EEE 105 ID: eee105 Password: prAIRie Lec4 1/23/02.
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Transcript of EEE 105 ID: eee105 Password: prAIRie Lec4 1/23/02.
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EEE 105
http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105Password: prAIRie
Lec4 1/23/02
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EcosystemsEcosystemsEcosystemsEcosystems
The pattern of interaction between The pattern of interaction between organisms and their physical organisms and their physical environmentenvironment
EnergyEnergy
MaterialsMaterials
InformationInformation
EnergyEnergy
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Energy
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Energy flows through ecosystems beginning with photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2sugars carbon
dioxide
oxygen
Energy
biological energy
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EnergyPhotosynthesis evolved more than 2 billion years ago
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2sugars carbon
dioxide
oxygen
in the cyanobacteria
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EnergyPhotosynthesis evolved more than 2 billion years ago
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2sugars carbon
dioxide
oxygen
in the cyanobacteria
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Energy
causing the greatest environmental disaster
Photosynthesis evolved more than 2 billion years ago
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2sugars carbon
dioxide
oxygen
in the cyanobacteria
an oxidizing atmosphere
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Energy
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of green plants
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EnergyChloroplasts evolved from photosynthetic bacteria
Endosymbiosis
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EnergyEnergy flows through ecosystems
plants
energy
respirationCO2 + H2O
C6H12O6sugars carbon
dioxide
+ O2
Releases energy
For growth & maintenance
Energy flows through ecosystems
(photosynthesis)
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EnergyEnergy flows through ecosystems
plants
energy
respiration
Energy flows through ecosystems
decompositionDeath of plants
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EnergyEnergy flows through ecosystems
plants
energy
respiration
Energy flows through ecosystems
decomposition
calories ofenergy
Growth &reproduction= netproductivity
biomass
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Energy budgets
plants
energy
respiration
decomposition
biomass
calories ofenergy
Growth &reproduction= netproductivity
Energy
Measured in calories
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Energy strategies
Energy
growth vs. reproduction
EnergyEnergy strategies
growth vs. reproduction
r vs. K strategies
grass is an r strategistgrass is an r strategist
bracken fern is rbracken fern is r
trees are Ktrees are K
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Energy strategies
Energy
growth vs. reproduction
r vs. K strategies
many small vs. fewer large seedsmany small vs. fewer large seeds
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Energy strategies
Energy
growth vs. reproduction
r vs. K strategies
many small vs. fewer large seeds
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Energy strategies
Energy
growth vs. reproduction
r vs. K strategies
many small vs. fewer large seeds
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plants
respiration
decomposition
calories ofenergy
biomassprimary
consumer
ProducerProducer
decomposition& waste
respiration& behavior
Energy
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Animal energy strategiesAnimal energy strategies
plants
respiration
decomposition
calories ofenergy
biomassprimary
consumer
ProducerProducer
decomposition& waste
respiration& behavior
Energy
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Animal energy strategies
Energy
r vs. K strategies
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Animal energy strategies
Energy
r vs. K strategies
Bumblebee Economicsby Berndt Heinrich
Bumblebee Economicsby Berndt Heinrich
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Animal energy strategies
Energy
r vs. K strategies
“warm-blooded” vs. “cold-blooded”
(endothermy vs. exothermy)
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plants
respiration
decomposition
calories ofenergy
biomassprimary
consumer
ProducerProducer
Energy
secondarysecondaryconsumerconsumer
Energy flows through ecosystemsEnergy flows through ecosystems
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plants
respiration
decomposition
calories ofenergy
biomassprimary
consumer
ProducerProducer
Energy
secondarysecondaryconsumerconsumer
Energy flows through ecosystems
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EnergyFood chain
E
producer primary secondaryconsumer consumer
Trophic levels
autotroph herbivore predator
heterotrophs
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Why a pyramid?Why a pyramid?
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EnergyFood chain
E
producer primary secondaryconsumer consumer
Trophic levels
autotroph herbivore predator
respiration
decomposition
90% used at each trophic level
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EnergyFood webs
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EnergyFood chain
E
producer primary secondaryconsumer consumer
Trophic levels
autotroph herbivore predator
respiration
decomposition
90% used at each trophic level
Photosynthetic food chain
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EnergyDetritus food chains
detritus = dead and excreted material
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detritus
EnergyFood chain
E
producer primary secondaryconsumer consumer
Trophic levels
respiration
90% used at each trophic level
Photosynthetic food chain
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EnergyDetritus food chains
detritus = dead and excreted material
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EnergyStrangest food chain
first found off the Galapagos
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EnergyStrangest food chain
hydrothermal vents
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EnergyStrangest food chain
hydrothermal vents
“gutless” vent worms
ArchaeaArchaea
endosymbiosisendosymbiosis
a chemosynthetic food chaina chemosynthetic food chain
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EnergyFood chains
photosynthetic
detritus
chemosynthetic