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![Page 1: EE 6332, Spring, 2014 Wireless Telecommunication Systems Zhu Han Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Class 1 Jan. 13 rd, 2014.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020800/56649de55503460f94adc738/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EE 6332, Spring, 2014
Wireless Telecommunication Systems
Zhu Han
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Class 1
Jan. 13rd, 2014
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OutlineOutline
Instructor information Motivation to study wireless communications and networks Course descriptions and textbooks What you will study from this course
Objectives Coverage and schedule Homework, projects, and exams
Other policies Reasons to be my students Introduction to wireless networks
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Instructor InformationInstructor Information
Office location: Engineering Building II W302 Office hours: Mon. 1:00pm - 4:00pm, or by appointment Email: [email protected] [email protected] Phone: 713-743-4437(o) /301-996-2011(c) Course website:
http://www2.egr.uh.edu/~zhan2/ECE6332
TA: ??? Research interests:
Wireless Networking, Signal Processing and Security
http://wireless.egr.uh.edu/
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MotivationsMotivations
Recent Development– Cellular system: 3G, 4G, video, game,
– WIFI everywhere
– WIMAX, next generation metropolitan web for business
– UWB, no cables
– Bluetooth, small devices connections
Job Market – Probably one of most easy and high paid majors recently
– Many companies in town or Dallas/Austin
Research Potential – One-to-one communication has less room to go, but multiuser
communication is still an open issue.
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Course ObjectiveCourse Objective
Past decade has seen a surge of research activities in the field of wireless communication.
Emerging from this research thrust are new points of view on how to communicate effectively over wireless channels.
The goal of this course is to study in a unified way the fundamentals as well as the new research developments.
The concepts are illustrated using examples from several modern wireless systems (GSM, IS-95, CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO, Flarion's Flash OFDM, ArrayComm systems.)
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Course DescriptionsCourse Descriptions
What is the wireless communication system? What are the wireless channels? What are the theorems? What are the major components and techniques? How is the information transmitted? What are the current industrial standards? What are the state-of-art research? Can I find a job by studying this course? Can I find research topics?
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Textbook and SoftwareTextbook and Software Require textbook:
Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communication. Cambridge Univ. Press 2005.
Optional testbook
David Tse and Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge University Press, 2005
Require Software: MATLAB; Recommended readings
Digital communications: J. Proakis, Digital Communications Random process: G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random Processes Estimation and detection: H.V. Poor, An introduction to Signal Detection and
Estimation Information theory: T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory Error correct coding: P.Sweeney, Error Control Coding Computer Networks: A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks
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ScheduleSchedule
1. Overview2. Wireless Channel3. Capacity (important, black board)4. Digital Modulation5. Coding (important black board)6. Adaptive modulation and coding7. Diversity and MIMO8. Equalization9. OFDM10. CDMA11. Wireless Networking
Slides and black boardFor unimportant chapters, might not fully follow the book.
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Homework, Project, and ExamHomework, Project, and Exam
Homework 3~4 sets Rules: 50% off if late. 0% is 2 week late
Exams Two exams
Team Project 2~3 people, related topics, presentation, and term paper Schedule next week
Participations Attendance and Feedback Invited Talks for 2 missing class due to conference
• Votes for the percentages for homework, projects, and exams
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Teaching StylesTeaching Styles
black board plus Slides Slides can convey more information in an organized way Blackboard is better for equations and prevents you from not coming. A lesson from last semester: math
Course Website Print handouts with 3 slides per page before you come Homework assignment and solutions Project descriptions and preliminary codes
Feedback Too fast, too slow, small class advantages. Presentation, English, …
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Other PoliciesOther Policies
Any violation of academic integrity will receive academic and possibly disciplinary sanctions, including the possible awarding of an XF grade which is recorded on the transcript and states that failure of the course was due to an act of academic dishonesty. All acts of academic dishonesty are recorded so repeat offenders can be sanctioned accordingly.• CHEATING• COPYING ON A TEST• PLAGIARISM • ACTS OF AIDING OR ABETTING • UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION • SUBMITTING PREVIOUS WORK • TAMPERING WITH WORK • GHOSTING or MISREPRESENTATION • ALTERING EXAMS• COMPUTER THEFT
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Reasons to be my studentsReasons to be my students
Wireless Communication and Networking have great market Usually highly paid and have potential to retire overnight Highly interdisciplinary Do not need to find research topics which are the most
difficult part. Research Assistant, Stipend Free trips to conferences in China, Hawaii, Europe, Australia,
South Africa, Miami… A kind of nice (at least looks like) Work with hope and happiness Graduate fast
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Questions? Chapter 1 IntroductionQuestions? Chapter 1 Introduction
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History of TelecommunicationHistory of Telecommunication Prehistoric: Fires, Beacons, Smoke signals
6th century BC: Mail
5th century BC: Pigeon post
4th century BC: Hydraulic semaphores
490 BC: Heliographs
15th century AD: Maritime flags
1790 AD: Semaphore lines
19th century AD: Signal lamps
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History of TelecommunicationHistory of Telecommunication Audio signals:
– Prehistoric: Communication drums, Horns
– 1838 AD: Electrical telegraph. See: Telegraph history.
