EDucaton and Its Problems (PCT) Final
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Transcript of EDucaton and Its Problems (PCT) Final
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EDUCATION IN INDIA : KEY
PROBLEMS AND
REMEDIES
A PRESENTATION ON
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PRESENTED BY
Mayank Ganatra (1225014)
Amol Date (1225015)
Jyoten Panditpautra (1225016)
Suvarna Ghule (1225017)
Ashwin Tank (1225018)
Kshitij Godbole (1225019)
Yogi Bhimani (1225020)
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OVERVIEWAs we all know that what role does Education
play in our lives and what is its importance. The
presentation throws light on Indian Education
System It includes a brief overview on education,different levels of education, policies of the
government, problem that the Indian Education
system is facing, the loopholes in the education
system, the initiatives taken by the governmentto improve education system and at the end the
conclusion.
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INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS EDUCATION ?
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aimsand habits of a group of people sustain from one generation to the
next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect onthe way one thinks, feels, or acts. In its narrow, technical sense, education is
the formal process by which society deliberately transmits its
accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to
another, e.g. instruction in schools.
EDUCATION IN INDIAEducation in India is provided by the public sector as well as the privatesector, with control and funding coming from three levels: central, state, and
local. Education in India falls under the control of both the Union Government
and the states, with some responsibilities lying with the Union and the states
having autonomy for others. The various articles of the Indian Constitution
provide for education as a fundamental right. Most universities in India arecontrolled by the Union or the State Government.
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EDUCATION IN INDIA
India having a good growth in literacy still faces stern challenges :-
1. 25% of its population is still illiterate
2. Only 15% of Indian students reach high school
3. Just 7%, of the 15% who make it to high school, graduate.
4. The quality of education whether at primary or higher education is
significantly poor as compared with major developing nations.5. 25% of teaching positions nationwide are vacant.
6. 57% of college professors lack either a master's or PhD degree.
7. As of 2011, there are 1522 degree-granting engineering colleges in India
with an annual student intake of 582,000, plus 1,244 polytechnics with an
annual intake of 265,000. However, these institutions face shortage of
faculty and concerns have been raised over the quality of education.
India has the largest student population in the world with over 13.5cr pupils in
primary education. Educating such a large population is not only an expensive
task but also a very difficult one. This task is being handled primarily by the
government through its school infrastructure and large Budgetary outlays.
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LEVELS OF EDUCATION IN
INDIA
Levels of education in India are as follows :-
1. Primary Education
2. Secondary Education
3. Under-Graduate Education
4. Post Graduate Education
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EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN
INDIA NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATIONThe National Policy on Education (NEP) is a policy formulatedby the Government of India to promote education amongst
India's people. The policy covers elementary education to
colleges in both rural and urban India.
i. It emphasizes three aspects in relation to elementaryeducation:
universal access and enrolment,
ii. Universal retention of children up to 14 years of age, and
iii. A substantial improvement in the quality of education to
enable all children to achieve.
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EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN
INDIA
RIGHT TO EDUCATIONThe landmark passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory
Education (RTE) Act 2009 marks a historic moment for the children of
India. For the first time in Indias history, children will be guaranteed
their right to quality elementary education by the state with the help of
families and communities.Few countries in the world have such a national provision to ensure
child-centered, child-friendly education to help all children develop to
their fullest potential. There were an estimated eight million six to 14-
year-olds in India out-of-school in 2009.
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EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN
INDIA THE NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN 1974The National Policy for Children 1974 was founded on the
conviction that child development programmes are necessary
to ensure equality of opportunity to these children. It provides
the framework for assigning priorities to different needs of
children, and for responding to them in an integrated manner.Other policies, programmes and schemes for child
development have been formulated, keeping in mind the
objectives of this National Policy.
(i) All children shall be covered by a comprehensive health
programme.
(ii) Programmes shall be implemented to provide nutritionservices with the
object of removing deficiencies in the diet of children.
(iii) Programmes will be undertaken for the general
improvement of the health.
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF
EDUCATION IN INDIA
Today Indian education is suffering from many problems. There are many
and many schools, colleges, university in India likes IIMs, IITs, AIIM and
Many other university, college and institute where science, medical, business,
computer, engineering, media etc. and a lot of carrier builder offered in India
although there is a big education problem is that many of students could not
get a higher education in case of money problem.
Persons Males Females
Total No. of literates 560,687,797 336,533,716 224,154,081Literacy rate 64.8% 75.3% 53.7%
Rural No. of literates 361,870,817 223,551,641 138,319,176Literacy rate 58.7% 70.7% 46.1%
Urban No. of literates 198,816,980 112,982,075 85,834,905Literacy rate
79.9%
86.3% 72.9%
Indian Education Census Data 2011
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF
EDUCATION IN INDIA
1. Workforce Quality-Insufficient and Inappropriate
workforce is available.
Teachers with very less or no
professional experiences
and training are present or
the no. of teachers are less
for the no. of students .
2. Funding & Infrastructure
Due to insufficient funding
the infrastructure of the
institutions remain in a badstate . The basic facilities are
not available to the students.
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF
EDUCATION IN INDIA
3. Curriculum The curriculum in India concentrates on theory based
study and less of practical and co-curricular studies causing the
students to be stressed.
4. Participation - At the lower secondary level (grades nine and 10),
enrolment rate is 52%, while at the senior secondary level (grades 11 and12), it is 28%. While the enrollment rate in pre-school is merely 18%,
there is a 48% drop-out rate in elementary education.
