EE 330 Fall 2021
Transcript of EE 330 Fall 2021
EE 330
Fall 2021
Lecture Instructors: Randy Geiger
2133 Coover
[email protected] 294-7745
Course Web Site: http://class.ece.iastate.edu/ee330/
Lecture: MWF 12:05 –12:55
Lab: Sec 1 Tues 8:00 - 10:50 TA:
Sec 2 Tues 11:00 - 1:50 TA:
Sec 3 Wed 5:30 - 8:20 TA:
Sec 4 Fri 7:45 - 10:35 TA:
Sec 5 Thur 8:00 - 10:50 TA:
Labs start this week !
HW Assignment 1 will be posted later today and is due this Friday
Integrated Electronics
As a courtesy to fellow classmates, TAs, and the instructor
Wearing of masks during lectures and in the
laboratories for this course would be appreciated
irrespective of vaccination status
Photo courtesy of the director of the National Institute of Health ( NIH)
1. Douglas Zuercher [email protected]
2. Margaret Heaslip [email protected]
3. Julio Torres [email protected]
4. Nick Moser [email protected]
Laboratory Instructors and TAs:
Instructor Access:
• Office Hours
– To Be Announced
– By appointment at other times
– Include EE 330 in subject
Catalog Description
E E 330. Integrated Electronics. (Same as Cpr
E 330.) (3-3) Cr. 4. F.S. Prereq: 201, credit or
enrollment in EE 230, Cpr E 210. Semiconductor
technology for integrated circuits. Modeling of
integrated devices including diodes, BJTs, and
MOSFETs. Physical layout. Circuit simulation.
Digital building blocks and digital circuit
synthesis. Analysis and design of analog
building blocks. Laboratory exercises and design
projects with CAD tools and standard cells.
Electronic Circuits in Industry Today
• Almost all electronic circuits are, at the most fundamental level, an
interconnection of transistors and some passive components such as
resistors, capacitors, and inductors
• For many years, electronic systems involved placing a large number of
discrete transistors along with passive components on a printed circuit
board
• Today, most electronic systems will not include any discrete transistors but
often billions of transistors grouped together into a few clusters called
integrated circuits
• In this course, emphasis will be placed on developing an understanding
on how transistors operate, on how they can be combined to perform
useful functions on an integrated circuit, and on designing basic analog
and digital integrated circuits
• A basic understanding of semiconductor and fabrication technology
and device modeling is necessary to use transistors in the design of
useful integrated circuits
Semiconductor and
Fabrication Technology
CAD Tools
Device Operation
and Models
Circuit Structures and
Circuit Design
How Integrated Electronics will be Approached
Will initially bounce back and forth between these topics – but have faith !
Circuit Structures and
Circuit Design
How Electronics was Approached for Decades
Coupling of electronic circuits with fabrication technology
was weak and device models were simple
Semiconductor and
Fabrication Technology
CAD Tools
Device Operation
and Models
Circuit Structures
and Circuit Design
How Integrated Electronics will be ApproachedAfter about four weeks, through laboratory experiments and lectures,
the concepts should come together
The sequencing of laboratory experiments has been intentionally structured so
that on some topics, a laboratory investigation will lead a topic in the classroom
and in others it will follow
Topical Coverage
• Semiconductor Processes
• Device Models (Diode,MOSFET,BJT, Thyristor)
• Layout
• Simulation and Verification (using commercial state of the art toolsets)
• Basic Digital Building Blocks
• Behavioral Design and Synthesis
– Standard cells
• Basic Analog Building Blocks
Textbook:CMOS VLSI Design – A Circuits and Systems Perspective
by Weste and Harris Addison Wesley/Pearson, 2011- Fourth edition
Extensive course notes (probably over 1800 slides) will be posted
Detailed Course Notes
Lecture material will not follow textbook on a section-by-section basis
Grading Policy
3 Exams 100 pts each
1 Final 100 pts.
Homework 100 pts.total
Lab and Lab Reports 100 pts.total
Design Project 100 pts.
• A letter grade will be assigned based upon the total
points accumulated
• Grade breaks will be determined based upon overall
performance of the class
Studying for this course:• By focusing on the broad concepts, the details should be rather easy to
grasp
• Focusing on the details rather than broad concepts will make this course
very difficult
• Read textbook as a support document even when lecture material is not
concentrating on specific details in the book
• Although discussing homework problems with others on occasion is not
forbidden, time will be best spent solving problems individually
• The value derived from the homework problems is not the grade but
rather the learning that the problems are designed to provide
• Seek help from the instructor or the TAs if help is needed on any topic
• Ask questions in class on any concepts that are not clearly understood
Equal Access Policy
Participation in all class functions and provisions for special circumstances including special needs will be in accord with ISU policy
Participation in any classes or laboratories, turning in of homework, or taking any exams is optional however grades will be assigned in accord with the described grading policy. No credit will be given for any components of the course without valid excuse if students choose to not contribute. Successful completion of ALL laboratory experiments and submission of complete laboratory reports for ALL laboratory experiments to TA by deadline established by laboratory instructor is, however, required to pass this course.
