education The a, -)r - ERIC · Brown University A. Alfred Taubman Center for Public Policy and...
72
ED 408 070 TITLE INSTITUTION SPONS AGENCY PUB DATE NOTE AVAILABLE FROM PUB TYPE EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS IDENTIFIERS ABSTRACT DOCUMENT RESUME PS 025 472 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook, 1995. Rhode Island KIDS COUNT, Providence. Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD. 95 141p.; For 199,6 Factbook, see PS 025 473. Rhode Island KIDS COUNT, c/o Rhode Island Foundation, 70 Elm Street, Providence, RI 02903; phone: 401-274-4564; fax: 401-331-8085 ($15). Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) Reports Descriptive (141) MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. Adolescents; Birth Weight; Births to Single Women; Child Abuse; *Child Health; Child Neglect; *Children; Demography; Dropout Rate; Early Parenthood; Economic Status; Infants; Lead Poisoning; Lunch Programs; Mortality Rate; One Parent Family; Prenatal Care; Preschool Education; *Social Indicators; *State Surveys; Statistical Surveys; Tables (Data); Violence; Welfare Recipients; *Well Being; Youth Problems *Indicators; Project Head Start; Rent; *Rhode Island; Women Infants Children Supplemental Food Program This KIDS COUNT report examines statewide trends in the well-being of Rhode Island's children. Five chapters address the areas of family and community, economic well-being, child health, safety, and education The -4e on a, -)r s (1) children in single parent families; (2) median household income; (3) children in poverty; (4) children receiving public assistance; (5) rent burden; (6) women with delayed prenatal care; (7) low birthweight infants; (8) infant mortality; (9) births to unmarried teens; (10) women and children receiving WIC; (11) children receiving school lunch; (12) children with lead poisoning; (13) additional children's health issues; (14) child deaths; (15) teen deaths; (16) juveniles referred to family court; (17) child abuse and neglect; (18) children enrolled in Head Start; (19) high school graduation rate; and (20) teens not in school and not in the labor force. The information on each indicator is organized as follows: definitions, significance, sidebars, and city/town tables.. Five core cities in which more than 15 percent of child residents live in poverty are highlighted for each indicator. Findings indicate that the number of children in poverty has grown since 1990, and that one in five children under 18 receives public assistance. (SD) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************************************************
Transcript of education The a, -)r - ERIC · Brown University A. Alfred Taubman Center for Public Policy and...
ED 408 070
TITLEINSTITUTIONSPONS AGENCYPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
PUB TYPE
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
DOCUMENT RESUME
PS 025 472
Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook, 1995.Rhode Island KIDS COUNT, Providence.Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.95
141p.; For 199,6 Factbook, see PS 025 473.Rhode Island KIDS COUNT, c/o Rhode Island Foundation, 70 ElmStreet, Providence, RI 02903; phone: 401-274-4564; fax:401-331-8085 ($15).Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) Reports Descriptive
(141)
MF01/PC06 Plus Postage.Adolescents; Birth Weight; Births to Single Women; ChildAbuse; *Child Health; Child Neglect; *Children; Demography;Dropout Rate; Early Parenthood; Economic Status; Infants;Lead Poisoning; Lunch Programs; Mortality Rate; One ParentFamily; Prenatal Care; Preschool Education; *SocialIndicators; *State Surveys; Statistical Surveys; Tables(Data); Violence; Welfare Recipients; *Well Being; YouthProblems*Indicators; Project Head Start; Rent; *Rhode Island; WomenInfants Children Supplemental Food Program
This KIDS COUNT report examines statewide trends in thewell-being of Rhode Island's children. Five chapters address the areas offamily and community, economic well-being, child health, safety, andeducation The -4e on a, -)r s(1) children in single parent families; (2) median household income; (3)
children in poverty; (4) children receiving public assistance; (5) rent
burden; (6) women with delayed prenatal care; (7) low birthweight infants;
(8) infant mortality; (9) births to unmarried teens; (10) women and children
receiving WIC; (11) children receiving school lunch; (12) children with lead
poisoning; (13) additional children's health issues; (14) child deaths; (15)
teen deaths; (16) juveniles referred to family court; (17) child abuse and
neglect; (18) children enrolled in Head Start; (19) high school graduationrate; and (20) teens not in school and not in the labor force. Theinformation on each indicator is organized as follows: definitions,significance, sidebars, and city/town tables.. Five core cities in which morethan 15 percent of child residents live in poverty are highlighted for eachindicator. Findings indicate that the number of children in poverty has grownsince 1990, and that one in five children under 18 receives publicassistance. (SD)
********************************************************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *
* from the original document. *
********************************************************************************
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
Of E
R7G
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duca
tiona
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his
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bee
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uced
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it.M
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1
1995
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
DK
IDS
CO
UN
T F
AC
TB
OO
K
BE
ST
CO
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AV
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AB
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KID
S C
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is a
nat
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sta
te-b
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ate
effo
rt to
trac
k th
e st
atus
of
child
ren
in th
e U
nite
d
Stat
es. F
ifty
sta
te le
vel K
IDS
CO
UN
T p
roje
cts
prov
ide
a de
taile
d co
mm
unity
-by-
com
mun
itypi
ctur
e of
the
cond
ition
of
child
ren.
