªØ√ ¢√®Ωh NF N†-èπ◊çú≈ØË, (N†o 5. Åûª†’ °æE °æ‹JhîËÆœ îËߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈
¢Á çôØË)....6. ؈-éπ\úÕéÀ ¢ÁSx, ¢Á∞¡xéπ´·çüË (¢ÁRx† ¢Á ç7. DE-éπ®Ωn ç ™‰ü¿’. O’®Ω ’ ®√Æœ† v°æ鬮Ω
Åûª†’ ´ÊÆh ûª°æ p, ´îËaçûª ®Ωèπÿ é¬îª’- What's the idea? (I can't wait
Å®Ωn ç ´Ææ’hçC)8. ´uéÀh Å™« Ç™-*ÊÆh ûª°æ p, Ç™-*ç
(unless=
ûª°æ p,until=
´®Ωèπ◊) Ñ îÁ´÷-°æ™‰ç. (Å®·ûË modern English
unless and until Åçûªí¬ Ç¢Á ÷-ü¿-ßÁ÷Unless é¬F until é¬F ¢√úÕûË î√©’)
9. Failing which = ™‰éπ§Ú-ûË/ Å™« ÅC ï®Ω-éπ\§ÚûË. °æJ- ¡Ÿ-v¶µ ºûª §ƒöÀ çî√îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. (ÉC ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’–Ö†oC Ö†oô’x ņ’- CÊÆh ¢√∞¡ŸxÅ™« îËߪ’-éπ§ÚûË (= failing which
Ωu BÆæ’éÓ¢√-Lq -´Ææ ’hçC.10. Eve teasers ņo ´÷ô corre
é¬ü¿’. English ™ Ñ expres
Teasing Girls ÅØË Åçö«®Ω’. Eve
´’†ç ¢√úË Å®Ωn çûÓ, English ™ ûÁLÆœ ™‰ü¿’.
- M.
EXERCISE
Practise aloud the following in English
Ritish: †’´¤y ´’Sx Ç©Ææ uçí¬ ´î√a¢˛. Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ †’´¤y Ø√Èé-°æ ¤púø ÷ éÓ°æ ç éπL-T≤ƒh´¤.
Dheeraj: Traffic jam ™ É®Ω ’-èπ◊\-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. àçîËߪ’-´’çö«¢˛?
Ritish: ´’Sx ÅüË ÷ô. éÌçîÁ ç ´·çü¿’í¬ •ßª’-©’-üË®Ω- aéπü∆?
Dheeraj: †’´¤y ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ Ø√éπÆæ©’ †îª aôç
™‰ü¿’. ؈’ 鬢√-©E Ç©Ææ uç 鬙‰ü¿’éπü∆. Ñ≤ƒ-J-ô’- çöÀ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ ç ®√èπ◊çú≈îª÷≤ƒhØË x.
ANSWER
Ritish: You are late again. You get on my
nerves in this matter.
Dheeraj: I was caught in a traffic jam. What
do you want me to do?/ What
could I do?
Ritish: The same thing again. You could
have started earlier.
Dheeraj: I am none too happy about the
way you talk. I am not late inten-
tionally. I'll see that this isn't
repeated. R
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í∫’®Ω ’- ¢√®Ωç 18 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «ü¿ ®√¶«ü
Tushar: Hi Dhaval, you appear very excited.
(†’´¤y î√™« Ö-ûª’qéπûªûÓ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.)
Dhaval: That I am, and there is reason for it.
(Å´¤†’. Åçü¿’èπ◊ 鬮Ωùç ÖçC.)Tushar: What could it be? (à¢Á’i ÖçúÌa?)
Dhaval: I am contesting the MLC elections.(؈’ ¨»Ææ-†-´’ç-úøL áEo-éπ-©èπ◊ §ÚöÃîËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.)
Tushar: Wish you all luck. But I'd like to know
how you got the idea.
(Fèπ◊ Ñ Ç™- ᙫ ´*açüÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ¢√-©E ÖçC.)
Dhaval: (I) got it on my own. I wish to become
a minister too.
(Ø√Íé ´*açDÇ™-. ´’çvA èπÿú≈ 鬢√-©ØËC Ø√ éÓJéπ.)
Tushar: Best of luck again.
(Åü¿%≠æ d ç E†’o ´Jçî√-©ØË Ø√ éÓJéπ.)Dhaval: Thank you. What do you think of my
decision?
(Ø√ Ç™- í∫ ’Jç* F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç?)Tushar: Well, what can I say? (àçîÁ°æ p-í∫©†’?)Dhaval: Just what do you feel about it? Is it a
good decision?
(ÅÆæ©’ ü∆E í∫ ’Jç* F ÅGµv§ƒßª’¢Ë ’çöÀ?´’ç* E®Ω gߪ’-¢Ë ’Ø√?)
Tushar: I'm afraid I can't say anything at this
stage. Are you really serious about it?
(Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-™‰†’. Ñ N≠æߪ’熒´¤y Bv´çí¬ØË Å†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o¢√? )
Dhaval: I am serious, of course. I've already
told a number of people about and
have done a bit of planning too.
(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ Øˆ’ í∫öÀ dí¬ØË ÖØ√o†’.É°æ p-öÀ Íé î√™«´’çCéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ »†’. éÌçûªv°æù«Réπ èπÿú≈ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÆæ ’-èπ◊Ø√o†’.)
Tushar: Then what's the big idea in asking my
opinion now?
(Åçû√ E®Ω g®·ç-èπ◊Ø√oéπ Ø√ ÅGµv§ƒßª’çÅúøí∫ôç™ àN’-öÀ ÖüË l ¡ç?)
Dhaval: Just for the sake of it. Come on. Out
with your opinion.
(ÜJ- Í陉. F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç îÁ°æ ¤p.)Tushar: Well, much might be said on both
sides.
(´’ç< îÁúø ÷ È®çúø÷ ÖØ√o®· = äéπ ®Ωéπçí¬´’ç*üË, ÉçéÓ®Ω-éπçí¬ îÁúø ÷†’.)
Dhaval: Why can't you be definite, Tushar?
(éπ*aûªçí¬ îÁ°æ p-èπÿúøü∆, ûª’≥ƒ®˝?)Tushar: As elections go these days, we can't
be definite whether contesting them is
good or bad.
(É°æ ¤úø ’ áEo-éπ©’ ï®Ω ’-í∫’-ûª’†o B®Ω’-†’-•öÀ dîª÷ÊÆh, ¢√öÀ™x §Úöà îËߪ’ôç ÆæÈ®j†ü∆, é¬ü∆ÅE éπ*aûª çí¬ îÁ°æ p™‰ ç.)
Dhaval: What do you think are my chances of
success?
(Ø√ Nï-ߪ÷- 鬨»© í∫’Jç* †’¢Ë y´’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o´¤?)
Tushar: It depends...
(î√™« ¢√öÀO’ü¿ Çüµ ∆®Ω°æúÕ Öçô’çC.)
Dhaval: I know what you mean. You are unwill-
ing to express an opinion on because
we are close. You are not being plain;
I can see that.
(F Å®Ωn ç Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ ’. ´’†ç ¶«í¬ ÆæEo-£œ «ûªçí¬ Öçúøôç´©x F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç îÁ°æ p-ö«EéÀN´·êçí¬ ÖØ√o´¤. †’´¤y Ö†o-ü¿’-†oô’x îÁ°æ p-ô癉ü¿’. ÅC ؈®Ωn ç îËÆæ ’-éÓí∫©†’.)
Tushar: I am not so sure I know much about
these matters.
(Ñ N≠æߪ÷©’ Ø√éπçûª ¶«í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’´¤.)Dhaval: As an MLC I want to do something for
the people.
(MLC í¬ v°æï-©Íé-ü¿Ø√o îËߪ÷-©E ÖçC.)Tushar: These words show you are on the way
to being a politician. You have my sup-
port. Go ahead. Wish you good luck.
(†’´¤y ®√ï-éÃߪ’- Ø√-ߪ’èπ◊úÕ ßË ’u ¶«ô™ØËÖØ√o- E Ñ ´÷ô©’ ûÁ©’-°æ ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·. Fèπ◊Ø√ ´’ü¿lûª’çô’çC. é¬E-ß˝’. í∫’ú -©é˙!)
Let's look at the following exchanges
between Tushar and Dhaval in the conver-
sation above.
1) Dhaval: What do you think of my decision?
(Ø√ E®Ωgߪ’ç í∫’Jç* †’¢Ë y´’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o´¤?)Tushar: Well, what can I say? (àç îÁ°æ pí∫©†’?)
2) Dhaval: Just What do you feel about it? Is it
a good decision? (ÅÆæ©’ ü∆E í∫’Jç* F ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç àN’öÀ? ´’ç* E®Ωgߪ’-¢Ë ’Ø√?)Tushar: I'm afraid I can't say anything at this
stage. (Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-™‰†’.)3) Tushar: Well much might be said on both
sides (È®çúø ’ ¢Á j°æ ¤™« îÁ°æ p- a.)4) Tushar: As elections go these days we can't
be definite... (áEo-éπ© -B®Ω ’-†’ -•-öÀ d Ñ ®ÓV™x´’-†¢Ë ’ç îÁ°æ p™‰ ç éπ*aûª çí¬)
5) Tushar: It depends...
(îÁ°æ p™‰ ç. î√™« ¢√öÀO’ü¿ Çüµ ∆®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC.)6) Tushar: I'm not so sure I know much about
these matters.
(Ñ N≠æߪ÷©’ Ø√éπçûª ûÁ©’-Ææ’-†E Ø√èπ◊ †´’téπ癉ü¿’.)
ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆?ûª’≥ƒ®˝ ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Lo ûÁ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ¢√-©Eüµ¿´∞¸ v°æߪ’ûª oç îËÊÆh, ûª’≥ƒ®˝ ûª† ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Lo éπ*a ûª çí¬ ûÁߪ’-ñ‰ßª’-úø 癉ü¿E. Real life situations ™´’†ç ´’† ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Lo éπ*aûª çí¬ Éö, Åö ûËLa îÁ°æ p-™‰E Ææ çü¿-®√s¥©’ î√™« Öçö«®·. Å™«çô°æ ¤púø ’´’† ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç éπ*aûª çí¬ ûÁ©°æèπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË çü¿’èπ◊¢√úË expressions ÉO:1) What can I say? (àç îÁ°æ p-í∫©†’?) = ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-
™‰†’. Åô÷ îÁ°æ p-™‰†’, Éô÷ îÁ°æ p-™‰†’ ÅE.a) You want my opinion after you've taken the
decision. What can I say?
†’´¤y E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª Ø√ ÅGµv§ƒßª’çîÁ°æ p- ’çõ‰ àç îÁ°æ p-í∫©†’?
b) What can I say?/ What do you want me to
say? = àç îÁ°æ p-†’?/ àç îÁ°æp- ’çö«´¤? (Now
that you've decided, I can only say that it's
good = †’´¤y E®Ωgߪ’ç BÊÆ-Ææ’èπ◊Ø√o´¤ 鬕öÀ d, ؈’îÁ°æp-í∫L-Tçü¿™«x ÅC ´’ç*ü¿ØË).
2) I'm afraid I can't say anything at this stage =
Ñ ü¿¨¡™ (Éçûª ®Ωèπ◊ ´*a† ûª®√yûª) ØËØË çîÁ°æ p-™‰†’. (Ø√ ÅGµv§ƒßª’ç É°æ ¤púø ’ îÁ°æpôç Ø√éÀ≠æ d 癉ü¿’.)
a) You're getting into action. I can't say any-
thing at this stage= †’´¤y (F E®Ωgߪ÷Eo) ÇΩù™ °ôd¶-ûª’-†o-°æ ¤úø ’ ØËØË ç îÁ°æ p-™‰†’ éπü∆. (؈’é¬ü¿çõ‰ †’´¤y F E®Ω g-ߪ÷Eo ÷®Ω’aéÓ´¤ éπü∆? ÅE)
b) You've decided. What's there for me to say?
†’´¤y E®Ωg®·ç-èπ◊Ø√o´¤. ؈’ îÁÊ°p-üË ·çCéπ?
3) Well, much might be said on
both sides. ÉC ´’†-èπ◊ É•sçCéπL-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x •ßª’-ô°æúË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøü¿í∫ _ expression. ´uA Í®-é¬Gµv§ƒßª’çûÓ Ö†o Éü¿lJ™á´Ko ØÌ°œ pçîªèπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË çü¿’èπ◊É™« ÅØÌa.
a) Bharat: Privatisation is the best solution to
all our problems. (´’† Ææ ’-Ææ u-©EoçöÀéà Åûª’u-ûª h´’ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç w°j¢ËöÃéπ®Ωù.Sharat: Not always, my dear friend. We can't
leave everything in private hands.What do
you say, Sampath?(ÅEo Nüµ∆™«é¬ü¿’. v°æAD private ߪ÷ï- ÷-Ø√u-©èπ◊ ´C-™‰ßª’™‰ ç. †’¢Ë y´’çö«´¤, Ææ ç°æû˝?)Sampath: Uh,... much might be said on both
the sides. (È®çúø ’ -¢Á j°æ ¤™« îÁ§Òpa.)b) Prasanth: The team is better off without
Ganguly (í∫çí∫÷L ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ØË team ¶«í∫’çô’çC).
Prasanna: It will not be in the interests of the
team. (Team èπ◊ ÅC ´’ç*C é¬ü¿’). What do
you feel, Prakash?
(†’¢Ë y´’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o´¤, v°æ鬨¸?)Prakash: Much might be said on both the
sides. (È®çúø ’ -Nüµ ∆™« îÁ§Òpa.)5) It depends... = ´’†ç ÉûªN’ü¿l ¥çí¬ ´’† ÅGµv§ƒ
ߪ÷Eo -ûÁL-ߪ’°æ®Ω-‰†°æ ¤p-úø ’, Eïçí¬ äéπ ÅGµv§ƒßª÷Eo ûÁL-ߪ’°æ®Ω-‰†°æ ¤p-úø’, äéπ °æJ-Æœ nAE ÆæJí¬_ÅçîªØ√ ¢Ëߪ’-™‰†°æ ¤púø ’, Ñ ´÷ô, 'It depends...'
