EEE 105 Name: eee105 Password: prAIRie Agriculture.
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Transcript of EEE 105 Name: eee105 Password: prAIRie Agriculture.
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EEE 105EEE 105
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/Name: eee105Password: prAIRie
AgricultureAgriculture
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
• Small pox derived from cow pox
• Tuberculosis also from cows
• Measles also from cattle
• Malaria from birds
• AIDS from Green Monkey
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
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Influenza
World-wide pandemic
20 million died
Probably started in Kansas
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• Why do modern flus originate in Asia?
Influenza
flu virus moves between humans, pigs, & poultry
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Influenza
flu virus moves between humans, pigs, & poultry
• Why do modern flus originate in Asia?
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
Prion diseases spongiform encephalopathies
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
Prion diseasesFirst discovered in sheep -- scrapie
transmitted when sheep ate meat from diseased sheep
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
Prion diseasesFirst discovered in sheep -- scrapie
transmitted when sheep ate meat from diseased sheep
Then discovered in New Guinea cannibals
-- kuru , the “laughing sickness”
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
Prions are rogue proteins
which cause production of similar proteins destroy brain tissue
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
Mad Cow Disease
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
-- BSE
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BSE discovered in Britain on 1986
200,000 cattle destroyed since then
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Animal -Human Disease Transmission
Mad Cow Disease
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
-- BSE
in humans
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease CJD
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
A rare disease
No diagnostic test yet
Long delay between infection and onset
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Prion Diseases
mink
Wasting disease in mule deer & elk
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Prion Diseases
mink
Wasting disease in mule deer & elk
Possibly in squirrel brains
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Prion Diseases
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http://www.life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/Name: eee105Password: prAIRie
Water ResourcesWater Resources Chpt. 16
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• 70% of earth’s surface is covered by water
– Fresh Water = 3%
– Usable fresh water = .003%
Water ResourcesWater Resources
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Inland waters cover < 2% of earth’s surface
Oceans 1,322,000,000 km3
Polar ice + glaciers 29,200,000 km3
Ground water 24,000,000 km3 (uncertain)
Freshwater lakes 125,000 km3
Saline lakes & inland seas 104,000 km3
Soil & subsoil water 65,000 km3
Atmospheric vapor 14,000 km3
Rivers & streams 1,200 km3
Water ResourcesWater Resources
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The 20 lakes deeper than 400 m contain a disproportionate amount of world’s fresh water
Lake Baikal -- 23,000 km3
Laurentian Great Lakes contain 24,620 km3 20% of earth's unfrozen freshwater
Water ResourcesWater Resources
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Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
All water is locked into a constant recycling process
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Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
Solar energy evaporates water
Transpiration - Plants giving off water
Warm, moist air rises, cools, condenses, and falls as precipitation.
Some precipitation remains on the surface and evaporates
most sinks into the soil and / or returns to the oceans.
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Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
streamflow
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Groundwater - Water entering the soil is either taken up by plants roots or moves downward until it reaches an impervious layer of rock, and accumulates in porous
strata called an aquifer.
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Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
aquifers
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Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
Water withdrawal
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Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
Ogallala aquifer
decline
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Water UseWater Use
Domestic• Relatively small amount (8%) of global
freshwater is withdrawn for municipal and domestic uses.
• About 60% of water used for domestic purposes is returned to rivers as wastewater.
• Natural purification processes cannot cope with highly concentrated wastes typical of large urban areas.
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Human effects on the hydrological cycle
Increased evaporation
cooling
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Human effects on the hydrological cycle
Increased evaporation
cooling
irrigation
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Human effects on the hydrological cycle
Increased evaporation
Increased runoff
deforestation
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Human effects on the hydrological cycle
Increased evaporation
Increased runoff
deforestation pavement
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Human effects on the hydrological cycle
Increased evaporation
Increased runoff
deforestation pavement
sewers
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Human effects on the hydrological cycle
Increased evaporation
Increased runoff
Water usage
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domestic
industry
agriculture
How water is used
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Water usage
Agricultural Water Use
Irrigation is the major consumptive use of water in most parts of world
Cost of water is a limiting factor on agriculture
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Water usage
Industrial Water Use
, and 23% worldwide
, and is returned to the source.
Accounts for nearly 50% of all water withdrawal in US
90% of water used by industry is for cooling
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Water usage
Industrial Water Use
, and 23% worldwide
, and is returned to the source.
Accounts for nearly 50% of all water withdrawal in US
90% of water used by industry is for cooling
Water used to dissipate and transport waste -- stream and lake degradation
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Water usage
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Water usage
Domestic Water Use
70% used as solvent to carry wastes 30% used for lawn and garden very small fraction used for drinking
must be treated before release
Natural processes cannot cope with highly concentrated urban wastes
• Average person in NA home uses approximately 100 gallons of water per day