– 1876: Telephone. See: Invention of the telephone, History of the telephone, Timeline of the telephone
– 1880: Photophone
– 1896: Radio. See: History of radio.
Advanced electrical/electronic signals:– 1927: Television. See: History of television
– 1930: Videophone
– 1964: Fiber optical telecommunications
– 1969: Computer networking
– 1981: Analog cellular mobile phones
– 1982: SMTP email
– 1983: Internet. See: History of Internet
– 1998: Satellite phones
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At HomeAt Home
WiFi
WiFi
WiFi
cellular
bluetooth
UWB
satellite
WiFi 802.11g/n
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At HomeAt Home
Source: http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/science/wireless_interactives.htm
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At Home: Last-MileAt Home: Last-Mile
Many users still don’t have broadband– reasons: out of service area;
some consider expensive
Broadband speed is still limited– DSL: 1-6 Mbps download,
and 100-768Kbps upload– Cable modem: depends on
your neighbors– Insufficient for several
applications (e.g., high-quality video streaming)
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On the MoveOn the Move
Source: http://www.ece.uah.edu/~jovanov/whrms/
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On the Move: Context-AwareOn the Move: Context-Aware
Source: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aura/docdir/sensay_iswc.pdf
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ad ho
cGSM/UMTS, cdmaOne/cdma2000,WLAN, GPSDAB, TETRA, ...
road condition, weather,location-based services,emergency
On the RoadOn the Road
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Example: IntelliDrive (Vehicle Example: IntelliDrive (Vehicle Infrastructure Integration) Infrastructure Integration)
Traffic crashes resulted in more than 41,000 lives lost in 2007
Establishing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-hand-held-devices (V2D) communications – safety: e.g., intersection collision
avoidance/violation warning/turn conflict warning, curve warning
– mobility: e.g., crash data, weather/road surface data, construction zones, emergency vehicle signal pre-emption
More info: http://www.its.dot.gov/intellidrive/index.htm
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Collision Avoidance : V2V NetworksCollision Avoidance : V2V Networks
stalled vehicle warning
http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/safety/news_issues/releases/sixthsense_102405.html
bland spots
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Collision Avoidance at IntersectionsCollision Avoidance at Intersections
Two million accidents at intersections per year in US
Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/its/ruralitsandrd/tb-intercollision.pdf
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UMTS,DECT2 Mbit/s
UMTS Rel. 6400 kbit/s
LAN100 Mbit/s,WLAN54 Mbit/s
UMTS Rel. 5400 kbit/s
GSM 115 kbit/s,WLAN 11 Mbit/s
GSM 53 kbit/sBluetooth 500 kbit/s
GSM/EDGE 135 kbit/s,WLAN 780 kbit/s
LAN, WLAN780 kbit/s
Mobile and Mobile and WWireless ireless SServices – Always ervices – Always Best ConnectedBest Connected
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Disaster Recovery/MilitaryDisaster Recovery/Military
9/11, Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, South Asian earthquake …
Wireless communication andmobile computing capabilitycan make a difference between life and death !– rapid deployment– efficient resource and energy usage– flexible: unicast, broadcast, multicast, anycast– resilient: survive in unfavorable and untrusted environments
http://www.att.com/ndr/
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Habitat Monitoring: Example on Great Duck Island
Patch Network
Transit Network
Basestation
Gateway
A 15-minute human visit leads to 20% offspring mortality
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Challenge 1: Unreliable and Unpredictable Challenge 1: Unreliable and Unpredictable Wireless CoverageWireless Coverage
Asymmetry vs. PowerReception v. Distance
*Cerpa, Busek et. al
What Robert Poor (Ember) calls “The good, the bad and the ugly”
Wireless links are not reliable: they may vary over time and space
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Challenge 2: Open Wireless MediumChallenge 2: Open Wireless Medium Wireless interference
Hidden terminals and
Exposed terminal
Wireless security– eavesdropping, denial of service, …
S1
S2
R1
R1
S1 R1 R2
R1 S1 S2 R2
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Challenge 3: MobilityChallenge 3: Mobility
Mobility causes poor-quality wireless links
Mobility causes intermittent connection– under intermittent connected networks, traditional routing, TCP,
applications all break
Mobility changes context, e.g., location
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Challenge 4: PortabilityChallenge 4: Portability
Limited battery power
Limited processing, display and storage
Sensors,embeddedcontrollers
Mobile phones• voice, data• simple graphical displays• GSM/3G
PDA phone• data• simpler graphical displays• 802.11/3G
Laptop• fully functional• standard applications• battery; 802.11
PPerformanceerformance/Weight/Power Consumption/Weight/Power Consumption
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Challenge 5: Changing Regulation and Challenge 5: Changing Regulation and Multiple Communication StandardsMultiple Communication Standards
cellular phones satellites wireless LAN
cordlessphones
1992:GSM
1994:DCS 1800
2001:IMT-2000
1987:CT1+
1982:Inmarsat-
A
1992:Inmarsat-BInmarsat-M
1998:Iridium
1989:CT 21991:DECT 199x:
proprietary
1997:IEEE 802.11
1999:802.11b, Bluetooth
1988:Inmarsat-
C
analogue
digital
1991:D-AMPS
1991:CDMA
1981:NMT 450
1986:NMT 900
1980:
CT01984
:CT1
1983:AMPS
1993:PDC
2000:GPRS
2000:IEEE 802.11a
Fourth Generation(Internet based)
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Wireless TechnologiesWireless Technologies
PAN(Personal Area
Network)
LAN(Local Area Network)
WAN(Wide Area Network)
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