Laboratory Safety
Be aware of safety even when operating in a virtual environment !
Due Dates and Late Reports
Homework assignments will be posted on the class WEB site and turned in on Canvas
Laboratory reports are due at the beginning of the period when the next laboratory experiment is scheduled. Reports will be turned in on Canvas. The last laboratory report will be due one week after the scheduled completion of the experiment.
Design Project
• Design project will focus on the design of an integrated circuit
• Opportunity will exist to have the integrated circuit
fabricated through MOSIS
• Fabricated circuit will not be back from foundry until some
time after class is over
• The cost of this fabrication would be many $ thousands if
paid for privately
• The final project will be culminated with an oral
presentation and a written report
www.mosis.com
Effective immediately, MOSIS continues to support ON Semi B5 0.5
micron process (formally C5) for VLSI design classes for undergraduate
courses under new MOSIS University Support Program. This will be the
only free fabrication technology going forward.
From MOSIS WEB site Aug 26, 2019
Reference Texts:
Fundamentals of Microelectronics
by B. Razavi, Wiley, 2013
CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation (4th Edition)
by Jacob Baker, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2019.
The Art of Analog Layout
by Alan Hastings, Prentice Hall, 2005
Reference Texts:
Microelectronic Circuit Design (4th edition)
By Richard Jaeger and Travis Blalock,
McGraw Hill, 2015
Digital Integrated Circuits (2nd Edition)
by Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, Prentice Hall,
2003
Microelectronic Circuits (7th Edition)
by Sedra and Smith, Oxford, 2014
Other useful reference texts in the VLSI field:
Analog Integrated Circuit Design (2nd edition)
by T. Carusone, D. Johns and K. Martin, Wiley, 2011
CMOS Analog Circuit Design (3rd edition)
by Allen and Holberg, Oxford, 2011.
Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits
by B. Razavi, McGraw Hill, 2016
Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits-Fifth Edition
Gray, Hurst, Lewis and Meyer, Wiley, 2009
Untethered Communication Policy
Use them !
Hearing them ring represents business opportunity !
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology Revolution
Obsolete or Current?
Technology Revolution
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Technology Revolution
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Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
Technology Revolution
Obsolete or Current?
Technology Revolution
Obsolete or Current?
Technology Revolution
Obsolete or Current?
Technology RevolutionObsolete or Current?
The Semiconductor Industry
How big is it ?
How does it compare to other industries?
(just the “chip” part of the business)
How big is the semiconductor industry?
Semiconductor sales do not include the sales of the electronic systems in
which they are installed and this marked is much bigger !!
Projected at $483 Billion in 2019
The Semiconductor Industry
How big is it ?
How does it compare to Iowa-Centric
Commodoties?
Iowa-Centric Commodities
Iowa-Centric Commodities
In the United States, Iowa ranks:
First in Corn production
First in Soybean production
First in Egg production
First in Hog production
Second in Red Meat production
http://www.iowalifechanging.com/travel/iowafacts/statistics.html
Iowa-Centric Commodities
Corn
Beans
Iowa-Centric Commodities
Corn Beans
Agricultural Commodities are a Major Part of the Iowa Economy
Value of Agricultural Commodities
Bushels (Billions)
Iowa 2.2
United States 12
World 23
Corn Production Soybean Production
Bushels (Billions)
Iowa 0.34
United States 3.1
World 8.0
CornSoybeans
Based upon Jan 12, 2020 markets in Boone Iowa
Jan 2020 3.69 8.80
Value of Agricultural Commodities
Bushels
(Billions)
Value (Billion
Dollars)
Iowa 2.2 $8.1
United
States12 $44
World 23 $85
Corn Production Soybean Production
Bushels
(Millions)
Value (Billion
Dollars)
Iowa 340 $3.0
United States 3,100 $27
World 8,000 $70
Projected world 2019 semiconductor sales of $483B about 312% larger
than value of total corn and soybean production today!
(Based upon commodity prices in Boone Iowa on Aug 17 2018)
(simplifying assumption: value constant around world)
Semiconductor sales has averaged about 300% larger than value of total
corn and soybean production for much of past two decades!
The Semiconductor IndustryHow big is it ?
How does it compare to Iowa-Centric
Commodities?