Åçö«ç. ÉC English ™ î√™« common
expression. Åçõ‰ äéπ °æ®Ωu- ≤ƒ†ç î√™«¢√öÀO’ü¿Çüµ ∆®Ω°æúÕ Öçô’çC ÅE Å®Ωn ç.
a) Kumar: Will he make it to the finals?
(Åûª†’ finals èπ◊ î訽 ’-èπ◊çö«úø ç-ö«¢√?)Kavya: It depends..
(î√™«¢√öÀ O’ü¿ Çüµ ∆®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC)b) Jagan: Are you sure Srikar and Tej will
come? (Tej, Srikar ´≤ƒh-®ΩE †´’téπç Öçü∆?)
Ratna: It depends (îÁ°æ p™‰ ç)6) I'm not so sure I know much about these
matters =
Ø√èπ◊ -Ñ N≠æߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-†-E †´’téπç ™‰ü¿’.
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 260Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
It depends...
v°æ ¡o:
Can I know the meaning of
GRAMMAR'?
- Krishna Vyas, Chenn
-ï- ¢√- •’:'Lexical' means, connected
words in a language / dealing
words in a language. eg. Lexica
Words & phrases in a language
Grammar, as you know, deals
rules of construction of sentenc
correct use and placement of w
So, you see, lexical, and gramm
different things. Lexical gram
such, doesn't have any specific
We can't be sure of the mean
phrase, lexical grammar, unless
the context in which it is used.
v°æ ¡o:
1. How do we use the following s
els in conversation. Do give Telu
lations also.
be at loss to, be supposed to, be
be bound to, be liable to, be opt
the point of, be due to.
2. How do we use the following ph
Will be able to, may be able to, s
able to, would be able to, migh
to, would have been able to 3. What is English translation
ûÁ TçC.—
- K. Rama Krishna
-ï- ¢√- •’:
1. Ç semi models ÅEo-çöÀ™ èπÿú≈ '
à 'be' form Å®·Ø√ (am, is are
could be, etc) ¢√úø a– time
(tense) †’ •öÀd.2. He will be able to do it
= Åûªúø ’ îËߪ’-í∫©’í∫’û√úø ’ (future)
He may be able to do it
= Åûªúø ’ îËߪ’-í∫©í∫ a (presen
He should be able to buy a car;
Åûªúø ’ üµ¿E-èπ◊úË.Car
é̆-í∫L-T ÖçHe would be able to do it.
Åûªúø’ é̆-í∫-©’í∫’û√úø’. (í∫ûª¶µ ºN≠æ u-ûª’h†’ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç*†-°æ ¤púø ’)
Be able to= îËߪ’-í∫L-T Öçúøôç. °j®Ω÷§ƒç-ûª®√™‰.
He would have been able to do
= îËߪ’-í∫L-T ÖçúË¢√úË é¬F îËߪ’3. English ™ ´’†ç ¢√úË îÁ°æ ¤p-™«x çöÀ
(foot ware) èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰shoes ¢√úø ’-û√®Ω’, ™‰éπ§ÚûË slipp
ûÁí∫ ¤. ÅJT§Úû√®·. ü∆EéÀ ´÷ôÅJT§Ú®· *E-TûË, snap/ break.
- M.
EXERCISE
Practise the following aloud in English.
Ææçïß ’: †’-¢Ìy≤ƒh¢√ ´÷ûÓ picnic èπ◊?Nïß ’: Í®°æ ¤ °æJ-ÆœnAE •-öÀ d Öçô’çC.Ææçïß ’: Å´’-®√- AéÀ ¢Á∞«l ’-†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√oç. ÅC
´’ç* picnic spot éπü∆?Nïß ’: ØËØË ’çûª îÁ°æ p-™‰†’. ü∆E í∫’-Jç* -Ø√èπ◊ -
Åç-ûªí¬ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’.Ñ picnic éπçõ‰Åçü¿®Ωç éπLÆœ àüÁ jØ√ ´’ç* Ü®Ω ’¢Á∞Ôxa éπü∆?
Ææçïß ’: ü∆E N≠æߪ’ç Åçûª í∫öÀ dí¬ îÁ°æ p™‰†’ ؈’.
Nïß ’: ´’Sx ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç éπ©’ü∆l ç. Å°æ¤púø’ E®Ωg®·ç-èπ◊çü∆ç.
ANSWER
Sanjai: Will you join us for the picnic?
Vijay: Depends (on tomorrow's situation)
Sanjai: We're planning to go to Amaravathi.
Isn't it a good picnic spot?
Vijay: I can't say much about it. I am not
sure I know much about it. We can
go to some city instead of to
Amaravathi.
Sanjai: It's difficult to say anything definite
about it.
Vijay: We meet again this evening. Let's
decide then. R
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¨¡E-¢√®Ωç 20 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’ £j «- ü¿®√¶«-ü
Sundar & Sankar: Good morning, sir.
Murthy: Good morning, friends. I have some
special news for you. In a few days
from now, by the coming Monday the
23rd Jan, to be precise, our company
will have completed 24 years of suc-
cessful business, thanks to efficient
managers and executives like you.
(O’éÓ N¨Ï≠æ ç îÁ§ƒpL. O’™«çöÀ Ææ ’-®Ω’n™„ j†¢Ë ’ØËï®Ω’x, 鬮Ωu-E-®√y£æ «èπ◊© ´©x ´’† éπç°FÉçéÌCl ®ÓV™x, Åçõ‰ éπ*aûª çí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰´îË a ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ω ç, 23 ï†-´JéÀ, 24 à∞¡x Nï-ߪ’-´çûª¢Á’i† ¢√u§ƒ-®√Eo °æ ‹Jh îËÆæ’-èπ◊çô’çC.)
precise = éπ*aûª¢Á’i†; executives = éπç°F™x,éπç°F Nüµ∆Ø√-©†’ (policy) Å´’©’îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
Sundar: We understand sir. We are entering
the silver jubilee year the coming
Monday.
(Å®Ωn¢Á’i çC Ææ®˝, ´îË a ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç ´’†éπç°F ®Ωï-ûÓûª q´ Ææç´ûª q®Ω ç™éÀ v°æ¢ËPç-ûª’çC.)
Murthy: Exactly. We have certainly had a suc-
cessful innings so far. The credit goes
to you. Congratulations.
(´’† ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç É°æ p-öÀ ®Ωèπÿ Nï-ߪ’- çûª çí¬≤ƒTç-ü¿E éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. ü∆EéÀN’´’tLo ¢Á’aéÓ¢√L. Ø√ ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’.)
Sankar: You are behind it sir. Please accept
our congratulations sir.
(ü∆EéÀ 鬮Ωùç O’®Ω’ Ææ®˝. ´÷ ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’ Æ‘ yéπJçîª çúÕ.)
Sundar: I suggest that we celebrate the silver
jubilee in a fitting manner.
(ÆæÈ®j† KA™ ´’†ç Ñ ®Ωï-ûÓûª q¢√Eo E®Ωy
£œ «çî√L/ E®Ωy£œ «ç-éÓ¢√-©E Ø√ Ææ÷)Murthy: Certainly. What are your suggestions?
(ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈. O’ Ææ ÷™‰N’öÀ?)Sundar: Let's give it wide publicity '25 years in
the service of our customers, ...'
things like that in the media, sir.
(''ë«û√-ü∆®Ω’© ÊÆ´™ §ƒAÍé∞¡Ÿx..—— ™«çöÀv°æéπô†-©ûÓ ´’ç* v°æî√®Ω ç Éü∆l ç.)
Sankar: We could observe the whole year as
the silver jubilee year with special cel-
ebrations for a week ending on the
23rd Jan 2008.
(¢Á ·ûª hç àú≈ü¿çû√ ®Ωï- ûÓûª q´ Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωçí¬E®Ωy£œ «ç*, Jan 23, 2008ûÓ Åçûª ’ßË ’uNüµ ¿çí¬ äéπ ¢√®Ω秃ô’ v°æûË uéπ Öûª q¢√©’E®Ωy£œ «çîª îª’a)
observe = §ƒöÀ çîªôç.Sundar: I suppose we can give some special
bonus to the employees, sir.
(Æœ•sçCéÀ v°æûË uéπ ¶†Æˇ èπÿú≈ É¢Ìyîª aE؈-†’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o.)
Murthy: What's your suggestion, Sankar?
(F ÅGµv§ƒßª’¢Ë ’N’öÀ ¨¡çéπ®˝?)Sankar: How much bonus do you want to
announce, sir?
(áçûª ¶†Æˇ É¢√y-©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ω’?)Murthy: Let's discuss it with our finance man-
ager Sekhar.
(´’†ç ÅC ´’† °∂ jØ√Ø˛q ¢Ë ’ØËï®˝ ¨Ïê®˝ûÓîªJaü∆l ç.)How are our finances, Sekhar?
(´’† ÇJnéπ °æJ-Æœ nA ᙫ ÖçC ¨Ïê®˝?)
Sekhar: Our profits for the preceding six
months will allow a minimum bonus of
Rs.2500 per employee.
(í∫ûª Ç®Ω’ ØÁ©© ™«¶µ «©†’-•öÀ d äéÓ\ÖüÓu-TéÀ éπFÆæç È®çúø ’-¢Ë© Å®·üÌçü¿©¶†Æˇ ÉîË a O©’çC.)
preceding = v°œÆ‘úÕ çí˚ = í∫úø*†.Sundar: Er... wouldn't it be better if we gave
them Rs.2000/- in cash and a gift
worth Rs.500?
(äéÌ\-éπ\-JéÀ 2000 ®Ω ÷§ƒ-ߪ’© †í∫ü¿÷, 500®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© N©’´îËÊÆ é¬†’éπ ÉÊÆh Åçûªéπçõ‰ ¶«í∫’çô’çC éπü∆?)
Er...ûÁ©’-í∫ ’™ àüÁ jØ√ îÁÊ°p- ·çü¿’, Ç.. Åçö«çéπü∆– Å™«Sankar: We might as well give each employee
a 2 gm gold coin and silver cup worth
around Rs.500/-.
(´’†ç ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ã È®çúø ’ ví¬´·© •çí¬®Ω’-Ø√-ù„ ç, ®Ω ÷.500 N©’´ îËÊÆ ¢Á çúÕ éπ°èπÿú≈ É´ya.)
Murthy: This appears to be a better sugges-
tion. The gold coin could have the
company's name, logo and the words
silver jubilee (1984-2008) embossed
on them.
(Ñ Ææ÷ ÅEoç-öÀ-éπØ√o ¶«í∫’çC.•çí¬®Ω’ Ø√ù„ ç, ¢Á çúÕ éπ° O’ü¿ ´’†éπç°F Ê°®Ω’, *£æ«oç, silver jubilee
(1984-2008) ņo ´÷ô©’, Ö¶„ sûª’hí¬´·vCçîª îª’a.)
logo= *£æ«oç; emboss= Ö¶„ sûª’hí¬ ´·vCçîªôçX inscribe = îÁéπ\ôç. ´÷´‚©’í¬ Ø√ù«© O’ü¿´‚úø ’ Æœ ç£æ …©’ emboss îËÆæ’çö«®· éπü∆?
Ñ lesson ™ ´’†ç suggestions (Ææ ÷©’) É´yö«EéÀ ¢√úË standard expressions îª÷ü∆l ç.Suggestion -pronunciation= Ææï- ¡aØ˛. ï ØÌéÀ \°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Suggestion èπÿ, advice èπÿ ûËú≈ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? Advice (Ææ©£æ …) Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æߪ÷Eo
ᙫ îËߪ÷™ í∫öÀdí¬ ÉîË a Ç™-. Suggestion(Ææ ÷) Åçõ‰ Ç™- äéπöÀ Ææ÷*ç* ü∆EE §ƒöÀ çî√®√ ™‰ü∆ ņo N≠æߪ÷Eo °ü¿lí¬ °æöÀd ç-éÓéπ§Ú-´ôç. Suggestion, advice éπçõ‰ Ææ’Eo-ûªçí¬Öçô’çC.a) É™« îÁ®·u †’´¤y - Advice.
b) É™« îËÊÆh ¶«í∫’çô’çüË¢Á ÷ – Suggestion.
Study the following sentences from the
conversation above:
a) I suggest that we celebrate the silver jubilee
in a fitting manner.
b) Let's give it wide publicity.
c) We could observe the whole year as the sil-
ver jubilee year.
d) I suppose we can give some special bonus.
e) Let's discuss it with our finance manager.
f) Wouldn't it be better if we gave them Rs.2000 in cash and a gift worth Rs. 500/-.
g) We might as well give each employee ...
Suggestions ™ èπÿú≈ formal suggestions
(´’†-éπçõ‰ àüÓNüµ ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡xéÀîË a Ææ ÷-©’)èπ◊¢√úË expressions èπÿ, informal suggestions
(´’†ç ¶«í¬ ’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓí∫LÍí ¢√∞¡xéÀîË a Ææ÷-©)èπ◊¢√úË expressions èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC.°j† É*a† expressions ™ î√™«´’-ô’èπ◊ informal
expressions. ÅN:1) Let's give it wide publicity = ¶«í¬ v°æî√®Ωç
îËü∆l ç.Let's (let us) - ÉC informal. ÉçéÌEo informal
expressions.
2) We could observe ... = Silver jubilee Ææç´ûª q®Ωçí¬ §ƒöÀ çîª îª’a/ §ƒöÀ çü∆ç.
3) Let's discuss it = îªJaü∆l ç.4) We might as well give each
employee a gold coin = v°æAÖüÓu-TéÀ ã •çí¬-®Ω’-Ø√ù„çÉ¢Ìya.a) Let's ..., b) We could/ You
could, c) We might as well,
É´Fo informal expressions, Ææ÷-L- yö«EéÀ.ÉçéÌEo informal expressions:
1) What about/ how about
Ram: It is already 10.15. The train is at
10.30. I'm afraid we may miss it.
(É°æ p-öÀ Íé 10.15 Å®·çC. Train 10.30 éÀ. MissÅ´¤-û√-¢Ë ’¢Á ÷ ÅE-°œ≤ÚhçC).Syam: How about/ What about taking a
taxi? (ö«uéà q BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆´÷?/ö«uéà q™ ¢Á∞¡ü∆´÷?)2) See if you can.
eg: See if you can work for a longer time
every day to earn some extra money.
