EE 132 Electronic Devices and...
Transcript of EE 132 Electronic Devices and...
![Page 1: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EE 132 Electronic
Devices and Circuits
Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University
Spring 2015
Lecturer: Bassem Mokhtar, Ph.D. Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Alexandria University
Introduction 1-1
![Page 2: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
Course Overview
Quick Review on Circuit Basics
Introduction to Electronics
Semiconductor Physics
Introduction 1-2
![Page 3: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Course details
Lecture hours: 4 Two Lectures weekly (Saturdays and Wednesdays)
Tutorial hours: 2 One tutorial class every week
Lab hours: 1 One experiment every two weeks
Course website: http://eng.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/spring_2015/electronics_EE.htm
Introduction 1-3
![Page 4: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Course outline
Introduction to semiconductor physics and materials (2 weeks) Conductors vs. Insulators vs. Semiconductors
p-type, n-type
p-n junctions (2 weeks) Diodes and diode circuits
BJT transistors (3 weeks) Different types of BJT circuits
DC and AC Biasing
FET transistors (1 week) Brief Introduction
JFET
MOSFET (4 weeks) Different types of MOSFET circuits
DC and AC biasing
CMOS (1 week)
Introduction 1-4
![Page 5: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Course Objectives
Having successfully completed this course, the student will be able to: (a) Comprehensively understand of electronic circuits and devices (diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs)
(b) Learn physical models of the operation of semiconductor devices
(c) Examine the design and operation of important circuits that utilize these devices
Introduction 1-5
Course Prerequisites: Course: EE x11 Electric Circuits
![Page 6: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
References
Lecture Notes
“Microelectronic Circuits”, Sedra/Smith,4th edition, 2004.
“Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Boylestad and Nashelsky, 7th edition
“Fundamentals of Microelectronics”, Razavi, 2006
Introduction 1-6
![Page 7: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Assessment Lab Work: ~ 11.5% (20 points)
Experiments and related reports (10 points)
Project (each team comprises 6 students) (10 points)
• Project paper, discussion, presentation and Simulations (LTspice IV)
Midterm Exam: 20% (35 points)
Oral Exam: ~ 8.5% (15 points)
Final Exam: 60% (105 points)
Introduction 1-7
![Page 8: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Project The final project will run in parallel with the course. Each team (six students per team)
will choose freely an electronic device/topic (not covered in the course)
The electronic device/topic will be chosen by the team on a first-come first-serve (FCFS) basis (no more than two teams per device/topic)
The team will need to do more extensive searching for the latest research work concerning the selected device/topic
Each team will prepare and submit a project paper (using WORD, LATEX) which provides qualitative study for the their device /topic via including: Schematic of related device structure illustrating the key operating principles
Representative electrical data showing how related device works (e.g., current-voltage curves)
Discussion of the basic operation of related device and key variations thereof
Discussion of the major challenges to realizing the related device in a technology
Table of performance measure metrics for the related device
Table of comparison which compares the related device with other relevant/similar devices
Citation of all referenced work, figures, etc
(You can add other issues based on your selected device/topic) example: experimental study and results
Conducting simulations (using, for example, LTSpice IV) will be considered as bonus for the team members
Implementing hardware circuits for the studied topic/device will be also considered as bonus.
Teams will present their project and they will be discussed
Introduction 1-8
![Page 9: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Examples of Project Topics Carbon nanotube field effect transistor
Ballistic transistors
Resonant Tunneling Diode
Coulomb blockade and single electron transistor
Graphene field effect transistor
Dissipation in FETs
Nano Sensors
Flexible Electronics
Quantum effects in nanoscale electronic devices
Raspberry Pi
FPGA
Introduction 1-9
DEADLINE for Project Team Formation and Project Topic
Selection: 22th February
![Page 10: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Office Hours
Wednesdays (11:00 am to 12:00 pm) or appointment at office 4-4-F132 Email me via group representatives
Introduction 1-10
Attendance
Attendance in class is considered essential
Course TA Eng. Mostafa Ayesh and Eng. Yahia
Elbeltagy (tutorials)
![Page 11: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-11
![Page 12: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-12
![Page 13: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-13
Test your self now:
Write down equation
for calculating iB in
terms of voltages,
currents and resistors
![Page 14: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-14
![Page 15: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-15
![Page 16: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-16
![Page 17: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-17
![Page 18: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-18
![Page 19: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Quick Review (Circuit Basics)
Introduction 1-19
![Page 20: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Introduction 1-20
Introduction to Electronics
Block diagram of a simple electronic system: AM radio receiver
![Page 21: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Introduction 1-21
Introduction to Electronics
Amplifiers
Filters
Signal sources (oscillators)
Wave-shaping circuits
Digital logic functions
Memories
Power supplies
Converters
Common “Blocks” in an Electronic System
![Page 22: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Introduction 1-22
Introduction to Electronics
Analog vs. Digital Signals
![Page 23: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Introduction 1-23
Introduction to Electronics
Analog to Digital Conversion
![Page 24: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Introduction 1-24
Introduction to Electronics
Signals and Noise
![Page 25: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Introduction 1-25
Introduction to Electronics
Analog vs. Digital Digital circuits advantages
Better immunity to noise
Easier to implement with IC techniques
More adaptable to variable uses
Analog Circuits advantages Require less devices
Better to deal with low signal amplitudes
Better to deal with high frequencies
![Page 26: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What is the foundation material for all modern electronics ?