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T is
spo
nsor
ed b
yth
e A
nnie
E. C
asey
Fou
ndat
ion,
with
add
ition
al
supp
ort p
rovi
ded
by T
he R
hode
Isl
and
Foun
datio
n.
Add
ition
al c
opie
s of
the
1995
Rho
de I
slan
dK
IDS
CO
UN
T F
actb
oak
are
avai
labl
efo
r $1
5.00
fro
m:
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
Tdo
The
Rho
de A
land
Fou
ndat
ion
70 E
lm S
tree
t
Prov
iden
ce, R
I 02
903
Phon
e: (
401)
274
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4Fa
x: (
401)
331
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5
Any
por
tion
of th
is r
epor
t may
be
repr
oduc
ed
with
out p
rior
per
mis
sion
, pro
vide
d th
eso
urce
isci
ted
as:
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T F
actb
ook,
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T; P
rovi
denc
e, R
.I.
© 1
995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T
Rho
de I
skin
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IDS
CO
UN
T
P&.1
2UR
SIM
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The
Rho
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Fou
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Ron
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V. G
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side
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Joh
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Schw
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, Dir
ecto
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Com
mun
icat
ions
Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ityA
. Alf
red
Tau
bman
Cen
ter
for
Publ
ic P
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yan
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mer
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titut
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mas
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. Com
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esea
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trat
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olle
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of
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Nan
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Mas
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gg
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abet
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urke
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6
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OF
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EN
TS
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ER
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MIL
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ND
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MM
UN
ITY
Chi
ld P
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9C
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in S
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Fam
ilies
10-1
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IC W
ELL
-BE
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ian
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seho
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-15
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HW
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with
Del
ayed
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nata
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-29
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ants
30-3
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fant
Mor
talit
y32
-33
Bir
ths
to U
nmar
ried
Tee
ns34
-35
Wom
en a
nd C
hild
ren
Rec
eivi
ng W
IC36
-37
Chi
ldre
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ecei
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Sch
ool L
unch
38-3
9C
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ren
with
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d Po
ison
ing
40-4
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dditi
onal
Chi
ldre
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Hea
lth I
ssue
s42
-43
SA
FE
TY
Chi
ld D
eath
s46
-47
Tee
n D
eath
s48
-49
Juve
nile
s R
efer
red
to F
amily
Cou
rt50
-51
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
52-5
5
ED
UC
AT
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Chi
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nrol
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in H
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-59
Hig
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Rat
e60
-61
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Sch
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ot in
the
Lab
or F
orce
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3
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TH
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66
AC
KN
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ME
NT
S67
-70
1995
Rho
de I
slan
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ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
7
To
sit a
nel %
ream
.
T#
sit 4
n4 r
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ht th
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Rho
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IDS
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UN
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a ch
ildre
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polic
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d in
form
atio
n
proj
ect s
pons
ored
by
the
Ann
ie E
.
Cas
ey F
ound
atio
n, th
e na
tion'
s
larg
est f
ound
atio
n de
dica
ted
excl
usiv
ely
to d
isad
vant
aged
child
ren.
KID
SCOUNT
is a
natio
nal a
nd s
tate
-by-
stat
e ef
fort
totr
ack
the
stat
us o
f ch
ildre
n in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es. B
y pr
ovid
ing
polic
y
mak
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and
citiz
ens
with
ben
ch-
mar
ks o
f ch
ild w
ell-
bein
g, K
IDS
COUNT
seek
s to
enr
ich
loca
l, st
ate,
and
natio
nal d
iscu
ssio
ns c
once
rnin
gw
ays
to s
ecur
e be
tter
futu
res
for
all
child
ren.
The
199
5 R
hode
Isl
and
KID
S
COUNT
Fact
book
is th
e fi
rst a
nnua
l
prof
ile o
f th
e w
ell-
bein
g of
chi
ldre
n
in R
hode
Isl
and.
The
199
5
Fact
book
pro
vide
s a
stat
istic
al
port
rait
of th
e st
atus
of
child
ren
byex
amin
ing
the
best
ava
ilabl
e da
ta o
n
the
stat
e an
d its
39
citie
s an
d to
wns
.T
he 1
995
Fact
book
als
o pr
esen
ts
data
on
five
cor
e ci
ties:
Pro
vide
nce,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt,
and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls, t
he c
omm
uniti
es
in th
is s
tate
in w
hich
mor
e th
an15
% o
f th
e ch
ildre
n liv
e in
pov
erty
.