(Éçé¬Ææ h áèπ◊\´ Ææ 秃-Cçîªö«EéÀ Éçé¬Ææ h áèπ◊\´ÊÆ°æ ¤°æE-îËߪ’-í∫©¢Ë¢Á ÷ îª÷úø ’. °æE îÁ®·u ÅE Ææ ÷*çîªôç)
3) Why don't you?eg: Why don't you buy the car? It appears to
be good.
(Ç é¬®Ω’ ¶«í∫ ’-†o-ô’d çC. é̆-èπÿúøü¿÷? éÌØ√-©EÆæ÷).
É°æ ¤púø ’ formal suggestions èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions:
1) May I suggest ...?
eg: May I suggest that a bonus of 20% be
declared?
20 ¨»ûª ç ¶†Æˇ v°æéπöÀ çîª ’E Ææ÷*çîª î√a?=Ææ÷*Ææ’h-Ø√o†’ ÅE formal í¬ îÁ°æ pôç.
2) I suggest/ I would suggest
I suggest/ I'd suggest that the number of
holidays be reduced =
ÂÆ©´¤©’ ûªT_ çî√-©E Ææ÷*Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.3) May I make/ give a suggestion here?
= Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ ØËØÓ Ææ÷ îËߪ’- î√a?ÉO formal suggestions èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions:
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 261Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
I suggest that ..
v °æ ¡ o: 1. I welcome u always.
2. I say welcome to u always.
3. I always welcome u.
4. I always welcome to u.
5. I welcome u.
6. I whole heartedly welcome to
Which are correct in all ab
tences, if any mistake please
reason why it is wrong.
- Nag santos
ï- ¢√- •’: Sentence 4, I always welcom
and sentence No. 6 I whole
welcome to you always -
ûª°æ p N’í∫û√- Fo correct. ° æ≤ƒyí∫ûª ç ņo-°æ ¤púø ’ welcome
so Åçö«ç. °∂ 晫Ø√îÓöÀéÀ ≤ƒy°æ¤púø ’ welcome to a place ÅÈ®çúø ’ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x 'to' †’ welco
¢√úøû√ç. °∂晫-Ø√¢√JE -≤ƒyņo-°æ¤púø’, We welco
to ®√ü¿’, ´’†ç ≤ƒ
´uéÀ hE îÁ•’û√ç.Our hearty welcom
Chief guest.
(´·êu ÅAC∑éÀ ´÷ ≤ƒWe welcome the Ch
(´·êu ÅAC∑E ≤ƒyí∫A v °æ ¡ o: i) ØË †’ Féπ™« Å´é¬¨¡ç É´yèπ◊çú≈
ii) ØË †’ E†o ´*a Öçõ‰ Ñ®ÓV ¢Áiii) FéÓÆæç éπ∞¡Ÿx é¬ßª ’©’ é¬ÊÆ™«
É°æ ¤púø ’ ¢Á ∞¡-ü∆- ’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.-O-öÀᙫ Ö°æßÁ ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ ©-°æçúÕ.
v°æ鬨¸,
ï- ¢√- •’: i) I shouldn't have given yo
opportunity.
ii) If I had come yesterday, I m
gone today.
iii) After having waited (for agesI was just thinking of going a
éπ∞¡Ÿx é¬ßª’©’ é¬ÊÆ™« – ÉC ûÁ©’í∫ – DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† ¶µ «´ç English ™
v °æ ¡ o: I have a doubt regarding 'sm
hole'. What should we
'kannnam' and 'goyya'.
†OØ π ◊´÷® ,
ï- ¢√- •’: Kannam - éπ†oç Åçõ‰ hole ÅíÌ®·uéà hole ÅØË ¢√úøû√ç. íÌ´÷ô pit.
v °æ ¡ o: BIMONTHLY is used for FOR
LY as well. Can you give an e
elaborate the meaning.
†OØ ,
ï- ¢√- •’: Bimonthly Åçõ‰ 1) È®çúø ’ØÁ©
ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúø ’-≤ƒ®Ω’x – È®çúø ’ Å®√n©O’®Ω’ îÁ°œ p-†ô’x. FortnightlyÅç©èπ◊ (°æéπ~ç) -äéπ≤ƒJ ÅE. é¬Fbimonthly Åçõ‰ È®çúø ’ØÁ©©éÓÅ®Ωn çûÓØË ¢√úøû√®Ω’. ØÁ©èπ◊ ņö«-EéÀ fortnightly ÅØËüË¢√úøû√®Ω’. Twice a month
Åçö«®Ω ’. î√™« Å®Ω ’-ü¿’í¬ Ñ monthly Åçö«®Ω’.a) The committee meets for
(15 ®ÓV©éÓ≤ƒJ, ØÁ©èπ◊ È®çúb) We have bimonthly meet
(È®çúø’ØÁ©-©-éÓ-≤ƒJ ´÷Öçö«®·.)
- M.
EXERCISE
Practise the following aloud in English:
Murthy: Silver Jubilee °æ ¤®Ω-Ææ\-Jç--èπ◊E éÌûª hÖû√p-ü¿-éπû√ (productivity), áèπ◊\´ Ææ 秃-ü¿Ø√ ©é~ ¬u-©†’ °ô’dèπ◊çü∆´÷?
Sankar: í∫ûª Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωç éπçõ‰ 10% áèπ◊\´ Öû√p-ü¿-éπû√ ©éπ~uç Ø√ Ææ ÷.
Sundar: ´’J-éÌEo, Åçõ‰ éπFÆæ ç 5 ¨»ê©ØÁ jØ√ ûÁ®Ω-¢√L, Ñ ®Ωï-ûÓûª q´ Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωç™. ¢ËûªØ√©Â°ç°æ ¤-ü¿© èπÿú≈ Ø√ Ææ ÷.
Sekhar: ÅC ´îË a Ææ ç´ûª q®√-EéÀ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ëü∆l ç.Sankar: éÌçûª ™«¶µ «™x éÓûª ûª°æpéπ§Ú®·Ø√, silver
jubileeÆæ ç´ûª q®Ωç™ ÉÊÆh ¶«í∫’çô’çC éπü∆?Murthy: É´Fo Ç™-*ü∆l ç.
ANSWER
Murthy: On the occasion of silver jubilee shall
we have new targets for productivity and
turnover?/ let's have new targets for ...
Sankar: I suggest a 10% higher target in pro-
ductivity.
Sundar: We can open some more branches,
at least 5 more branches in this silver
jubilee year. May I also suggest a
wage rise?
Sekhar: Let's postpone it until next year.
Sankar: Wouldn't it be better if we sanctioned/
announced the wage rise in the silver
jubilee year?
Murthy: Let's think of all these. R
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 10/14
≤Ú- ’- ¢√®Ωç 22 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«- ü
Dileep: I've just been looking for you and you
are here. (I am) relieved to see you.
(F éÓÆæ¢Ë ’ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o†’, †’¢Ë y ÖØ√o-Néπ\úø..E†’o îª÷úøôç °ü¿l relief í¬ ÖçC.)
Relieved= àüÓ Â°ü¿l •®Ω ’´¤ CT§Ú-®·† ņ’-¶µ º´ç Å®·ûË, Å°æ ¤púø ’, relieved Åçö«ç.
My son has tested negative for jaundice.
I am relieved/ feel relieved/ feel greatly
relieved/ What a relief!/ It's a big relief=
´÷ Ŷ«s®·éÀ ¢Á jü¿u-°æK-éπ~™ 鬢Á’®Ω’x ™‰ü¿EûËLçC. ÅC NE Ü°œJ °‘©’aèπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’/N´·éÀ h §ÒçC-†-ôx†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o-†’/ -ØÁAhO’C°ü¿l •®Ω ’´¤ CT†-ô’x çC.
Sreenu: Nice to see you too. What could you
be looking for me for? (E†’o îª÷úøôç
Ø√èπ◊ èπÿú≈ Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. -üËEéÓÆæ çØ√éÓÆæç îª÷Ææ’h-†oöx?)Dileep: Could you do me a favour?
(Ø√éÓ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫©¢√?)Sreenu: Certainly, if only I can. Come on, what
is it? (؈’ îËߪ’-í∫L-TûË ûª°æ péπ îË≤ƒh. îÁ°æ ¤p.àçôC?)
Dileep: Hope you don't mind a little trouble I
am going to give you. (Fèπ◊ ؈’ éπL-TçîË v¨¡´’ °æöÀd çéÓ´E ÇP-Ææ’hØ√o.)
Sreenu: Come on, Dileep. What exactly is it?
What can I do for you? (àçôC?ØËFoÍéç îËߪ’-í∫©†’?)
Dileep: You know for long I've been thinking of
building a house. I need a bank loan
for it. I thought you could be of help in
getting it. (î√™«é¬©çí¬ É©’x éπö«d©†’-èπ◊ç
ô’-Ø√o-†E Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’éπü∆. ü∆EéÀ ¶«uçé˙®Ω’ùç Ø√éπ´Ææ®Ω ç. ÅC §Òçü¿-ö«EéÀ †’´¤y≤ƒßª’-°æúøí∫©´E ؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o).
Sreenu: I'll do it for you, but I don't think you
need anybody's help. If you have the
right documents and the right security,
the banks will only be too eager to
offer the loan. (îË≤ƒh†’, é¬E Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ FÈé- J ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√-©E ؈-†’éÓ†’. ÆæÈ®j† °ævû√©’ F ü¿í∫ _®Ω’çõ‰, †’´¤yÆæÈ®j† £æ …O’ ÉÊÆh ¶«uçèπ◊©’ ®Ω ’ù«L- yö«EéÀÇvûª çí¬ØË Öçö«®·.)
They will only be too eager... Ééπ\úø too
Ö°æßÁ ÷í∫ ç, so that not ûÓ Ææ ÷-†çí¬ Å®·,negative meaning ®√ü¿’. É™«çöÀîÓôx ´’K¶«í¬ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ´Ææ’hçC.I shall only be too happy to get Crores of
rupees in a lottery =™«ôK™ éÓôx ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ ®√´ôç Ø√èπ◊ ´’KÆæ çûÓ≠æ¢Ë ’.
In what other way can I be of help
you, then? (Éçéπ/ Å™«çö°æ ¤púø ’ ØËØËNüµ ¿çí¬ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ …ߪ’çí¬ Öçúøí∫©†’?)
Dileep: Let me explain. I need your help in
getting the loan quickly, and in the
matter of more instalments. (îÁ°æ pF.Ç ™Ø˛ ûª y®Ωí¬ ´îË a N≠æߪ’ç™, áèπ◊\´¢√®·ü∆© N≠æߪ’ç™ F Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç 鬢√L.)
Sreenu: I'll do it for you. Just let me know how.
(-FéÓÆæ ç îË≤ƒh-†’. ᙫ îËߪ÷™ îÁ°æ ¤p.)Dileep: The manager of the bank knows you
very well. (¶«uçèπ◊ ¢Ë ’ØËï®˝èπ◊ †’´¤y ¶«í¬ûÁ©’Ææ ’.)
Sreenu: So, would you like me to put in a word
in your favour? (鬕öÀ d, Féπ†’-èπÿ©çí¬ ã´÷ô ÅûªúÕûÓ îÁ°æ pØ√?)
Dileep: Exactly, and... (ÅüË, Éçé¬...)Sreenu: Perhaps I could stand guarantee for
the loan too. Is it that? (Ç ®Ω’ù«EéÀ ؈’£æ …O’í¬ Öçú≈L. ÅçûËéπü∆?)
Dileep: That'd be very kind of you. I'd be
delighted if you were prepared to do
that, provided it's no trouble for you.
(ÅC íÌ°æ p Ææ£æ …ߪ’¢Ë ’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. FÍéçtrouble ™‰éπ§ÚûË, ü∆EéÀ †’´¤y Æœü¿l ¥¢Á’iûËØ√èπ◊ Ææ çûÓ≠æ¢Ë’.)
Kind= ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωn ç ü¿ßª’. é¬F á´È®jØ√´’†èπ◊ Ææ£æ …ߪ’çîËÊÆh ´’† éπ%ûªïcûª ûÁ©°æö«EéÀ,That's very kind of you Åçö«ç. -ÉC O’conversation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.delight = Ææ çûÓ≠æç
Sreenu: Is there anything else I can do?
(؈’ ÉçÍé´’Ø√o îËߪ’í∫©Ø√?)
Dileep: Nothing more. I can manage the rest.
(ÉçÍéç-™‰ü¿’. N’í∫û√ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ -ØË-†’îª÷Ææ’éÓí∫©†’.)
Ñ conversation Åçû√ äéπJE Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç Åúøí∫ö«EéÀ, äéπJéÀ Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç -îËߪ’ö«EéÀ/ Æœü¿l ¥°æúøö«EéÀ ¢√úËexpressions ûÓ Öçúøôç O’®Ω’ í∫ ’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.É°æ ¤púø ’ ´’†ç real life situations ™ äéπJ Ææ£æ …ߪ’çÅúøí∫ú≈EéÀ/ §Òçü¿-ú≈EéÃ, äéπJéÀ Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç -îËߪ’-ú≈EéÀ¢√úË standard expressions ´÷vûª-¢Ë’-é¬-èπ◊çú≈,≤ƒßª’ç §ÒçC-†-°æ¤púø’ thanks îÁ°æ p-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úËexpressions èπÿú≈ îª÷ü∆l ç.Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above.
1) Could you do me a favour?
2) Certainly, if only I can. Come on, what is it?
3) Hope you don't mind a little trouble I'm going
to give you.
4) What can I do for you?
5) I thought you could be of help in getting it.
6) I'll do it for you.
7) In what other way/ How else can I be of
help to you?
8) Would you like me to put in a word in your
favour?
9) That'd be very kind of you.
10) Is there anything else I can do?
°j sentences ™ 1), 3), 5) Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç ÅúÕ Ííçü¿’-èπ◊/§ÒçüË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË expressions. É™«çöÀ expres-
sions ™ formal í¬ ¢√úËN äéπ®Ωéπçí¬, informal í¬¢√úËN ´’®ÓNüµ ¿çí¬ Öçö«®·.Informal expressions:
a) How about helping me with a little money?
(´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îªßª’ç ÖçúÕ îª†’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓí∫L-Íí¢√-∞¡x†’ Ææ£æ …ߪ’ç ÅúÕ Ííçü¿’èπ◊.)
b) Can you help me carry this?
c) Will you give me a lift upto the college?É´Fo èπÿú≈ informal ways of asking for help.
Formal expressions:
a) Could you do me a favour?
Ø√éÓ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√? ÉC î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿-°æ ‹®Ωyéπçí¬, ü∆ü∆°æ ¤ •A´÷-©’-ûª’-†oô’d ÅúÕ Íí Nüµ ∆†ç.
b) Could you pay the telephone bill for me?
Here is the bill and the money =
Ø√ telephone bill é¬Ææ h éπúøû√¢√/ éπúøû√®√? –ÉNíÓçúÕ, bill, úø•’s©÷.
c) Could you take me to the doctor?
Hope you don't mind - O’é𶵠ºuçûª®Ωç ™‰ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«†’ (àü¿Ø√o ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-ö«EéÀ)
(ÉCî√™« formal expression- ´’†-éπõ‰ d °æJ-îªßª’癉E-¢√-∞¡xûÓ/ - ’-†-éπçõ‰ àüÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l¢√-∞¡xûÓ.)
Hope you don't mind my
using your phone= ÉC help
鬴a/ permission 鬴a.
I thought you could be of
help in this matter. (Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ O’®Ω’ Ææ£æ …-ߪ’-°æúø-í∫©®ΩE؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o)
a) You could help me by showing how to do it=
ÅC ᙫ îËߪ÷™ îª÷°œ ç* Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æúø a (≤ƒßª’-°æúø çúÕ)
b) You could help understand this, couldn't
you? = ÉC ؈’ Å®Ωn ç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ØË çü¿’èπ◊ é¬Ææ h ≤ƒßª’çîËߪ’çúÕ.
≤ƒßª’ç ÅçCç-îË ç-ü¿ ’ π ◊ ÆæçÆœ-ü¿l ¥ûª ûÁLÊ° expres-
sions É°æ ¤púø ’ îª ÷ü∆lç. É™«çöÀ expressions
°j† îÁ°œ p† sentences No. 2), 4), 6), 7), 8) and
10) ™ îª ÷úøçúÕ. Ñ offers of help ™ πÿú≈ for-
mal and informal Öçö«®·.
1) What can I do for you?
2) Can I help you?/ Can I be of any help?
3) Let me help you.
4) Is there anything I can do? (to help you)? =
؈’ îËߪ’-í∫© ≤ƒßª’ç à´’Ø√o Öçü∆?É´Fo èπÿú≈ formal/ informal í¬ ¢√úø a.éÌçîÁç formal expressions.
1) Could I help you?
2) Shall I help you?
3) If you don't mind, I'll do it for you.
¶«í¬ formal í¬ ÖçúË expressions.
1) May I help you?
2) May I be of any help?
3) May I be of any assistance?
ûª°æ p- π ◊çú≈ äéπ JéÀ 鬢√Lq† ≤ƒßª ’ç îË ßª ’-ú≈-EéÀÆœü¿ l ¥¢Ë’ ÅØË ¶µ «´çûÓ ¢√úË expressions.
1) If/ In case you need my help, let me know=
Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√Lq´ÊÆh, -ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ßª’çúÕ/ ûÁ©°æ çúÕ.2) If I can do anything, feel free to let me know
= ØËØË ’Ø√o ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫L-TûË, Ææ yûª çvûªçí¬îÁ°æ pçúÕ.
3) If I can be of help don't hesitate to let me
know = ؈’ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫©†-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ Åúøí∫ú≈EéÀÆæçéÓ*çîª ü¿’l. (hesitate= Ææ çéÓ*çîªôç)
≤ƒßª ’ç §ÒçC†°æ¤púø ’ éπ %ûª ïcûª ûÁLÊ° Nüµ ∆Ø√©’:1) Thank you - ÉC î√™« common, ´’†çü¿-JéÃ
ûÁ©’Ææ’.2) That's very kind of you/ thoughtful of you.
3) That'd be welcome.
4) I'd be delighted.
5) That's very good of you.
6) I don't know how I can thank you.
7) I'm really grateful to you.
(greatful= éπ%ûªïcûªí∫©)8) Thank you. Hope I'm not troubling you.
OöÀ†-Eo-öÀE conversation ™ Ŵ鬨¡ç ´*a†-°æ ¤-úø™«x¢√úÕûË ´’† ¶µ «≠æ™ ÅC ¶µ «í∫¢Á’i§Ú®·, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’èπ◊çú≈ØË correct í¬ ¢√úøí∫©’-í∫’û√ç.
EXERCISE
Make as many sentences as you can, on the
following pattern.
Subject verb object '...ing' form
I saw the thief entering the house.
(üÌçí∫ ÉçöxéÀ v°æ¢ËP-Ææ’hçúøí¬ Øˆ’ îª÷- »†’.)He hears her singing in the morning.
(§Òü¿’l† Ç¢Á’ §ƒúø ’-ûª’çõ‰/ §ƒ-úøôç Åûªúø ’ Nçö«úø ’.)
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 262Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
Could you do me a favour?
v°æ ¡ o: Can you please tell me the
between 'ADVICE' and 'ADV
- Deepika Pinja
ï¢√•’:
Advice is noun, and advise is v
Look at the following sentence
1) I want advice on this matter.
(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ©£æ … é¬(advice = Ææ©£æ…)
2) Please advise me on this m
(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç™ Ææ©£æ … É´yçúÕ= Ææ©£æ… É´yôç)Advise = give advice
Advise verb Å®·†çü¿’†, advise
ÅØËN ¢√úøû√ç. Advices, ad
´÷ô©’ ™‰ ¤.v°æ ¡ o: My name is Sekhar. I have a
spoken English. I can read
can understood well. But I h
to speak up. I want to im
speaking in English. How c
come this problem? - Sekha
ï¢√•’:
The best way to speak in Eng
speak on (´÷ö«xúËߪperhaps are afraid t
might laugh at you.
care. Speak on. Y
develop speaking En
habit. Don't worry
may make mistakes
of time you'll find a lot of improve
Read as much English as you ca
ten to TV English newscasts.
v°æ ¡ o: I got one doubt that is...
I am going to Bheemavara
voice). Change into the passi
- Y. Ramakrishn
ï¢√•’:
I am going to Bheemavaram -
tence has no passive form. O
having objects can be put in
voice. In your sentence the verb
has no object. (Am going what?
whom? - These question have n
á´JE ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’? üËEo ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√v°æ ¡o-©èπ◊ answer ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀ d, am
object ™‰ü¿-†o- ÷ô.) Such verbs
passive voice. Verbs with object
have passive voice. üËEo A†ôçA†ôç? Åçõ‰ answer ´Ææ’hçC é¬object ÖçC, Åçü¿’-éπE passive ´ÆæÅ®·ûË, Imperative sentences (Çïc†©÷, N†o§ƒ©’ ûÁLÊ° ¢√é¬u-©)™verbs (intransitive verbs) èπ◊ èπÿú≈Öçô’çC. é¬F Ç passive form î√éπ%ûªéπç (artificial)í¬, àüÓ gramma
†-ô’d çô’çCé¬E, spoken English
Ææ£æ «ïçí¬ Öçúøü¿’.v°æ ¡ o: May I know the name of a 'Pa
ple?'. What is the one-word fo
of form or character'?
- S. Chandrasekhara Ra
ï¢√•’: 1) Parsees do not have th
of temple worship - so n
temple in Parsee langua
2) Metamorphosis =
change of form or charac
- M.
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 11/14
•’- üµ ¿¢√®Ωç 24 -ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «-ü¿ ®√¶«- ü˛
Virat: Hi Brihat, Where have you been till
now? Your were to take me to the engi-
neer the day before yesterday. I Waited
and waited but no trace of you. Your
cell was switched off too.
(áéπ\úø ’-Ø√o´¤ É°æpöÀ ®Ωèπ◊? ¢Á ·†o-†í¬ †’´¤y††’o Engineer ü¿í∫ _®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ ’-Èé-∞«xLqçC. F
éÓÆæ ç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷ÊÆh F ñ«úË ™‰ü¿’. Fcell
èπÿú≈ ÇÊ°Æœ ÖçC.)Brihat: I've a good reason, Virat.
(ü∆EéÓ •©¢Á’i† 鬮Ωùç ÖçC.)Virat: I can see that. You don't appear to be in
the best of spirits. What's wrong?
(؈®Ω n ç îËÆæ’-éÓí∫©†’. àçöÀ, †’¢Ë y´’çûªÆæ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ éπE-°œ çîªúø ç ™‰ü¿’? à¢Á’i çC?)
in the best of spirits = Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬/ Öû√q£æ «çí¬.
Brihat: I have bad news. My uncle passedaway the day before yesterday. It was
early in the morning. The end was sud-
den.
(ã Ũ¡Ÿ-¶µ º¢√®Ωh. ¢Á ·†o §Òü¿’lØË o ´÷¶«¶«ß˝’ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø ’. £æ«®∏ √-†t-®Ωùç)
Virat: Really sorry to hear that. How is it I did-
n't know that? My condolences to you.
(Ç ´÷ô N†-ú≈EéÀ Eïçí¬ Nî√-J-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.Ø√Èéçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-™‰ü¿’ ´’J? Fèπ◊ Ø√Ææ çû√°æ ç.)
Brihat: I thought of calling you and telling you
of it, but you are getting ready to have
the foundation stone ceremony of your
house. I didn't want to give the bad
news during such an auspicious time.
(Fèπ◊ phone îËÆœ îÁ•’ü∆´’†’-èπ◊Ø√o é¬F O’
ÉçöÀ ¨¡çèπ◊-≤ƒn-°æ† ÆæØ√o-£æ …™x ÖØ√o´¤.Å™«çöÀ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ ºÆæ ’ßª’ç™ Ñ îÁúø ’ ¢√®ΩhîÁ°æ púø ç Ø√éÀ≠æ d 癉éπ§Ú-®·çC.)
Virat: Even your cousin Sai didn't tell me of it.
(O’ cousin – ¶«¶«®· éÌúø ’èπ◊– ≤ƒ®· èπÿú≈Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æ p-™‰ü¿’.)
Brihat: For the same reason. That's why we
didn't respond to calls from you.
(ÉüË é¬®Ωùç. Åçü¿’-éπØË F calls èπ◊ èπÿú≈Ææ ÷-üµ ∆†ç É´y™‰ü¿’.)
Virat: Thank you for being so considerate
though I should have liked your inform-
ing me of it. I would have paid my last
respects to him. I feel bad about it.
(Ø√ í∫’Jç* Åçûª ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷-Aí¬ Å†’-èπ◊†oçü¿’èπ◊ Thanks. Å®·Ø√ O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°œ p-´¤çõ‰ ¶«í∫’çúËC. *´J-≤ƒJí¬ Çߪ’†’o
îª÷ÊÆ-¢√-úÕE. O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°æ p-éπ-§Ú- ôçEïçí¬ ¶«üµ ¿í¬ ÖçC.)Brihat: He did not here but in Hyderabad. I had
to leave suddenly. Sorry, Sai or I didn't
inform you of it.
(Çߪ’† îªE§Ú®·çC Ééπ\úø é¬ü¿’ £j «ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛™. ؈’ Å°æ p-öÀéπ°æ ¤púø ’ ¢Á∞«xLq ´*açC.؈’-í¬E, ≤ƒ®·-í¬E Fèπ◊ îÁ°æp-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊sorry.)
Virat: I wish to send my condolences to Sai
and the other members of the family. I
think he was about 55 years of age -
too young to die.
( Sai éÀ Éûª®Ω èπ◊ô’ç-•-Ææ-¶µº’u-©èπ◊ Ø√Ææ çû√°æ ç ûÁ©§ƒ-©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o†’. Çߪ’-†èπ◊55 à∞¡x†’-èπ◊çö«– î√´¤-éπC *†o- ߪ’ÊÆ.)
Brihat: He used to like me very much.
(؈çõ‰ Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ É≠æ d°æúË¢√úø ’.)Virat: May his soul rest in peace.
(Çߪ’† Çûª tèπ◊ ¨»çA éπ©í¬L.)Brihat: So May it.
(Å™«ØË ï®Ω-í¬L.)English ™ formalities èπ◊ (°æü¿l ¥-ûª’-©èπ◊) -î√™«v§ƒüµ ∆†uç Öçô’çC. v°æA Ææ çü¿-®√s¥Eéà ûªT† expres-
sions Öçö«®·, ÅN ¢√úøôç ᙫíÓ ûÁ©’Ææ ’-éÓ¢√L.á´È®jØ√ îªE-§Ú-®·†-°æ ¤púø ’ (May God forbid) Å™«çöÀN ï®Ω-í¬©E é¬ü¿’, é¬E ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«®· éπü∆!Ñ ¶µ «´çûÓ ¢√úË expression:
May God forbid = Å™«çöÀN üË´¤úø ’ ï®Ω-í∫E- yèπ◊çú≈Öçúø ’-í¬éπ. Ææ çû√°æ ç ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË standard
expressions É°æ ¤púø ’ îª÷ü∆l ç.´’®Ω-ù¢√®Ωh N†o-°æ ¤púø ’ ´’†ç ûÁLÊ° Ææ çû√°æ ç.condolences (éπçúÓ™„ØÁ qÆ)– 'úÓ— ØÌéÀ\°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.DØÁ o-°æ ¤púø ÷ plural ™ØË ¢√úøû√ç. condolence ÅØË´÷ô™‰ü¿’.Now, look at the following sentences from
the conversation above.
1) Really sorry to hear that.
2) My condolences to you.
3) I'd have paid my last respects.
4) I wish to send my condolences to Sai and
the other members of the family.
5) May his soul rest in peace.
°j Fo èπÿú≈ death news N†o-°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úË standard
expressions.
1) Really sorry to hear that =
ÅC N†-ö«EéÀ Eïçí¬ Nî√-J-Ææ ’h-Ø√o†’. à ü¿’®√y®ΩhNØ√o Ñ expression ¢√úøû√ç.a) I am sorry to hear the news of his father's
death.
b) It's very unfortunate. What a tragedy! =
î√™« ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%≠æ d ç. áçûª Ç°æü¿!c) Really shocking that he should die/ died
so young.
Åçûª *†o ´ßª’-Ææ’™ §Ú´úø ç î√™« Cví¬s¥ çAéπ®Ω ç.
d) Oh, what a way to die! =
ᙫçöÀ î√´¤ ´*açC! (ÉC ´·êuçí¬ acci-
dent ™ØÓ, -á´JØÓ ®ΩéÀ~ç®· îªE-§Ú-®·†-°æ ¤púÓ ¢√úË ÷ô.)
2) My condolences to you =
Fèπ◊ Ø√ Ææ çû√°æ ç. ÉC ´’†ç ´’%ûª’úÕ èπ◊ô’ç•Æ涵 º’u©†’ -ãü∆Í®açü¿’èπ◊ ÅØË ´÷ô.a) My heartfelt condolences to you =
Ø√ Bv´ Ææ çû√°æ ç.b) I express my condolences =
Ø√ Ææçû√°æç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.c) I offer/ send my condolences =
Ø√ Ææ çû√°æ ç ´uéπh-°æ®Ω ’-Ææ ’h-Ø√o†’.d) I convey my condolences =
ÉC éÌçîÁ ç formal.
3) Pay last respects =
´’%ûª’-©èπ◊ ´’† *´J îª÷°æ ¤.4) May his/ her soul rest in peace =
ÅûªúÕ/ Ç¢Á’ Çûª tèπ◊ ¨»çA éπ©’-í∫’-í¬éπ.Please accept my condolences ÅE èπÿú≈Ææ çû√°æ ç ûÁ©°æ a.I offered him my condolences over the
death of his father = I condoled with him in
the death of his father =
ÅûªúÕ ûª çvúÕ ´’%AéÀ ÅûªúÕéÀ Ø√ Ææ çû√°æ ç ᙫûÁ©°æ†’?Offer/ give/ send/ express/ convey condo-
lences to some one = condole with some
one.
(condole ûª®√yûª with ûª°æ péπ ´Ææ ’hçC.)
DEéÀ Ææ ç•çCµç*† Éûª®Ω ´÷ô©’:How did he die? / What did he
die of? =
ᙫ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’?(´’®Ω-ùÀç-îªúøç ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, die
ņúø ç Åçûª ´’ç* ´÷ô é¬ü¿-†’-éÌE î√™«´’çC expire/ demise
ÅØË ´÷ô©’ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’– ÉC ņ-´-Ææ®Ω§ƒçúÕûª uç. Die Åçõ‰ îªE-§Ú- úø ç ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ¢√úøôç, unpleasant ´÷ô é¬ü¿’. Ææ£æ «-ï-¢Á’i†English (natural spoken English) ™ die î√™«common - Éçü¿’™ Æ涵 ºuûª é¬EüË ç™‰ü¿’. Pass
awayÅE èπÿú≈ ņ- a).When did he die?/ When did the end come?
á°æ ¤púø ’ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø ’?bereaved family = ´’%ûª’© èπ◊ô’ç•çbereavement = (èπ◊ô’ç•ç™) ´’%A.ÉO î√´¤èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô©’May god forbid our use of these words =
É™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ ¢√úË Å´é¬¨¡ç üË ¤úø ’ ®√E- yèπ◊çú≈Öçúø ’í¬éπ!
EXERCISEPractise aloud sentences on the following
pattern.
sub verb noun/ for noun orpronoun pronoun
1) He bought a sari for his wife
2) She cooked food for me
Noun Åçõ‰ any name: üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’†ç ÉîË a Ê°®Ω’–´’E≠œ/ ïçûª’´¤/ ´Ææ’h´¤, etc., (Teacher, lion, pen,
etc)
Pronoun - noun èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úË, he, she, is, they,
I, we, you ™«çöÀN.
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 263Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
Really sorry to hear that
Q. How do we use the following m
in conversation. Do give Telug
tions also.
had as well, had best, can't h
hear, can't stand, must needs
well, can't help, but can make noyou beat it.
- K. Rama Krishn
had as well- DEéÀ v°æûË u-éπçí¬ Å®Ωn ç´¤†o-ô’x™‰ü¿’. Åûª†’ ¢Á∞«xúø ’, Ç¢Á’ ¢ÁRx çgone; she had as well (Ç¢Á’ èπÿú≈"They had bought a Car" "We ha
''¢√∞¡Ÿx car éÌØ√o®Ω’—— ''¢Ë ’´‚ éÌØ√oç—— had best= had better= (ã °æE
´’ç*C. a) You don't appear to b
had best/had better consult a doc
†’´¤y èπ◊™«≤ƒí¬ éπE°œ çîªúø ç ™‰ü¿’.îª÷-úøôç ´’ç*C.
Can't help= ûª°æpü¿’.If you want a car, you can't help
money =
é¬®Ω ’ éÌØ√-©çõ‰ úø•’s ê®Ω’a °ôdôç
If you are truthful, you can't help of others = †’´¤y Eñ«--ߪ’Bí¬ FéÀûª-®Ω’© ¨¡vûª’ûª yç ûª°æ pü¿’.
If you walk in rain, you can't
drenched = ¢√†™ †úÕÊÆh ûªúø éπ ûª Can't hear= N†-™‰éπ§Ú- ôç.
I can't hear anything against Gan
í¬çDµéÀ ´uAÍ®-éπçí¬ ØËØËO’ N†-™‰†’. Can't stand= Can't bear= ¶µ ºJç‰
Kashmiris can't stand the heat of
úµ ÕMx ¢ËúÕE é¬Qt-K©’ ¶µ ºJç‰®Ω’.She can't stand people abusing
band=
ûª† ¶µ º®Ωh-†’ -Éûª®Ω’©’ Aôdúø ç Ç¢Á’ Æ棜 Must needs - ÉC ¢√úø ’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’
must ¢√-úøû√®Ω’. ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ îËߪ÷L é¬F DEéÀ èπÿú≈ °æ ‹Jh Ç¢Á ÷ü¿ç ™‰ü¿’
He needs must do it (= Åûª†C ûª°æ ÅØË •ü¿’©’ He needs to do i
He must do it ÅE é¬F Å¢Á’®Ω’í∫’. May as well= ÉC èπÿú≈ -îË
ÅE. Why does he want u
him. He may as well come
¢Á’çü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªE ü¿í∫ _®Ω-Èé-∞«x©ÅûªØË Ééπ\úøèπ◊ ®√´îª’a éπü∆.
Instead of his doing it, I may as
I may do it as well= ü∆Eo ¢√úø ’îËÊÆîËßÁ ·îª’a éπü∆.
Can't help but - Ñ expression w
help ÅØ√o ÅØ√L, Can't but ÅØ√È®çúÕçöÀéà ŮΩn ç ûª°æ pü¿’ ÅE.
I can't help going there= ؈-éπûª°æ pü¿’= I can't but go there.
He can't help spending the mon
ê®Ω’a ûª°æ pü¿’= He can't but spend
(Can't help + ing form= Can't
Regular Doing Word)
Can make nothing ÅØË expressio
make nothing out of something Å– ÅüËO’ -Å®Ωn ç 鬴ôç ™‰ü¿E.He can make nothing out of her w
´÷ô©ûªE-éπ®Ωn ç Å´ôç ™‰ü¿’. Can you beat it? Åçõ‰ ü∆Eo ÅCµí∫N
ÅE. Åçõ‰ äéπ éπ≠æ d¢Á’i† N≠æߪ÷Eo í∫©¢√ -ÅE.
Living in Vijayawada can you bea
mer heat?= Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçô÷ ûª°œ pç-éÓí∫©¢√?
- M.
v °æ ¨¡ o:
1. ''O’ Ø√†o Ø√ûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕ-Ø√úø ’.—— -D-E-EÉçTx≠™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
2. ''O’ Éçöx Æ涵 º’u-©†’ ÅúÕT†ô’x îÁ°æ ¤p.—— Ñ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx≠™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
3. Four rupees - four rupee. -à-CÆæÈ®j çC? 300 rupees - 300 rupee.
Which is correct? N´Jçîª çúÕ.4. éÀ çC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωn ç
îÁ°æ pçúÕ.1. Delhi king also mother's son.
2. Crore educations feed for ... ÉN¨¡çéπ-®˝-ü∆-ü∆™™«í¬ Å®Ωn ç´îË a ¢√é¬u©’.ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ Å®√n©†’ ûÁ©°æçúÕ.
– ñ„ . °æ ¤≥ƒpç-ïE, †çCéÌô÷\® .
ï- ¢√- •’:
1. Your father has talked to me.
2. My regards/ best wishes/ wishes/
enquiries to the members of your family.
3. Four, three hundred, ÅØËN plural 鬕öÀ d four
rupees, three hundred rupees ÅØË ÅØ√L.Å®·ûË ÉC Ø√©’í∫’ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© (Åçõ‰ ÅçûªêKü¿’ îËÊÆ) pen ņo-°æ ¤púø ’, it is a four rupee
pen; Å™«Íí ÉC 300 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© (Åçõ‰®Ω÷. 300 êKü¿’ îËÊÆ) book ņo-°æ ¤púø ’, It is a
three hundred rupee book Åçö«ç.4. O’®Ω’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ω nç îÁ°æ p- ’†o ¨¡çéπ®˝-ü∆ü∆ ÆœE-
´÷-™E English ¢√é¬u©’ ÆæÈ®j† English ™™‰ ¤. ÅN ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ö†o ´÷ô©†’ Å™«ÍíûÁ©’í∫ ’ ´®Ω-Ææ™ØË English ™éÀ ´÷Ja†N. 1)úµ ÕMxéÀ ®√ï-®·Ø√, ûªLxéÀ éÌúø ’Íé. 2) éÓöÀ Nü¿u©’èπÿöÀ éÌ®Ω Íé.
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
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¨¡Ÿ- v éπ ¢√®Ωç 26 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «-ü¿ ®√¶«- ü
I. Bhargav: Hello, is it 257702284?
(All phone numbers here are fictitious.
Ééπ\úÕ phone †ç•®Ω’x Íé´©ç éπLp-û√©’.)Vaibhav: Yes.
Bhargav: Can I speak to Vaibhav?
Vaibhav: Speaking. And who's this?
(´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. ÉüÁ ®Ω÷?)Bhargav: Hi, Vaibhi, it's Bhargav here. How
are you? (؈’ ¶µ «®Ω_¢˛ ´÷ö«xúø ’ûª’-Ø√o†’. ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?)
Vaibhav: Fine. Thank you. How are you? Nice
to hear your voice again after such a
long time. What's the matter?
(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o. †’´¤y èπ◊™«≤ƒØ√? î√™«é¬©ç ûª®√yûª®·Ø√ F íÌçûª’ N†ôçÆæ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC. àçöÀ N¨Ï≠æ ç?)
Bhargav: So am I. A piece of happy news. My
sister's marriage has been fixed. It's
the 13th next month. (I am) calling
you just to share the happy news.
(Ø√èπÿ ÆæçûÓ≠æ¢Ë ’. ã ¨¡Ÿ¶µ º¢√®Ωh. ´÷ îÁ™„ xL°Rx E¨¡aߪ’- ’-®·çC. ´îË aØÁ© 13†. ÑÆæ çûÓ≠æ ç FûÓ °æ ç-éÓ¢√©E phone îË ».)
Vaibhav: Very happy to hear it. Congrats to
her. (NØË çü¿’èπ◊ î√™« Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬ ÖçC.Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅGµ†çü¿-†©’.)
Bhargav: Can I speak to aunt and uncle? I
wish to give them the news too.
(O’ Å´÷t, Ø√Ø√o ÖØ√o®√? ¢√∞¡xèπÿÑ´÷ô îÁ§ƒp-©E ÖçC.)
Vaibhav: Oh, sure. But only mom is in, Dad's
out on business. Here, over to mom.
(ûª°æ p-èπ◊çú≈. Å®·ûË Å´’t ´÷vûª¢Ë ’
Éçöx ÖçC, Ø√†o °æE-O’ü¿ •ßª’-öÀÈé∞«x®Ω ’. ÉCíÓ Å´’tûÓ ´÷ö«xúø ’.)
II. Anil: Is it 47957021?
Amar: Yes.
Anil: Can I speak to Mr.Amar?
(Å´’-®˝ûÓ ´÷ö«xúø´î√a)Amar: Speaking. May I know who you are?
(´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. O’È®- ®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)Anil: I'm Anil. Hope you remember me. We
met a few days ago at the country club.
(؈’ Anil. O’®Ω’ ††’o í∫ ’®Ω’h-°æö«d®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«.éÌEo-®ÓV© éÀ çü¿ô ´’†ç country club ™éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.)
Amar: Oh sure, how are you Mr.Anil?
Anil: Fine. Thank you. Hope you are fine too.
(èπ◊™«≤ƒØË. O’®Ω ÷ èπ◊™«≤ƒØË éπü∆?)Amar: OK. Thanks. What can I do for you?
(èπ◊™«≤ƒØË. îÁ°æ pçúÕ. ؈’ O’Íéç îËߪ’-í∫©†’?)Anil: I want to see you about some of our
products. Can you give me an appoint-
ment to meet you?
(´÷ ûªßª÷K (Öûªpûª’h) ©†’ í∫ ’Jç* N’´’tLo éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÖçC. N’´’tLo á°æ ¤púø ’,áéπ\úø éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-©†oC îÁ•’-û√®√?)
Appointment = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωn ç ÖüÓuí∫ Eߪ÷-´’éπç. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ Ææ çü¿-®√s¥™x– á´J-ØÁjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-©†’-èπ◊çõ‰, Å™« éπ©’-Ææ ’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†-éÀîË a Ææ ’ßª’ç, v°æüË ¡ç.
a) "I have an appointment with the CM today."
´·êu- ’çvAE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√-Lq† à®√p-ô’çC Ø√éîÓV."When is the appointment?"
b) Meeting the CM is only by appointment =
´·çü¿’-í¬ØË EKgûª Ææ ’ßª’ç, v°æüË »™x éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØËà®√p-ô’çõ‰ØË, ´·êu- ’çvAE éπ©’-Ææ’-éӴa.
c) Consultation with the doctor is only by
appointment = ´·çü¿’í¬ à®√pô’ îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o time
v°æé¬®Ω¢Ë ’ doctor ûÓ Ææ çv°æCç°æ ¤©’.d) I am here by appointment = ´·çü¿’í¬
ņ’-èπ◊†o time, v°æüË ¡ç v°æé¬®Ω¢Ë ’ ØËE-éπ\úø ’Ø√o.III. Prem: Hello, I'd like to speak to Mr. Syam.