PAN LAN MAN WAN
Standards Bluetooth/UWB802.15.3
802.11802.11802.16802.20
GSM, CDMA, Satellite
Speed Bluetooth < 1 Mbps UWB <480Mbps
b: 11 to g: 54 Mbps 10-100+ Mbps 10 Kbps–2 Mbps
Range Short Medium Medium-Long Long
Applications Peer-to-PeerDevice-to-Device
Enterprise Networks
Last Mile AccessMobile Data
Devices
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Evolution of Mobile Systems to 4GEvolution of Mobile Systems to 4G
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Mobile StationMobile Station
MP3, GPS, vending machine UMPC
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Base StationBase Station
Cheaper, denser, smaller
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WMAN/WiMax StructureWMAN/WiMax Structure Replace cable or low speed fiber in the last mile
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Comparison of 802.11 StandardsComparison of 802.11 Standards g is back compatible with b. but b is supported by Intel
CDMA vs. OFDM
Free WIFI in SF
Contention based multiple access
802.11AC
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Personal Area NetworksPersonal Area Networks 802.15: 4m-10m
– Master-slave piconets
– Capable of connecting a mix of multiple piconets into “scatternet”
– Service discovery protocol allows invisible interaction of various “trusted” devices
– Less susceptible to interference
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BluetoothBluetooth Wireless PAN 2.4GHz band with 1Mbps speed Spread spectrum frequency-hopping “always on” user-transparent cable-replacement Combination of packet-switching & circuit-switching (good for
data & voice) 3 voice channels - 64Kbps each Low power, low cost Transparently connects “office” devices
– Laptop, Desktop, PDA, Phone, printer
Bridging capability: network-pda-phone Zigbee: low power devices
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Ultra Wide BandUltra Wide Band High speed at short range:
– 480 Mb/s at ~3m. Does not penetrate walls
Bandwidth
>500MHz
Very low power
density
Wireless USB
HDTV connection
CDMA vs. OFDM
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ComparisonComparison Speed and Range
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Ad Hoc NetworkAd Hoc Network Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
– An autonomous collection of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links.
– Since the nodes are mobile, the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time.
– The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering messages must be executed by the nodes themselves. MANETs need efficient distributed algorithms to determine network organization, link scheduling, and routing.
– The set of applications for MANETs is heterogeneous, ranging from small, static networks that are constrained by power sources, to large-scale, mobile, highly dynamic networks
– In a military environment, preservation of security, latency, reliability, intentional jamming, and recovery from failure are significant concerns
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MANET ExamplesMANET Examples Ad hoc mode of WIFI
Military
Infrastructure-less
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Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor Networks
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Cognitive RadioCognitive Radio Software radio
– Can change modulation
carrier frequency to
different service
providers
Cognitive radio
with cognitive
ability
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Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Medium
Data Link
Physical
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Data Link
Physical
Network Network
Radio
Often we need to implement a function across multiple layers.
The Layered RThe Layered Reference eference ModelModel
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GPS OrbitsGPS Orbits
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GPS PositionGPS Position
By knowing how far one is from three satellites one can ideally find their 3D coordinates
To correct for clock errors one needs to receive four satellites
Differential GPS: local FM
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Type of wavesType of waves
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Radio Frequency BandsRadio Frequency Bands
Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics
Extremely low ELF < 300 Hz
Ground waveInfra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 kHz
Very low VLF 3 kHz - 30 kHz
Low LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz
Medium MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz Ground/Sky wave
High HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz Sky wave
Very high VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz
Space waveUltra high UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz
Super high SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz
Extremely high EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz
Tremendously high THF 300 GHz - 3000 GHz
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Satellite CommunicationsSatellite Communications Large communication area. Any
two places within the coverage of radio transmission by satellite can communicate with each other.
Seldom effected by land disaster ( high reliability)
Circuit can be started upon establishing earth station (prompt circuit starting)
Can be received at many places simultaneously, and realize broadcast, multi-access communication economically( feature of multi-access)
Very flexible circuit installment , can disperse over-centralized traffic at any time.
One channel can be used in different directions or areas (multi-access connecting).
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Rain AttenuationRain Attenuation
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Channel, Bandwidth, SpectrumChannel, Bandwidth, Spectrum Bandwidth: the number of bits per second is proportional to B
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf