Eece300 - Research Format-Definitions

8/12/2019 Eece300 - Research Format-Definitions

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Research Format


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Format and Style

1. Paper Size

8.5 x 11 standard short white bond paper

2.Margins

Left: 1.5 Right, Top and Bottom:1.0

3.Body Text

Font Size12, Font styleArial

4.Chapter Headings

Capital letter first and in bold print (e.g.Chapter I)

5.Main Title Headings

Uppercase and bold print (e.g. INTRODUCTION)

6.Pagination

Pagination should be chronological and at the top right of the page. First page ofeach chapter should have no page number.

7.Text (sentence) spaces

Double space

8.Indentions

Single tab only


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9. Subtitle or Subheadings

> Typed in bold print (e.g. Objectives of the Study)

10. Reference Pages

> Includes the following; appendices, exhibits, annexes for

the tables, data flow diagram, system flowchart, HIPO, graphs,

figures, illustrations, cost estimates, etc. These shall not be

included in the main body of the manuscripts but labeled,

arranged and paged as separate reference pages.

11. Footnote Style

Journalistic or Running Footnote

12. Bibliographic EntriesFrom hard copied or e-books (internet source), published or

unpublished manuscripts, magazines and journals.


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Chapter I INTRODUCTION

Background of the Studymust end with a concluding statement

Objectives of the Study(General and Specific)

Theoretical / Conceptual Framework

Scope and Delimitation

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms


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Background of the Study


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The background of the problem is longer than the

statement of the research problem itself. It is one ofthe determinant factors that give significant impact

on research, it should explain the origins of the

research question or problem, drawing on

researchers preliminary reading. All cited materials

should be presented with specific references,

prepared according to one of the structured

methods.


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Harvard University Extension School (2003)

explained that in the background section,

researcher should review what has been donealready in this area of research and the way(s)

in which the proposed project will differ from

earlier work. Researcher should show thathe/she is familiar with the major current

opinions or interpretations concerning the

problem he/she has chosen so that it canavoid duplicating an existing or outdated

research.


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The background sections aim isnot only to provide simply a

general overview of the topic but

also to demonstrate that a specific

problem has been identified and

to show its relationship to the

research.


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The background of the problem should be:

(i) Directed specifically to the research problem

and must indicate the carefully documented viewsof experts;

(ii) Well organized, others research should be

considered in a systematic fashion, according totopic, date, perspective, or some other logical

means;

(iii) Able to establish the focus of researchers own

research in relation to prior scholarship; and

(iv) Detailed with relevant examples that illustrate

how researchers approach to the subject will

illuminate it.


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Background of the study is the

part of any research where in the

particular topic is placed. This may

contain the general description,

and may include the broader

description of the topic. Other

include a brief preview of the topicto discuss


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Objectives of the Study


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The purpose of the Study Objectives is to present concisely

but thoroughly what you plan to study, what skills you wish

to learn, and what you plan to do with the knowledge and

skills you acquire. After reading your study objectives, the

reader should be able to understand clearly what it is

exactly that you want to study and learn, and why it isimportant to you and your community. You are presenting

to a stranger what are your hopes and dreams that you will

accomplish in and through your desired degree program.

The Study Objectives should be presented in an essay formmade up of an introductory paragraph, the body text and

the conclusion paragraph and should be approximately one

typed page in length.


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Part I: Introduction. The introduction is one brief

paragraph introducing what your study objectives

are. State your personal and/or professional

interest and what degree and area of study you plan

to pursue. Describe and define what the area of

study means, in your own words and understanding.

Describe specific topics you are interested in

studying, what you want to learn in these areas, and

why this is important to your personal and your

communitys collective interests and development.(This is not a paragraph to introduce your self.

Please do NOT begin the study objectives essay with

My name is _______.)


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Part II. The Body of the Essay. Inthe body of the essay, explain

more thoroughly the study

objectives focusing on the

following questions.


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What influenced me to study this?How have my work experiences

and other factors guided my

decision to pursue this study field?


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What do I hope to accomplish as a result

of this study program? (What is your

vision or dream that this study objectivewill help accomplish; why were you

selected for this fellowship program?

How will this accomplishment apply to

the needs of your community? How will

your overall degree, including courseworkand research, relate to your overall goals

and objectives in your community?)


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How will earning your degree

contribute to your own

professional growth? In what

ways would you like to develop

and strengthen your professional

attitudes, values, perspectives,

and worldview?


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Part III. Conclusion. For theConclusion, once again state your

primary study objectives and

summarize what you hope to

accomplish as a result of your

gaining the degree.


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Theoretical / ConceptualFramework


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A conceptual frameworkis used in research

to outline possible courses of action or to

present a preferred approach to an idea orthought. For example, the philosopher Isaiah

Berlinused the "hedgehogs" versus "foxes"

approach;[1]a "hedgehog" might approach theworld in terms of a single organizing principle;

a "fox" might pursue multiple conflicting goals

simultaneously. Alternatively, an empiricistmight approach a subject by direct

examination, whereas an intuitionistmight

simply intuit what's next.[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitionisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitionisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_Berlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research


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Conceptual frameworks (theoretical

frameworks) are a type of intermediate theory

that attempt to connect to all aspects ofinquiry (e.g., problem definition, purpose,

literature review, methodology, data collection

and analysis). Conceptual frameworks can actlike maps that give coherence to empirical

inquiry. Because conceptual frameworks are

potentially so close to empirical inquiry, theytake different forms depending upon the

research question or problem.


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Several types of conceptual frameworks

have been identified,such as

> Working hypothesis

> Descriptive Categories

> Practical ideal types

> Models of operations research

> Formal hypotheses
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_hypothesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_hypothesis


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Scope and Delimitation


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It is important to narrow down your thesis topic and

limit the scope of your study. The researcher should

inform the reader about limits or coverage of the

study. The scope identifies the boundaries of the

study in term of subjects, objectives, facilities, area,

time frame, and the issues to which the research is

focused.Sample phrases that help express the scope of the

study:

The coverage of this study.The study consists of ..

The study covers the .

This study is focus on..


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The delimitation of the study is delimiting a

study by geographic location, age, sex,population traits, population size, or other

similar considerations. Delimitation is used to

make study better and more feasible and notjust for the interest of the researcher. It also

identifies the constraints or weaknesses of

your study which are not within the control ofthe researcher.


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Sample phrases that expressed the

delimitations of the study

The study does not cover the

The researcher limited this

research to

This study is limited to


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Significance of the Study


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What is the significance of the

research study? In research it is

obviously important for the

researcher to convince his/her

audience the importance of his/herstudy. The significance of the research

study should be clearly justified by

the researcher so that the study may

not be useless or bring no benefits to

others.


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The significance of the study in thesis is

the part where the researcher tells how

his/her study would be beneficial tospecific people or parts of the society and

how they could use it. Walonick (2005)

explained that the significance of the

study section creates a perspective for

looking at the problem. It points out howthe study relates to the larger issues and

uses a persuasive rationale to justify the

reason for the study.


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Walonick (2005) further clarifiedthat the significance of the study

makes the purpose worth

pursuing. It should be able to

answer these basic questions:


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(a) Why is the study important?The researcher should be able to

describe the importance of the

research/study clearly in various

perspectives and this should be

supported by comprehensive

literature review.


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(b) To whom is it important?The researcher should identify

who is actually the target group of

the research/study relate the

research/study to the need and

demand of that particular groups.


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(c) What benefit(s) will occur ifyour study is done?

The outcomes of the

research/study should significantly

brings benefits and applicable in

practice for the target group.


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Therefore it can be concluded thatthe main reasons why the

researcher needs to indicate the

significance of his/her study are as

follow:


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(i) Help the researcher stay onthe right track

Significance of the research/study

helps the researcher goes on the

right track in pursuing his/her

research.


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(ii) Prevent the research/studyfrom losing its main objective

It helps the researcher by

preventing the research gone out

of its original topic and problem

statement.


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(iii) Convince the target group

the importance of the study

Ability to justify the need and

effect of the research/study to the

targeted audiences. Explain to the

target group the what are the

effect to the particular situation ifthe study never been conducted


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(iv) Increase credibility andreliability of that particular

research/study.

Justified significance of the

research/study will make the

research/study more credible and

reliable.


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Definition of Terms


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Definition of Terms is usually an annex to a

work (book, research paper, pamphlet, etc.)either at the beginning or more likely near the

end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits,

etc. A glossary is another word that maydescribe Definition of Terms. A list of words

found in the paper, book, or work that may

need a further explanation to understandwhat that word means rather than giving a

definition within the work.

f h l ll f ll d d h


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Often time scholars will fully understand the

words used and don't need a definition

immediately in the work. However, there aretimes that clarification is required and a

section called "Definition of Terms" is

beneficial and often required, especially in athesis or investigatory project. Medical

personnel use medical jargon but a layperson

may not know what the term means, and caneasily look it up for clarification in the

"Definition of Terms".


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CHAPTER II

a. Related Literatureb. Related Studies

Related Literature


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Related Literature

A review of related literature is the process of collecting,

selecting, and reading books, journals, reports, abstracts, and

other reference materials. The following information may becollected:

1. Background information about the problem and related

concepts.

2. Theories that explain the existence of the problem and the

possible connection between certain factors and the problem

3. Data that confirms the existence and seriousness of the

problem4. General and specific findings of studies related to the

problem

5. Recommendations for further study given in related studies

Why Review Literature?


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Why Review Literature?

A review of related literature is a must in research. The following

are some of the obvious reasons;

1. It helps the researcher identify and define a researchproblem.

2. It helps justify the need for studying a problem.

3. It prevents unnecessary duplication of a study4. It can be a source of a theoretical basis for the study

5. It enables the researcher to learn how to conceptualize a

research problem and properly identify and operationally

define study variables

6. It helps formulate and refine research instruments

7. It provides lesson for data analysis and interpretation.


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Chapter III


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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

a. Research Design

a.1 Block Diagram

a.2 System Flowchart

b. Research Environment

b.1 Organization Structure

b.2 Location

c. HIPO Chart

HI O d l ( h f Hi hi l


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HIPOmodel (short for Hierarchical

Input Process Outputmodel) is a

systems analysisdesign aid and

documentation technique from

the 1970s,[1]used for representing

the modules of a systemas a

hierarchyand for documentingeach module.[2][3]

I d d l
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPO_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPO_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPO_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPO_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPO_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysis


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It was used to develop

requirements, construct the

design, and support

implementation of an expert

system to demonstrate automated

rendezvous. Verification was then

conducted systematically becauseof the method of design and

implementation[4]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPO_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPO_model


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