Larger than major agricultural commodities (over 3X)
About $470B/Year and growing
The semiconductor industry is one of the largest
sectors in the world economy and continues to grow
And the electronics industry which embeds the
semiconductor devices is much larger
How is the semiconductor industry
distributed around the world?
Dramatic Dynamic Changes Ongoing
Why did Samsung’s position change so much?
Applications of Electronic Devices
• Communication systems
• Computation systems
• Instrumentation and control
• Signal processing
• Biomedical devices
• Automotive
• Entertainment
• Military
• Many-many more
Applications often incorporate several classical application areas
Large number (billions) of devices (transistors) in many applications
Electronic circuit designers must understand system operation to
provide useful electronic solutions
Is an automobile an electronics “gadget”?
Rewards in the Electronics Field
Can engineers working in the semiconductor electronics
field make a good living?
Opportunities in the Electronics Field
• A lot has happened in the field in the past 4 decades
• Are there still opportunities?
But be realistic about the difference between what
can be done and what can be done profitably
How many of you stream high definition video
on smart phones?
If not, how many would like to?
8K UHD Television
Consider Television Sets and Monitors
Pixels: 7680 Horizontal and 4320 Vertical
But: No 8K media or broadcast channels available in the US and none on the
horizon at this time (Jan 2020)!
4K UHD Television
Consider Television Sets and Monitors
Pixels: 3840 Horizontal and 2160 Vertical
An example of electronic opportunities
Consider High Definition Television (HDTV)
Frame size: 3840 x 2160 pixels (one UHD TV frame size)
Frame rate: 120 frames/second (one HDTV frame rate)
Pixel Resolution: 12 bits each RGB plus 12 bits alpha (48 bits/pixel) (no HDTV standard)
Video:
RAW (uncompressed) video data requirements: (3840*2160)*120*(48) = 48 G bits/sec
Audio:
Sample rate: 192 K SPS (44.1 more common)
Resolution: 24 bits (16 bits or less usually adequate)
Number of Channels: 2 (Stereo)
RAW (uncompressed) audio data requirements: 192K*24*2 = 9.2 Mbits/sec
• RAW video data rate approximately 5000X the RAW audio data rate
• Are RAW video data rates too large to be practical ??
8K UHD RAW (uncompressed) video data requirements: 144 G bits/sec
(some references show 36 G bits/sec)
How much would it cost to download a 2-hour UHD TV “movie”
using RAW audio and video on a Verizon Smart Phone today?
Verizon Data Plan Jan 2016 (for over 12G per month) $3.5/GB
RAW (uncompressed) video data requirements = 48 G bits/sec
Total cost: $150,000
RAW (uncompressed) audio data requirements: 192K*24*2 = 9.2 Mbits/sec
• Moving audio and video data is still expensive and still challenging !
• Be careful about what you ask for because you can often get it!
Total bits: 48x60x120 Gb = 346,000 Gb
Total bytes: 48x60x120/8 GB = 43,000 GB = 43 TB
What can be done to reduce these costs?
(to keep reasonable bandwidth without throttling)
An example of electronic opportunities
Consider High Definition Television (UHDTV)
Video:
RAW (uncompressed) video data requirements: 48 G bits/sec
Audio:
RAW (uncompressed) audio data requirements: 192K*24*2 = 9.2 Mbits/sec
Compressive video coding widely used to reduce data speed and storage requirements
• UHDTV video streams used by the broadcast industry are typically between
14MB/sec and 19MB/sec (a compressive coding of about 14:1)
• But even with compression, the amount of data that must be processed
and stored is very large
• Large electronic circuits required to gather, process, record, transmit, and
receive data for HDTV
What does data really cost today (Aug 2021)?
$2/GBEffective data rates:
Is it really unlimited?
Yes – but …
What about throttling?
How much would it cost to download a 2-hour HDTV “movie”
using compressed audio and video on a Verizon Smart Phone
today? Assume total signal compressed to 14MB/sec
Verizon Data Plan of Jan 2016 $3.50/GB
Total cost: $10,745
Moving audio and video data is still expensive and still challenging !
Total bytes: 43,000 GB/14 = 3070 GB = 3.1 TB
(Verizon data plan of Aug 2015 is $7.50/GB from 1G to 3G increment)
(Verizon data plan of April 2014 is $15/GB from 1G to 3G increment)
Data costs for cellular communications are dropping ?
(Verizon data plan of Aug 2018 is $15/GB over plan limit if not unlimited)
Challenge to Students
• Become aware of how technology operates
• Identify opportunities where electronics technology
can be applied
• Ask questions about how things operate and why
Stay Safe and Stay Healthy !
End of Lecture 1