EEE 3230

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Power System Planning and Reliability

-Load Forecasting-

Sezai Taskin, Ph.D.

sezai.taskin@cbu.edu.tr

HW. There are three consumers of electricity having different loadrequirements at different times. Consumer 1 has a maximum demand of 5 kWat 6 p.m., and a demand of 3 kW at 7 p.m. and a daily load factor of 20%.Consumer 2 has a maximum demand of 5 kW at 11 a.m., a load of 2 kW at 7p.m. and an average load of 1200 W. Consumer 3 has an average load of 1 kWand maximum demand is 3 kW at 7 p.m.

Determine: (a) the diversity factor(b) the load factor and average load of each consumer, and (c) the average load and load factor of the combined load.

HW solution

HW solution

HW solution

Consumer 1:Maximum Deman (MD)MD 5 kW at 6 pm 3 kW at 7 pm LF=20%

Consumer 2:MD 5 kW at 11 am 2 kW at 7 pm Avg Load=1.2 kW

Consumer 3:MD 3 kW at 7 pm Avg Load= 1 kW

Maximum demand of the system is 8 kW at 7 pmSum of the individual maximum demands=5+5+3=13 kW

Diversity Factor

This is defined as the sum of individual maximum demands on the consumers, divided by the maximum load onthe system.

a)Diversity Factor = sum of individual maximum demands / maximum load = 13 / 8= 1.625

b)Consumer 1: Avg Load = 0.2 x 5 = 1 kW (load factor*maximum demand)Consumer 2 Avg Load= 1.2 kW Load Factor= (1.2 /5)x100 = 24 %Consumer 3: Avg Load = 1 kW Load Factor = (1 /3)*100 = 33.3 %

c)Combined average load = 1 + 1.2 + 1 = 3.2 kWCombined Load Factor = (3.2 kW/8 kW )x100 = 40%

Example

The annual load of a substation is given in the table. Write the necessary statements in Matlab program to findthe average load and the annual load factor.

Annual System LoadInterval - Month Load - MWJanuary 8February 6March 4April 2May 6June 12July 16August 14September 10October 4November 6December 8

Barcycle function code to plot the data

Matlab code

HW solution-2

What is the power line markers and why we use them? Draw a transmission system and show their position on the line.

They are installed along the

length of wires to act as a visual

warning so low-flying aircraft

don’t run into them.

Demand Estimation

https://www.enerjiportali.com/elektrik-piyasasi-nasil-islemektedir/

Example: The peak power demand in Turkey in 2017 is 46 GW with an average growth rate of

5.1 percent. Estimate the peak power demand for the year 2023.

Demand estimation is the starting point for planning the future electric power supply. Oneof the simplest curves is

Wherea : the average per unit growth rateP : the demand in year tPo : the given demand at year to