Ram: Who's (who is) calling please?
(á´®ΩçúŒ phone îËÆæ’h-†oC?)Prem: I am prem, his friend, and this is urgent
please.(؈’ Prem, ÅûªE ÊÆo£œ «ûª’-úÕE. ÉC é¬Ææ hurgent.)
Ram: Please hold on while I find out if he can
take the call. He is in a meeting.
(Line ™ Öçúø çúÕ, O’ûÓ ´÷ö«xúøí∫©Í®¢Á ÷éπ†’-èπ◊\çö«. Çߪ’ØÓ meeting ™ ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
Prem: OK. Could you be fast?
(Å™«Íí. éÌçîÁ ç ûª y®Ωí¬ é¬E- yçúÕ.)
IV. Praful: Is it Suprachar Ad Ltd.?
(ÉC Ææ ’v°æî√®˝ Ads company ßË ’Ø√?)Prasanna: Yes. What can we do for you?
(Å´¤†’. îÁ°æ pçúÕ O’Íéç 鬢√™?)Praful: May I know who's (who is) speaking?
(á´®Ω’ ´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)Prasanna: I'm Prasanna, Manager, front office.
May I know who you want to speak to?
(v°æÆæ†o, Ééπ\úø v°æñ« Ææ ç•çüµ ¿ N¶µ «í∫ ç officer †’.á´JûÓ ´÷ö«xú≈©†’-èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)
(Front office: °ü¿l °ü¿l company ©™ v°æñ«Ææ ç•çüµ ¿ N¶µ «í∫ ç. Company ™ v°æï©, customers,
Nî√-®Ω-ù©èπ◊ Ææ ÷-î√®Ωç ûÁLÊ° N¶µ «í∫ ç. ÉN ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ company office ™ ´·çü¿’ hall ™/ í∫C™Öçö«®· 鬕öÀ d OöÀE front offices Åçö«ç.)Praful: Good morning. Can you put me
through to your Manager, Marketing please?
(O’ Marketing Manager èπ◊ line/ connection
É≤ƒh®√, please?)
Prasanna: Could you please hold on? I've to
check whether he is in or out.
(line ™ Öçö«®√? Çߪ’† office ™ ÖØ√o®Ó ™‰®ÓûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ¢√L.)
Praful: OK.
Prasanna: He is not in, Mr. Praful. Have you
any message to be passed on to him?
(Çߪ’† ™‰®Ω’. O’®√-ߪ’-†- Íé-´’Ø√o ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ®Ω-îª ’çö«®√? / O’Í®- ’Ø√o Çߪ’-†èπ◊ Ææ ÷-î√®Ωç ´÷ûÓ´ü¿-©ü¿-©îª’-èπ◊Ø√o®√?)
Praful: Just tell him I've called and to call me
as soon as he is back.
(à癉ü¿’. ؈’ phone îË »-†F, ®√í¬ØË Ø√èπ◊
phone îËߪ’- ’E îÁ°æ pçúÕ, î√©’.)Prasanna: Oh, sure.
Praful: Thank you.
Phone îËߪ’-ôç™ formal calling èπÿ, informal
calling èπÿ ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. ´’†ç Ææ yûªçvûª ç BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ îËÊÆ informal call èπÿ, ´’†ç î√™« íı®Ω-´çí¬,Åçûª ÆæEo-£œ «ûª’©’ é¬E-¢√-JéÀ îËÊÆ formal calls èπÿî√™« ûËú≈ Öçô’çC. àüË ’-®·Ø√, Ææ çü¿-®Ωs¥ çûÓÆæ ç•çüµ ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúËô°æ ¤púø ’ î√™«Ææ p≠æ d çí¬, (íÌù’-í∫’úø ÷, Ææù’í∫’úø ÷ ™‰èπ◊çú≈) îÁ§ƒp-©†’-èπ◊†oC Å´ûªL ¢√∞¡xéπ®Ωn ’-ßË ’u™« îÁ°æ p-í∫©í¬L. Phone
™ ´÷ö«xúËô°æ ¤púø ’ ´’† íÌçûª’™ ´’† ¶µ«´ç Ææ’p¥JçîËô’x çú≈L. DEéÀ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô B®Ω÷, ´÷ô©’(ᙫ °æ©éπJçî√L ™«çöÀN) É°æ ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆l ç.
Phone îËߪ ’ôç: Phone, ring
up, give a ring, give a tinkle,
call, make a call. OöÀ™xModern English usage ™áèπ◊\-´í¬ N†-°æ-úËC, call.
Å°æ ¤púø°æ ¤púø ’ phone, ring up,
give a ring. OöÀ™x call ûª®√yûªáèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø ’-ûª’-†oC phone
(somebody). Ring up, give a ring - British
English. Give a tinkle - totally out dated (§ƒûª•-úÕ§Ú-®·çC). Call Åçõ‰ °œ©´ôç ÅØË Å®Ω nçÖçü¿E ´’†çü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ ’.
Phone in: 1) ´’†ç ÖüÓuí∫ç îËÆæ’h†o office èπ◊,ÆæçÆæ nèπ◊ îËÊÆ phone. I have phoned in my tourprogramme = Ø√ tour programme N≠æߪ’çphone îË »†’ ´÷ office èπ◊/ Ææ çÆæ nèπ◊.2) TV Programmes ™ ´’†ç ´’† ÅGµv§ƒßª÷©’
ûÁ©°æú≈EéÀ, TV anchor ûÓ ´÷ö«xúË çü¿’èπÿ, ´’†v°æ ¡o©’ Åúøí∫ö«EéÀ phone îËߪ’ôç èπÿú≈.
Viewers may phone in during the programme
= programme Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ phone
îËߪ’- a. Éçé¬ îª÷úø çúÕ.
a) Fèπ◊ phone Öçü∆? = Are you on phone?
b) I am on phone. Could you mute the TV = ؈’phone îËÆæ’hØ√o. TV E é¬Ææ h mute îÁß˝ ’.
ÉO telephone èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*† ´÷ô©’. É°æ ¤púø ’telephone ™ ´÷ö«xúË B®Ω’ îª÷ü∆l ç.Look at conversation I: ÉC Éü¿l®Ω’ friends´’üµ ¿u
informal phone conversation éπü∆? ÅEo infor-
mal situations ™†÷, î√™« formal situations
™†÷ ¢Á ·ôd¢Á ·ü¿ô ´’†ç ÆæÈ®j† number °œL-î√´÷ÅE E®√l ¥®Ωù îËÆæ’-èπ◊çö«ç. (ûª®Ωîª÷ phone îËÆæ ’-èπ◊ØË¢√∞¡Ÿx Å´ûªL-¢√∞¡x íÌçûª’ Ææ ’©¶µºçí¬ØË í∫’®Ω’h-°æõ‰ dÆæ’hçö«®Ω’. Å™«çô°æ ¤púø ’, Can I speak to/ Am I
speaking to ... ÅØË ´÷ô© Å´Ææ®Ω ç Öçúøü¿’.)Conversation I I îª÷úø çúÕ.ÉC éÌClí¬ formal. éÌçûªé¬©ç éÀ çü¿õ‰ °æJ-îªßª’-¢Á’i†-¢√-∞¡x ’üµ ¿u phone conversation. Ééπ\úø é¬Ææ h ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L formality N≠æߪ’ç™. Mr. Amar
(Mister ÅØËC formal).
Amar: Speaking. (ÉC Can I speak to Mr.
Amar? èπ◊ correct response. Practice
îËߪ’çúÕ.)May I know who you are?. ´’†èπ◊ phone îËÆæ’h-
†o-üÁ ®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´ö«EéÀ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ ÅúÕ Ííquestion. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰, Who's (Who is) this
please?. (á´®ΩçúŒ phone îËÆæ’h-†oC? –´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúøí∫ôç.)
What can I do for you? (àç 鬢√L O’èπ◊?– ÅE´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúøí∫ôç.)
Conversation III. ´’†ç phone îËÆæ’h†o ´uéÀhé¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’®Ó ´uéÀ h á´®ΩØ√o phone áAhûË,Å°æ ¤púÕ™« Åçö«ç. I'd (I would) like to speak to
Mr.Syam. ÉçéÓ Nüµ¿çí¬, Could you get
Mr.Syam on the line, please? (¨»u熒 °œ©’-≤ƒh®√?/line É≤ƒh®√?)
™„ jØÓx Öçö«®√? ™„ jØÓx Öçúø çúÕ = Please hold on.Please be on the line - ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’.Can you put me through to your Manager
Marketing? / Can you connect me to Manager
Marketing? - Ééπ\úø can èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ could Éçé¬áèπ◊\´ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçô’çC.
Prasanna (conversation IV): He is not in.
Have you any message to be passed on to
him? (Phone Åçü¿’-éÓ¢√-Lq† ´uéÀ h ™‰†-°æ ¤púø ’, Çߪ’-†- Íé´’-®·Ø√ îÁ°æ p- ’çö«®√? ÅE ÅúÕ Íí Nüµ ¿ç ÉC.ÉüË Å®Ωn çûÓ ´’J-éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’.a) Have you any message for him?
b) Could I take a message?
(O’ ´®Ωh- ÷†ç à´’Ø√o Öçü∆ Çߪ’-†èπ◊?)c) Would you like to leave a message?
– ÉC î√™« formal.
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 264Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
I'd like to speak to ..
v °æ ¡ o: ÉçTx≠ ví¬´’-®˝™ being §ƒvûªN´®Ω çí¬ ûÁ L-ߪ’-îË ßª’çúÕ.1. Being Doctor, he is n
regular practice.
2. We are very pleasurefu
Sonia Gandhi on being e
president of AICC.
3. The walls are being painte
– °œ.Ê£«´’çû ,
ï-¢√-•’:Being Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’- ©x /Å™« ÖçúøÅ®Ωn ç.i) a) Being rich he can buy a ca
(üµ ¿E-èπ◊úø ’) Å´ôç´©x car é̆-í∫b) Being weak, he is unable to w
•©£‘ «†çí¬ Öçúøôç´©x †úø ™‰úø ’c) Being a leader, he should no
that = Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úÕí¬ ÖçúÕ Å™« ´÷Çߪ’†.
ii) Being elected president of
president of AICC í¬ á†’o
áEo-Èéj†çü¿’- ©x.on being elected ...
ôçûÓØË. ÉD D†®Ωn ç.elected president of
drove to her AICC
President í¬ áEo-éπ´ûª† office èπ◊ ¢ÁRx çC.
O’ sentence ™-E pleasureful
¢√-úø ’éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. •£æ ›¨¡ O’®Ω’ †oC, We were happy about
elected president of AICC. (´ôç ´÷èπ◊ Ææ çûÓ≠æ ç éπL-Tç*çÅ®Ωn çûÓ on being ®√ü¿’.
iii) being painted- ÉC be + past
passive form.
The walls are being paint
®Ωçí∫’-¢Ëߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®· É°æ ¤púø ’.Being painted the walls are®Ωçí∫’ ¢Ëߪ’-•-úøôç´©x íÓúø©’ ¢Á’®ΩÅ®·ûË, painting °æ ‹®Ωh-®·ûË,having been painted the walls
ing = paint îËߪ’-úø çûÓ, íÓúø©Ø√o®·.
v °æ ¡ o: 1. He should have gone to t
marriage.
2. He would have gone to t
marriage.
3. He might have gone to t
marriage.
4. He may have gone to th
marriage.
°j ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç N´– îª ç
ï-¢√-•’:1) He should have gone to suresh's
(The suresh marriage ņç éπü∆) ¢Á∞«xLqçC, é¬E ¢Á∞¡x™‰ü¿’. (NCµí¬ îËîËߪ’-™‰ü¿’).
2) He would have gone to Suresh's
= Ç Â°RxéÀ ¢Á∞¡ŸxçúË¢√úË é¬F ¢Á∞¡x™‰ü¿’.3) He might have gone to Suresh's
= Ç Â°RxéÀ ¢Á∞«xúË¢Á ÷. (¢Á∞¡Ÿx çúÌa, ¢ÁúÌa – Ææ çüË£æ «ç)
4) He may have gone to Suresh's
(¢Á∞¡Ÿx ç-úÌa °RxéÀ– ¢Á∞«x-úø-†-ö«-EéÀáèπ◊\´ – Might have gone Åçûªé¬ü¿’. See also spoken Englis
138, 139 and 140.)
- M.
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 13/14
Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 28 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «- ü¿ ®√¶«-ü
I. Brinda: Hello, this is Brinda speaking. May
I know who you are please.
(£æ«™, •%çü¿ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.O’È®- ®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´î√a?)
Mukta: Hi Brinda, you are speaking to Mukta.
What a surprise! How are things
going?
(ã •%çü∆! †’´¤y ´·éπhûÓ ´÷ö«xúø ’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤/ ؈’ ´·éπh†’. áçûª Ǩ¡a®Ωuç! ᙫÖØ√o´¤?)
Brinda: You haven't been phoning either.
(†’´‹y phone îËߪ’-õ‰ xü¿’í¬!)Mukta: The fault is on both sides. But why this
call now; all so suddenly?
(Éü¿lJD ûª°æ¤pç-C™‰. Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ É°æ¤púŒphone áçü¿’-éÓÆæ ç?)
Brinda: Today is a holiday and I rememberedyou. I thought I'd just say hello to you.
(Ñ ®ÓV ÂÆ©´¤, †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-î√a´¤.àüÓ °æ©éπJ-ü∆l ’E phone îË »)
Mukta: That's very good of you.
II. Ravali: This is Ravali speaking. Is it
Consolidated Real Estates Ltd.,
please?
(ÉC Consolidated Real Estate
Company ßË ’-Ø√?)Rasagna: Yes, it is. What's it please?
Ravali: May I have some detailed informa-
tion about the plots and flats you
are selling?
(O’®Ω- ·t-ûª’-†o plots, flats †’ í∫’Jç*†
N´®Ω¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç É´yí∫©®√?)Rasagna: With pleasure, of course. But it is
not a matter to be talked of over
phone. Could you make it to our
office any working day between 10
and 5?
