Health: Substance AbuseDanielle Kern

Tobacco

The BeginningWhy people start smoking:

- Peer pressures

- Family pressures

- Glamorous images

- Advertisements

Addiction Nicotine- habit forming drug found only in tobacco

The body builds up tolerance, a resistance, to the drug

Stages of Addiction:

Pleasure Smoker- social smoker; user likes the taste, the lift, the relaxation

Negative Effect Smoker- uses to relieve stress becomes psychologically dependent

Habitual Smoker- addiction (person’s body has become dependant on a chemical to function normally) also known as physical dependence

Heavy Smoker- chain smokes and may experience withdrawal (discomfort and sickness people suffer when they stop taking a drug to which they are addicted to)

Long Term RisksHeart Disease

Lung Cancer

Oral Cancer

Chronic Lung Disease

Others- asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, sinusitis, peptic ulcers

Alcohol

What is Alcohol?Ethanol is a kind of alcohol found in alcoholic

drinks, safe in small doses otherwise poisonous.

Ethanol in beverages is produced by fermentation (the process by which yeast changes sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol).

Distillation- wines and beers are evaporated to gases and then cooled back down to liquids after allowing some of the water vapor to escape. The resulting liquor has a greater percentage of alcohol.

What is Alcohol? Cont.Alcohol is a depressant (slows down

important nerve activity)

Inhibitions- are checks on emotion when weakened no self-control

Reflexes- automatic muscle responses to pain or danger

IntoxicationIntoxication - set of bad effects that alcohol

has on the body and mind

Toxic- poisonous

Measuring intoxicationBlood Alcohol Content (BAC)- measures the

number of milligrams of ethanol in each milliliter of blood.

Expressed as a percentage of total blood content.

The higher the BAC, the greater the alcohol’s effect on the body and mind

BAC 0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Over

0.5

Effects Dulls intelligence, sensory perceptions and motor

skills; lowers inhibitions

Inhibits clear thinking, memory, balance; slows movements

Impairs function of all sense organs; slurs speech; inhibits judgment of distances

Reduces mental functions; inhibits control of body movements; uncontrolled vomiting and urination; may cause unconsciousness

unconsciousness; little to no reflexes; reduces blood pressure, breathing, and heartbeat; inactivates brain function

Usually causes death

Types of drinkers: Social Drinkers - socially, who can stop at any time

Problem Drinkers - heavy, regular drinkers who are psychologically dependent

Alcoholics - psychologically and physically dependent

Alcoholics go through withdrawal when without the substance.

Delirium Tremens (D.T.’s) - described as the uncontrollable trembling that alcoholics suffer during withdrawal – life threatening reaction of the central nervous system

Hallucinations - seeing, smelling, or feeling things that are not real

Damages to the body: shrinkage of brain

oral cancer

widened blood vessels

damages the muscles of the heart

liver cannot process nutrients from the blood

various stomach disorders, including gastritis and ulcers

women who drink during pregnancy increase the risk of damaging their unborn child

Recovery from alcoholism: physical damage should be treated before the behavior

patterns causing the problem can be changed

Detoxification - the removal of all alcohol from the body

Psychotherapy - treatment of mental, emotional, and nervous disorders (help to understand their behavior patterns and change them)

Aversion therapy - treatment that changes behavior by connecting it with unpleasant feelings

Supportive organizations - friendship and group help very effective

Just Say No!

Works CitedGetchell, Bud, and Jill W. Houghton Mifflin

Health. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. 342-83. Print.

Meeks, Linda. Merrill health: focus on you. Merrill Pub Co, 1990. 198-221. Print.

Richmond, B. Julius, Elenore T. Pounds, Charles B. Corbin, Scott, and Foresman. Health for life. 1992. 440-59. Print.

Images Cited no smoking sign seen on slide 1 found at:

http://www.clker.com/clipart-2767.html

no drinking sign seen on slide 1 found at:

http://www.designofsignage.com/application/symbol/building/largesymbols/no-alcohol.html

picture of cigarettes seen on slide 2 found at:

http://www.which.co.uk/consumer-rights/rip-offs-and-scams/spotting-fake-goods/counterfeit-cigarettes-and-alcohol/

picture of cigarette ingredients on slide 6 found:?

http://zero-nicotine.com/

picture of alcohol seen on slide 7 found at:

http://www.planningelegance.com/dilemma-of-the-open-bar/

picture of drinker seen on slide 9 found at:

http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/PEBB/news/Wellness/Alcohol.shtml