Answer: Semiconductor materials
Introduction 1-26
![Page 27: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Introduction 1-27
![Page 28: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Brief History Rectification in metal-semiconductor contact (Braun, 1874)
Theory of thermionic emission (Bethe 1942)
Transistor (point-contact transistor) using polycrystalline germanium (Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain, 1947)
Bipolar junction transistor (Shockley, 1947)
Integrated circuit (Kilby and Noyce, 1958) using bipolar junction transistors
Practical metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices (1960s)
Small Scale Integration (SSI) (~10 Trs.chip) ->MSI(~100 Trs/chip)-> LSI (10,000 Trs/chip) in the 1970s)
VLSI (~10^5 Trs/chip) -> ULSI (10^6 Trs/chip) in the 1990s
Multicore chip processors -> 10^8 Trs/core up to 8 processors by 2010
The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) predicts 8 nm feature size with 1000 cores in 2020
Introduction 1-28
![Page 29: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
GOING TO THE FIRST TOPIC
Semiconductor Physics
Introduction 1-29
![Page 30: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Introduction 1-30
![Page 31: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Comparison Conductor
Easily can conduct electrical current Least valence electron on the atom-loosely bounded
Insulator Does not conduct electrical current under normal
condition Most are compounds Lots of electron exist on the valence shell-tightly
bounded
Semiconductor Element that is neither a conductor nor an insulator but
lies between the two element A material that is between conductors and insulators in
its ability to conduct electrical current Easily affected by temperature and light energy Most of them have 4 valence electrons on the valence
shells-bounded in intermediate strength
Introduction 1-31
![Page 32: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Semiconductor Materials Atom Bohr Model
Atom have planetary type of structure consisting central nucleus equipped with the proton and surrounded by orbiting electron
Proton are positively charged and electron are negatively charged
Atomic number The atomic number is equal to the number of
protons in an atom’s nucleus
Distinguishes the chemical group characteristics
Electron shells and orbit Electron near the nucleus have less energy
than the outer one
Each electron orbits are grouped in shells (energy bands)
Introduction 1-32
Maximum number of electrons
(Ne) that exist in each shells of
atom can be calculated as
Ne = 2n2
where n(1,2,3,…) is the
number of the shells.
![Page 33: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Semiconductor Materials Energy level increases as the distance from
the nucleus increases Valence electron
The outmost electrons are in the valence shells and known as valence electrons Valence shells represents the energy band of an atom The farther the electrons from the nucleus, the higher energy it gets Strongly related defining chemical reaction, bonding
structure and electrical properties Semiconductors have four valence electrons at the outermost
atomic shell Most conductors have just one electron in the valence shell
(high probability to form covalent bonds) Insulators have eight valence electrons
Introduction 1-33
![Page 34: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Semiconductor Materials
Introduction 1-34
Valence shells represents the band of energy of an atom
Conduction bands
Existence of valence electron where that electron becomes a free electron when it acquires enough additional external energy
Energy gaps
Energy differences between conduction bands and valence bands (define the required energy for electron valence to be a free electron)
![Page 35: EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuitseng.staff.alexu.edu.eg/~bmokhtar/courses/electronics_EE/... · 2015-02-17 · EE 132 Electronic Devices and Circuits Electrical Engineering Department](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022040221/5e39f865c5377f41085c0c65/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Introduction 1-35
Lecture Summary
Covered material Course Introduction
Load, assessment and topics
Quick Review (circuit basics) Introduction to Electronics and Semiconductor
Physics Material to be covered next lecture
Continue Semiconductor Physics Types of semiconductors Types of charge “carriers” in semiconductors Creation of electron-hole pairs Doping