(Ææ çûÓ≠æ çí¬. Å®·ûË phone ™ îªJaçîªí∫-L-T† *†o ´u´£æ …®Ω ç é¬ü¿’ í∫ü∆? O’®Ω ’à working day Å®·Ø√, 10 †’ç* 5™°æ© ´÷ office èπ◊ ®√í∫©®√?
Ravali: Your office is too far off for me and
I am very busy as working days.
(O’ office Ø√èπ◊ î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç.Working days™ Ø√èπ◊ BJ-èπ◊çúøü¿’.)
Rasagna: That's all right. Just let's know
where you live and give us a time
when you are available. One of our
marketing people will visit you and
give you the details, Mrs.Ravali. By
the by is this your phone number?
can we call this to contact you?
(àç °∂ æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. O’È®-éπ\úø ’çö«®Ó àtime ™ ®Ω´’tçö«®Ó îÁ°æ pçúÕ. ´÷ mar-
keting Æœ•sçC™ á´®Ó äéπ®Ω’ O’ü¿í∫ _®Ωèπ◊ ´≤ƒh®Ω’. ÅEo N´®√©÷ É≤ƒh®Ω ’®Ω´R. -ÅCÆæ Í®. ÉCO’ phonenumber
éπü∆? Ñ number ûÓ O’èπ◊ phone
îËßÁ ·î√a?)Ravali: Yea. That's the number. I am always
available on the number.
(Å´¤†’. ÅüË Ø√ number. Ç number
™ ØËØÁ°æ ¤púø ÷ Öçö«†’.)Rasagna: Thank you.
III. Govinda: Hello, who is it? Sorry I am
unable to hear you. There is too
much of noise around here.
Could you be a little louder?
(£æ «™, á´®ΩçúŒ? O’®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC NE-°œ çîªô癉ü¿’. Ééπ\úø î√™« íÌúø í¬ ÖçC.O’®Ω’ é¬Ææ h Gí∫ _®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«xúø-û√®√?)
Gopal: I can see that. I will call you back
in ten minutes.
(؈®ΩnçîËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’. ´’®Ó °æCEN’≥ƒ™x O’èπ◊ ´’Sx phone îË≤ƒh†’.)
IV. Srinath: Hello, who is it, please? Oh,
Mr.Srinivas. I am driving. Could
you call me a little later?
(Hello, á´®Ω çúŒ. XE-¢√Æ. ØËE-°æ ¤púø ’drive îËÆæ’hØ√o. é¬Ææh -ûª®√yûª phone
îË≤ƒh®√?)Srinivas: OK. I will.
Srinath: I'll call you back/ get back to you
myself after I get off from the
vehicle.
(O’èπ◊ ØËØË phone îË≤ƒh†’, •çúÕ Cí¬_ØË.)Srinivas: It's OK.
Ñ lesson ™-E È®çúø’ conversations ™ èπÿú≈¢Á ·ü¿ô ´÷ö«xúÕ†-¢√∞Ïx ûª ’ Ê°®Ω’, N´®√©÷ îÁ°æ pôçí∫ ’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’.äéπ¢Ë∞¡ Å´ûªL¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁÊ°pC ´’†èπ◊ à 鬮Ωùç ´©x®·Ø√ ÆæJí¬ NE-°œ çîªúø ç ™‰ü¿-†’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√∞¡x†’´’Sx îÁ°æ p- ’-ØË çü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË polite expression.
a) Who is it, please? Once again.
(á´®ΩçúÕ? ´’Sx îÁ°æ pçúÕ)b) Pardon (éπ~N’çîªçúÕ). Phone Ææ 綵 «≠æù™ØË
é¬èπ◊çú≈ Å´ûªL-¢√∞¡x ´÷ô©’ ´’†èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ N†-°æúøéπ§ÚûË Ñ ´÷ô (pardon) Åçö«´’E ´’†™î√™« ´’çCéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÉC éÌçîÁ ç formal í¬Å®·ûË Beg your pardon Åçö«ç.
c) I'm sorry. I'm unable to hear you. Could you
be a little clearer?
(O’®Ω’ îÁÊ°pC Ø√èπ◊ NE-°œ çîªôç ™‰ü¿’. é¬Ææ h
ÉçéÌçîÁç Ææ p≠æ d çí¬ îÁ•’-û√®√?)d) Could you repeat yourself please?
I couldn't hear you/ catch you.
(O’®Ω’ ´’®Ó≤ƒJ îÁ•’-û√®√? O’®Ω’ îÁ°œ pçC ؈’N†-™‰éπ§Ú-ߪ÷†’.)
´’†ç Car, two wheeler ™«çöÀN drive îËÆæ÷hcell phone ™ ´÷ö«xúø™‰éπ§ÚûË Å°æ ¤púø ’ ¢√úËexpressions.
a) Sorry I am driving. Could you call me a little
later?/ I will call you back some time later.
(؈’ drive îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. é¬ÊÆ-§ƒT phone
îË≤ƒh®√?/ ؈’ O’èπ◊ phone îË≤ƒh†’.)É´Fo èπÿú≈ conversations 3 and 4 ™ÖØ√o®· éπü∆.äéÓ\≤ƒJ phone ™ disturbances ´©x ´’†çN†-™‰éπ§ÚûË ÅØË ´÷ô©’.
a) Sorry. Your voice isn't clear. Could youplease be clearer?
(O’ íÌçûª’/ ´÷ô©’ ÆæJí¬ NE-°œ çîªúø 癉ü¿’. é¬Ææ hÆæ p≠æ d çí¬ îÁ•’-û√®√?)
b) I hear some noises over the line/ The line
isn't clear/ your voice isn't clear. Could you
disconnect and call/ try again?
(Line Åçû√ íÌúø í¬ ÖçC. phone °õ‰ dÆœ ´’Sxphone îËߪ’çúÕ/ v°æߪ’-Aoçîª çúÕ.)disconnect = ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆. phone °õ‰ dߪ’ôç.phone °õ‰ dߪ’ôç/ phone ™ ´÷ö«xúøôç Çʰߪ’-ö«EéÀ ÉçéÓ ´÷ô, hang up (disconnect).
Ranjan: Is that all or have you any thing more
to say? I am in a hurry.
(ÅçûËØ√, ÉçÍé- ’Ø√o îÁ§ƒpLq Öçü∆? ؈’ûª y®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL)
Raghav: Wait (please). Don't
hangup yet. I have a
lot more to tell you.
(Çí∫’/ Çí∫ çúÕ. Å°æ ¤púËphone °õ‰ dߪ’èπ◊. ؈’Éçé¬ î√™« îÁ§ƒpLqÖçC).
Ranjan: I'm sorry. I haven't the time right now
to listen to you.
(É°æ ¤púø ’ †’´¤y îÁÊ°pC NØË çûª time ™‰ü¿’Ø√èπ◊. Sorry)
Raghav: Look, Revathi, Ranjan has hung up in
the middle of the conversation.
(îª÷úø ’ Í®´B, -Ø√ ´÷ô© ´’üµ ¿u-™ØËphone °õ‰ d »úø ’ Ranjan.)
Revathi: That's very rude of him. When he
makes a call he never ends it. He
goes on talking for hours on end.
(Åûª†™« îËߪ’ôç î√™« Å´’-®√u-ü¿éπ®Ω ç.Åûª†’ phone îËÊÆh á°æ p-öÀéà °õ‰ dߪ’úø ’.í∫ çô© ûª®Ω-•úÕ ´÷ö«xúøû√úø ’.)
Phone Ææ 綵 «≠æù ´·Tçîªôç = end a call.
-´÷-öÀ-´÷-öÀéà phone ¢Á÷í∫’ûª÷ Öçúøôç =Ringing off the hook.
a) The phone in the press office has been ring-
ing off the hook for more information about
the ministers' involvement in the scam.
Ç èπ◊綵 ºéÓùç™ Ç ´’çvûª’© §ƒvûª í∫ ’Jç* Ææ ÷-î√®Ωç éÓÆæ ç, °ævAéπ Ç°∂ ‘Ææ’™ phone ´÷-öÀ ÷-öÀéâÁ ÷í∫’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC.
b) The hospital phone has been ringing off the
hook with offers of blood donation to save
the baby's life.
Ç Gúø f v§ƒùç 鬧ƒ-úøôç éÓÆæ ç, ®Ωéπh-ü∆†ç ÉîË a ¢√J Phone ©’ -´÷-öÀ ÷-öÀéà ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.ÉO phone conversation èπ◊ Ææ ç•çCµ ç*†´’JéÌEo expressions.
EXERCISE
Look at the following sentence:
Smoking is bad for health (Smoking Ç®Óí¬u-EéÀîÁúø ’). We can use 'To smoke' instead of the
'smoking' in the sentence above. The meaning
does not change.
To smoke is bad for health (= smoking is bad
for health.)
Write as many sentences as you can, in which
the '.... ing' form can be changed into the infini-
tive (like, 'to smoke')
eg: Walking is good for health = To walk is good
for health.
É™« 'ing' form •ü¿’©’ infinitive ¢√úÕ O’èπ◊O©®·†Eo sentences ´÷ö«xúø çúÕ.
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 265Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
Who is it, please?
v °æ ¡ o:
i) äéπ ´uéÀ hE °æJ-îª ßª ’ç îË Ææ ’-èπ◊ØË´uéÀ h How do you do?
response ᙫ Öçú≈L?
ii) °æJ-îª ßª ’ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ nice to(or) nice meeting you, gla
you Åçõ‰ ´’† respon
Öçú≈L? ´’†ç èπÿú≈ nice to
too ÅØ√™« ™‰ ü∆ àNüµ ¿çí¬ ÉçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈ Éçé¬ àNüµ ¿çí¬îª ߪ ’ç îË Ææ ’-éÓ´î√a?
iii) ÉçTx≠ ØË®Ω’aéÓ´ú≈EéÀ Å™«ÍíAccent éÓÆæç à¢Á ’iØ√ ûÁ L-ß
iv) Idioms & Phrases èπ◊ àÖçü∆? ™‰ ü∆ à dictiona
ô’çC?
v) By the way E topic ´÷®Ω aú≈Ö°æßÁ ÷-T≤ƒh®Ω’?
– á. ®Ω ’ù«éπ ® ®√V
ï-¢√-•’:i) ´’† response èπÿú≈, Fine, t
How do you do? ÅØÁ jØ√ í¬F,How do you do? ÅØÁ jØ√ í¬F Öç
ii) Glad to meet you too/ nice to
too O’®Ω†oô’x.It's great pleasure meeting yo
(¢Á·ôd¢Á ·-ü¿öÀ spoken Englis
îª÷úø çúÕ)
iii) English ØË®Ω’a-éÓ--´ö«-EéÀ best
1) Reading as much English
ble- newspapers, books (sta
small books and going on to
els), 2) Listening constantly
news telecasts, 3) watchin
movies for American
ÉçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ market ™ C
ÖØ√o®·– leading book shops
iv) Oxford Advanced Learners
of current English.
v) by the by = by the way (used
the topic).
v °æ ¡ o:
i) What is the passive voice of
"Why don't you keep him offe
Can we write as: Why does
kept offered by you.
ii) Can we say "I have a pen" as
ing a pen.
– G. v°æ¶µº ’ü∆Æˇ ï-¢√-•’:
i) Why don't you keep him offere
Ñ sentence èπ◊ -Å®Ωn ç ûÁL-ߪŮ·ûË DEéÀ passive form: Wh
(isn't he) kept offered by you
ii) I have a pen - correct.
- M.
v°æ ¡ o: i) Tony, Sony and Rony go to a hotel. / an hotel. àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ L-ߪ ’-ñ‰ ߪ ’çúÕ.
ii) I am having a one rupee note
ÅE Lifco Dictionary ™ ÖçC.Having †’ possession ™ ¢√úø èπÿúø ü¿’ éπü∆! N´Jçîª çúÕ.
– >. ¡ çéπ ® , Í騡 -°æôoç
ï- ¢√--•’:
i) A hotel correct.
An hotel - old usage - É°æ pöÀ ¢√úø ’-éπ™ ûª°æ ¤p.ii) éπL-T Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®Ωn çûÓ am having/ is hav-
ing/ are having, correct English usage ™ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. I have a one rupee note, correct.
8/7/2019 Eenady English Jan07
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/eenady-english-jan07 14/14
´’çí∫ ∞¡ ¢√®Ωç 30 - ï- †- -J 2007 Ñ-Ø√úø ’  £j «ü¿ ®√¶«ü
Good evening everybody. On behalf of the
students, staff and management of
Suvidya College, this is Ramachandra wel-
coming you all to this evening's function,
the 23rd annual day celebrations of the
College.
(Åçü¿-Jéà ¨¡Ÿ¶µº ≤ƒßª’çvûª ç. Ææ’Nü¿u éπ∞«¨»©
¢√JéÓûªq´ç Ææ çü¿-®Ω s¥ çí¬, éπ∞«¨»© Nü∆u-®Ω ’n©’, Åüµ∆u-°æèπ◊©’, ߪ÷ï- ÷†uç ûª®Ω-°∂ æ ¤† ؈’ ®√´’-îª çvü¿N’´’tLo Ñ ¢Ëúø ’-éπèπ◊ Ç£æ …yE-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.)The programme will be starting in a short
time from now. May I request all the invi-
tees to be seated so that we can begin the
function.
(ÑØ√öÀ é¬®Ω u-véπ´’ç ´’J-éÌCl ÊÆ°æöx v§ƒ®Ω綵 ºç鬆’- çC. 鬮Ωu-véπ´÷Eo v§ƒ®ΩçGµ çîË çü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬
Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’-©-†ç-ü¿-J-F ÇÆ‘-†’©’ éπ´’tE éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç)Dear friends, we are celebrating, as you all
know, the 23rd anniversary of the college.
I find it a pleasure to let you know the order
of events that you are going to witness this
evening.
(N’vûª’-™«®√, O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´’†ç ´’† éπ∞«¨»©23´ ¢√JéÓûª q´ç -E®Ω y-£œ «çèπ◊çô’Ø√oç. O’®Ω ’îª÷úø¶-ûª’†o é¬®Ω u-véπ´’ -Å稻©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.)We start this evenings proceedings with
welcoming the guests on to the dias. The
celebrations will begin with a prayer by the
college prayer group then follows the wel-
come address by the President of the col-
lege students' society. The next will be the
presentation of garlands and bouquets to
the guests of the evening and others. We
will then listen to a brief report by the Prin-
cipal of the college's activities and progress
during the year. We will then have Prof
Narayana introducing the Chief Guest, the
renowned scientist, Prof Bhoutik. What fol-
lows then is the highlights of the evening's
programme, the Chief Guest's message.