5. Controversy There are various institutes in India having a controversialrecord including no. of fake institutions. In 2010 , The University Grant
Commission found 39 fake institutions operating in India.
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF
EDUCATION IN INDIA
There other numerous problems like:-
1. For hardly very few seats in college lakhs of students give the exams
and hardly a small percentage gets selected .
2. Many of the students who have performed really well till their highersecondary education cannot pursue further studies because financial
constraints from families .
3. The private schools have a decided fee structure till the 12th grade . This
structure is generally expensive for the poor people and hence they admit
their students in government schools where there are many problems ofworkforce etc.
4. The girl child does not get education in rural India saying that girls are not
for education and hence are not admitted to schools
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GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESThe government has been trying its best to promote education in India .
Various initiatives take have been listed below :-
1. Sarva Shikshan Abhiyan (SSA) - The SSA (education for all) is the prime
initiative undertaken by the Central Government of India to improve the
overall literacy levels and quality of education in the country. It targets to
produce more number of schools , new classes , better quality of
education by training teachers etc. The table below shows theimprovement in the education standards by the implementation of SSA and
their action plan.
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GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
2. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas - India faces discrimination in the fieldof education based on the gender of the child. The parents are more interested
in getting their male children educated rather than the female children. This has
led to a lower literacy rate among females compared to males. Such disparity at
the higher level has been declining but at a slower pace. The government istrying to reduce this anomaly and has set up approximately 800 Kasturba
Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas. Also, as part of the SSA, an additional 410 such
vidyalayas are to be set up in educationally backward areas.
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GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
3. Mid Day Meal Scheme in this scheme the students areprovided with mid day meals so as to promote and encourage the
children to come to schools . This act is in progress since 1925 .
The grain support is provided by the government .this act has
helped in substantial growth of literacy rates in India.
4. Funding by implementation of educational cess - Thegovernment has imposed an Education cess on income tax to fund
its various programs, which target to improve the quality and reach
of education in India. This cess is used to fund programs like theSSA.
Collection of Education cess will also help in keeping the cost of
education in India low at all levels including schools and colleges,
as subsidies and aids are provided to a large number of these
institutions to improve accessibility for the lower and middle class
families to educate their children.
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SUGGESTIVE REMEDIESThere are numerous problems in education which can be resolved or reduced
using the following methods :-
1. Public-Private-Partnership - In view of huge requirements of infrastructureand manpower in the field of Education and backlogs in the implementation of
the SSA, the government is exploring new ways to achieve its targets, such as
the public-private partnership (PPP) route. The first step is to improve the
quality of education by getting content and certain school infrastructure
designed and implemented by private companies. In this way the teachers can
be trained , funds can be increased etc.
2. Role of Private Educators- There are approximately 50,000 private schoolsin India. A majority of these schools are present in the urban pockets and cater
to more affluent classes. The parents whose children are studying at these
schools expect a higher standard of education and have comparatively higherexpectations from these schools in terms of infrastructure, facilities and
courseware.
There are approximately 50,000 private schools in India. A majority of these
schools are present in the urban pockets and cater to more affluent classes. The
parents whose children are studying at these schools expect a higher standard of
education and have comparatively higher expectations from these schools interms of infrastructure, facilities and courseware.
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SUGGESTIVE REMEDIES
3. Quality of education requires teacher training - Most teachers do not havea pre-service training qualification and begin teaching in schools without any
orientation
In India, as many as 54% of the Primary schools (4.17lakh) have only one or two
teachers. The number of primary schools with three or less teachers is astaggering 71.5% (5.49lakh). Most of the governments teacher training
programs have been designed for mono-grade teaching situations.
Hence it is really important to train teachers to improve the quality of education .
Companies like Educomp also provide professional training to these teachers as
a part of their joint ventures.
4. Demand of education in regional languages - As per the Right to EducationBill 2005, it is the intent of the government to provide education to children in
their mother tongue or the appropriate regional languages. The motivation of the
government is due to the fact that the child would understand instructions easily
in his/her mother tongue and thus, the quality of education would be better.
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NEED FOR MULTIMEDIA-BASEDEDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
One of the innovative ways to teach students is through theuse of multimedia. Multimedia helps the child to understand
the instructions and courseware better thereby enhancing the
quality of instructions by explaining the content graphically
wherever needed. Companies like Educomp and Everonnprovide various products that enhance the capabilities of
teachers and help students understand the courseware better,
leading to a significant improvement in the quality of education
imparted. Out of the 50,000 private schools in India, 10-
12,000 charge a fee of over Rs1,000 per month per student.These schools are the immediately addressable market for
such courseware.
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NEED FOR MULTIMEDIA-BASEDEDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
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CONCLUSION
The future of the nation depends upon the literacy rate which
ultimately depends on the Education so Education in India needs to
be taken seriously, in order to make India compete with other
nations and stand out as a winner.
In the Report we found that there were many problems which were
responsible for poor literacy rates. To overcome these initiatives
were taken by the government to create awareness of the
importance of education. The government also focused on the
education of the girl child as girls were not educated then. The
government also introduced the Mid day meal scheme which
provided afternoon meals to students of the government school.
Many steps were initiated by the government to improve education
in India but still there are some loopholes in the education system.
So better policies should be formulated, initiatives must be taken
and the problem must be overcome . This can happen by creating
awareness amongst people.