(ÑØ√öÀ ÅAü∑ ¿’-©†’ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ Ç£æ …yEçîªôçûÓØËöÀ 鬮Ωu-véπ´÷Eo v§ƒ®ΩçGµ≤ƒhç. 23´ ¢√JéÓûª q´¢Ëúø’-éπ©’ éπ∞«- »© v§ƒ®Ωl ¥Ø√•%çü¿ç í¬†ç-ûÓv§ƒ®Ω綵 ºç Å´¤û√®·. Ç ûª®√yûª éπ∞«¨»© Nü∆uJnÆæ ç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-úÕ ≤ƒyí∫-ûÓ-°æ-Ø√uÆæç Öçô’çC.ûª®√yA Åç¨¡ç ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ Ö†o-¢√-JéÀ °æ ¤≠æ p- ÷-©©’, í∫’î√a¥© Ææ´’-®Ω p-ù. (Bouquet - •’Íé – °æ ¤≠æ p-
í∫’îª a¥ ç.) Ç ûª®√yA Å稡ç, principal E¢ËC-éπ –Ñ Nü∆u Ææ ç´ûª q®Ωç (Academic year) éπ∞«¨»©v°æí∫AE, é¬®Ω u-é𙫧ƒ© í∫ ’-Jç* principal E¢ËCéπ.ûª®√yA Å稡ç Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç é¬®Ω u-véπ´’ç™´·ë«u-éπ®Ωù. (High light = ´·ë«u-éπ®Ωù).However, then there will be a vote of
thanks proposed by the secretary of the
college students' union, Vidyalankaar after
all this, we are going to be treated to a vari-
ety entertainment programme by the stu-
dents of our college.
(Ç ûª®√yûª Nü∆uJn Ææ ç°∂ æ’ç 鬮Ωu-ü¿Jz Nü∆u©ç鬮˝´çü¿† Ææ ’-®Ωpù Öçô’çC. Ç ûª®√yûª NNüµ ¿≤ƒçÆæ\%-Aéπ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©’ – ´’† éπ∞«- »©
´’†ç Ñ≤ƒJ Spoken English ™ ¶µ «í∫¢Á’i†Public speaking (v°æÆæ çí¬©’)- í∫’-Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çô’Ø√oç.ÉC éπ∞«¨»© ¢√JéÓûª q¢√Eo í∫ ’-Jç* Ç£æ …yE-ûª’-©èπ◊°æJ-îªßª’ç îËÊÆ v°æÆæ çí∫ ç ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçCéπü∆. Åçõ‰ ÉC event †’ compere îËߪ’ôç(event = É¢Á çö¸ = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ω nç Ææ ç°∂æ ’-ô†.Ñ Ææ çü¿-®Ω s¥ ç™, àüÁ jØ√ ¢ËCéπ -O’-ü¿ ïJÍí †%ûª u,Ø√ôu, Ø√ôéπ v°æü¿-®Ωz-†-™«x çöÀN èπÿú≈ events)
Compere (é¬ç°œßª’ – '鬗 ØÌéÀ\°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) =äéπ Æ涵 º™/ Ææ ÷-¢Ë¨¡ç™/ NØÓü¿ é¬®Ω u-véπ´÷-™x/¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ à v°æü¿-®Ωz†™ØÁ jØ√ v°æü¿-®Ωz-èπ◊©†’, éπ∞«é¬
®Ω’-©†’, é¬®Ω u-véπ´÷Eo vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©èπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÆæ÷hN´JçîË¢√®Ω ’/Å™« N´Jçîªôç.TV show ™ compere †’ anchor/ host/
hostess ÅE èπÿú≈ -Å-†-úøç O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîËÖçö«®Ω ’.Compere èπ◊ ÉçéÓ ´÷ô master of cere-
monies Å®·ûË Ñ ´÷ô abbreviation MC
(EMCEE) ÅØËC áèπ◊\- í¬ ¢√úø ’-ûª’çö«®Ω’, °æ ‹Jh-
´÷ô Master of Ceremonies éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈.´’†ç °j† îªC-Nçü¿çû√ èπÿú≈ programme
compere îËÊÆ Nüµ ∆-†ç – ´’Sx í∫’®Ω ’hç-éÓçúÕ–Compere Åçõ‰ v°æü¿-®Ωz-†èπ◊ ¢√uë«uûª ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë ’-é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢√uë«u-Eçîªôç ÅØË Å®Ω n ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.´’†èπ◊ éÌçîÁ ç Çûªt N¨»yÆæ ç ÖçúÕ, ÷ö«xúøí∫L-TûË´’†´‚ compere Ŵa. compere îËߪ’-´îª’a. Åçõ‰ EMCEE îËߪ’-´îª’a. Åçõ‰ anchor
í¬ ã programme †’ host îËߪ’-´îª’a. ÉCpublic speaking spoken English ™ î√™«´·êu-¢Á’i† Å稡ç.É°æ¤púø ’ Ñ college anniversary compere
îËߪ’ôç ᙫ ÖçüÓ îª÷ü∆l ç. Ñ compere,
Ramachandra éπü∆. Ééπ\úø Ramachandra,
College anniversary Celebrations v§ƒ®Ω綵 º´’ßË ’u ´·çü¿’ Ç celebrations èπ◊ ´*a† ¢√∞¡x
†’-üËl -Pç* îÁ°œp† ´÷ô©’. Celebrationsv§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ Éçé¬Ææ h ´u´CµÖ†oç-ü¿’†,ïØ√-©èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ °æ ¤ôdèπ◊çú≈ Åçô’†o ´÷ôLN.1. v§ƒ®Ω綵 ºç: Good evening, everybody.
2. compere Æ‘ yߪ’°æJ-îªßª’ç – ÉC î√™« ´’çCNÆæ t-J-Ææ’hçö«®Ω’. 'á´®Ω’, á´JC?— ÅE vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ņ’-éÓéπ ´·çüË ¢√JéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-úø ç ´’ç*C.3. ´*a† ¢√J-†çü¿-J-F Ç£æ …yEçîªôç – DØË o
welcoming the gathering Åçö«ç.Gathering = äéπ event èπ◊ ´îË a Ç£æ ›ûª’©’.´·êuçí¬ Ééπ\úø í∫ ’-Eçî√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç.á´®Ω’ v°æü¿-®Ωz† E®Ω y-£œ «Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ó Ç N´®√-©’èπÿú≈ ûÁ©°æúø ç – ¢√J ûª®Ω-°∂ æ ¤† éπü∆ compere
Ç£æ …yE-ûª’©†’ -Ç£æ …yEçîËC.4. Programme v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-EéÀ ´u´Cµ ÖçC.
´*a† ¢√∞¡Ÿx NÆæ’í∫’ îÁ çü¿-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôç
compere NCµ. 鬕öÀ d ¢√∞¡x†’ ´÷ô©ûÓengage îËߪ÷L. Åçü¿’-éπØË Ééπ\úø com-
pere, Ç ®ÓV ï®Ω-í∫¶-ûª’†o é¬®Ω u-véπ´÷稻-©††’ -ûÁL-ߪ’°æ®ΩîªôçûÓ Ç ´u´Cµ ¶µ ºKhîËߪ’ôç í∫ ’-Eçîª çúÕ. (ÇØ√öÀ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’çéπ®Ω°ævûª ç™ programme line up Öçô’çCèπÿú≈)
*´JéÀ É™« ´·Tçîª îª’a. Dear friends, your
patience for a few minutes, before we
begin.
(¢Ë ’ç v§ƒ®ΩçGµ çîË çü¿’èπ◊ éÌCl EN’-≥ƒ©’ °æôd a.O’®Ω ’ ã®Ω’pûÓ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.)í∫ ’-Eçî√-Lq† N≠æߪ÷©’:1) Ç£æ …yEçîªôç á°æ ¤púø ÷ äÍ陫 é¬èπ◊çú≈ wel-
œÊ
ô’çC- éπü∆.a) I/ We welcome you all
b) I/ We extend a warm
welcome to you all
c) A warm/very welcome to
all the invitees
d) We take pleasure in welcoming you all
e) It's our privilege to have you all here.
f) Welcome to you all from RamaChandra
(Compere/ EMCEE)
g) Welcoming you all is Ramachandra, on
behalf of...h) your presence here is our pleasure.
É™« ´’† Ü£æ …¨¡éÀ héÀ °æü¿’-†’-°úÕûË áEo Nüµ ∆©’í¬ØÁ jØ√ ≤ƒyí∫Açîª îª’a.äéπ\õ‰ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√L; Public speaking
á°æ ¤púø ’ formal í¬ØË Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE Åçü¿-JéÃÇ£æ…xü¿ç éπL-Tç* á´-JF ØÌ°œpç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ñ«ví∫ûª h©’ -BÆæ ’éÓ¢√-L.ÉO éÌEo Ææ ÷©’. ´’J-éÌEo Ææ÷©’ ´îË a
lesson ™Exercise: Practise aloud as many sen-
tences of welcome (General
Welcome) with the help of other
welcome sentences given in the
lesson.
Ççí∫x ¶µ «- ≠æù 266Ççí∫ x- ¶µ «- ≠æù
your presence here is our pleasure..
v°æ ¡ o:i) I saw 'a saw is sawing a saw' a
saw I never saw. Ñ ¢√é¬u-®√nEo ii) He was late. He missed the sch
Ñ ¢√é¬uEo È®çúø ’ Nüµ ∆©’í¬ ®√ÊÆh–a. If he was late, He would miss
bus.
b. If he wasn't late, He wouldn
school bus.
iii) a. He died in 1919
b. He was died in 1919.
È®çúø ÷ ÆæÈ®j†-¢ËØ√?iv) a. The Examinations will condu
b. The Examinat ions will be
soon.
°j È®çúÕ çöÀ™ àC ûª°æ ¤p.v) a. ؈’ °æKéπ~ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úøØÁ jAE(E†o).
b. ¢√®Ω ’ ††’o °æKéπ~ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úÕE -îË »®Ωvi) Brough around - Bring around
E N´Jçîª çúÕ.
– °œ. üµ¿ †’ç-ï-ߪ ’-®√´¤i) äéπ ®Ω 秃Eo éÓÊÆ ÉçéÓ ®Ω秃ř«çöÀ ®Ω 秃Eo ØËØÁ°æ ¤púø ÷ îª÷úø™‰ü¿’È®çúø ’ Å®√l ¥©ûÓ (îª÷-»-†’/ -®Ωç°æ ç.®Ωç°æ çûÓ éÓߪ’ôç) îª ’-û√\®Ωçí¬ ®√Æœ
ii) He was late. He missed the sc
rewrite as directed Åçõ‰ ÇüËPç®√ߪ’çúÕ, ÅE. Å®·ûË ÇüË ¡ç àN’-ôØË™‰†-°æ ¤púø ’, Ñ Nüµ ¿çí¬ éπ©°æ a.
a) As/ because/ since he was late,
the school bus.
b) If he had been late, he wouldn't (
have missed the school bus.
O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ†, If he was late, he w
the school bus - ÆæÈ®j† ¢√éπuç é¬ü¿If he were late, he would
school bus - D†®Ωn ç, Åûªúø ’ late Å´ïJ-TûË (Åûªúø ’ late Å´™‰ü¿’/ Å´úø ’ school bus miss Å´¤-û√úø ’ (miss Ŷµ «´ç)If he wasn't late, he wouldn't mis
èπÿú≈ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. DÆæJí¬ ®√ü¿’.iii) He died in 19
He was died
wrong. Die,
object ™‰ü¿’. ´·çü¿’ was
®√ü¿’.iv) The exams w
soon =
°æK-éπ~©’ E®Ωy£œ «°æK-éπ~©’ Eû√®·. Å™«correct sent
exams will b
ed.
v) I passed the exam yesterday.
They passed me in the exam ye
vi) bring around - ü∆JéÀ ûË ôç ¢Á ·çúÕ ÍéÆœ, ´uAÍ®éπ üµ Ó®Ω-ùÀ™ Öçõ‰ü∆JéÀ ûË ôç – DEéÀ past tens
around. 'Brough around' Engl
v°æ ¡ o: To + be form í∫ ’Jç* N -®Ωçí¬ ûÁLߪ ’ñ‰ßª ’çúÕ.1.To be take ( let form verb)
2. To be taken (p.p.)
3. To be Interesting (ing form)
4. May be taken
5. Can be taken
6. To be grateful
– Èé.Å-§ƒp®√´¤, Nï-ߪ ’- †-í∫®Ωçï- ¢√-•’: To be Åçõ‰ Öçúøôç
To be+past participle, infinitive
(to take, to see, etc) èπ◊ passive
form.
i) To be take (to be+1st Regular doing
word)
English™ áéπ\ú≈ ¢√úø ç.ii) To be taken ÅØËC, to take èπ◊ passive
voice. To be taken èπ◊ Å®Ωn ç BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x•-úøö«E-éÃ/ BÆæ ’Èé∞¡x•-úøôç ÅE.
a) He wants to be taken to a doctor.
(Åûªúø ’ doctor ü¿í∫ _®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x•-úø ’EéÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oúø ’.)
b) To be taken in a bus all the way is
not safe.
(Åçûª ü¿÷®Ω´‚ bus™ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x•-úøôç Íé~´’çé¬ü¿’.)(Å®·ûË, '•úøôç— ûÁ©’-í∫’™î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’)
iii) To be interesting - to be = Öçúøôç; inter-
esting = ÇÆæéÀ h-éπ®Ω çí¬. To be interesting =
ÇÆæéÀ h éπ®Ωçí¬ Öçúøôç/ÇÆæéÀ h-éπ®Ωçí¬ ÖçúË çü¿’èπ◊.iv) May be taken = BÆæ’Èé∞¡x•-úø´îª’a.v) can be taken = BÆæ’Èé∞¡x•-úøí∫©ü¿’/í∫©úø ’/í∫©®Ω’/
´îª’a i) T b t f l π ª ª Ó ø