10
The
199
5 Fa
ctbo
ok e
xam
ines
twen
ty in
dica
tors
in f
ive
cate
gori
es:
Fam
ily a
nd C
omm
unity
, Eco
nom
ic
Wel
l-B
eing
, Hea
lth, S
afet
y, a
nd
Edu
catio
n. S
tate
wid
e, c
ity/to
wn,
and
core
city
dat
a ar
e pr
esen
ted
for
each
indi
cato
r. T
he in
form
atio
n on
each
indi
cato
r is
org
aniz
ed a
s
follo
ws:
O D
efin
ition
: A d
escr
iptio
n of
the
indi
cato
r an
d w
hat i
t mea
sure
s.
0 Si
gnif
ican
ce: T
he r
elat
ions
hip
of th
e in
dica
tor
to c
hild
and
fam
ilyw
ell-
bein
g.
0 Si
deba
rs: I
nfor
mat
ion
rela
ted
to th
e in
dica
tor.
0 C
ity/T
own
Tab
les:
Dat
a fo
r ea
chin
dica
tor
pres
ente
d fo
r ea
ch o
fR
hode
Isl
and'
s ci
ties
and
tow
ns, t
hest
ate
as a
who
le, a
nd th
e co
re c
ities
.
Whi
le th
e 19
95 F
actb
ook
is
divi
ded
into
sec
tions
invo
lvin
g
maj
or a
spec
ts o
f ch
ild w
ell-
bein
g
econ
omic
wel
l-be
ing,
hea
lth, s
afet
y
and
educ
atio
n, it
is im
port
ant t
ore
cogn
ize
for
polic
y pl
anni
ng
purp
oses
that
all
of th
ese
area
s ar
e
inte
rrel
ated
and
cri
tical
at e
ach
stag
e
of a
chi
ld's
dev
elop
men
t. T
he 1
995
Fact
book
's f
ocus
is o
n th
e w
hole
child
as
a de
velo
ping
indi
vidu
al
with
in th
e co
ntex
t of
fam
ily a
nd
com
mun
ity.
OV
ER
VIE
W
The
pur
pose
of
the
1995
Rho
deIs
land
KID
SCOUNT
Fact
book
is
to p
rese
nt th
e fa
cts
abou
t the
soc
ial
cond
ition
of
child
ren
in a
tim
ely,
acce
ssib
le, a
nd c
redi
ble
man
ner.
It is
the
hope
of
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
COUNT
that
the
Fact
book
will
empo
wer
com
mun
ity le
ader
s, p
olic
y
mak
ers,
adv
ocat
es, a
nd c
itize
ns to
wor
k to
war
d ch
ange
s w
hich
will
impr
ove
the
qual
ity o
f lif
e fo
r al
lof
Rho
de I
slan
d's
child
ren.
CO
MM
UN
ITY
BY
CO
MM
UN
ITY
PR
OF
ILE
S
The
Fac
tboo
k pr
ovid
es c
omm
unity
-lev
el in
form
atio
n fo
r ea
chin
dica
tor
in o
rder
to e
mph
asiz
e th
e si
gnif
ican
ce o
f th
e su
rrou
ndin
gph
ysic
al, s
ocia
l, an
d ec
onom
ic e
nvir
onm
ent i
n sh
apin
g ou
tcom
esfo
r ch
ildre
n. T
he f
ive
core
citi
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et,
Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
, and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls a
re h
ighl
ight
ed f
or e
ach
indi
cato
r; th
ey a
re th
e on
ly c
omm
uniti
es in
the
stat
e in
whi
ch m
ore
than
15%
of
the
child
ren
live
in p
over
ty. T
he y
oung
peo
ple
mos
t at
risk
of
not a
chie
ving
thei
r fu
ll po
tent
ial a
re y
oung
peo
ple
inpo
vert
y. P
over
ty is
link
ed to
eve
ry K
IDS
CO
UN
T in
dica
tor.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
5
U.
619
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k
__,4
1416
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ere
the
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inal
s
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tere
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t Mer
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PU
LAT
ION
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ld p
opul
atio
n is
the
perc
enta
ge
of th
e to
tal p
opul
atio
n th
at is
und
erth
e ag
e of
18.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Rho
de Is
land
's p
opul
atio
n is
dive
rse
in te
rms
of r
ace,
eth
nici
ty,
lang
uage
and
cou
ntry
of
orig
in.
The
div
ersi
ty is
mos
t pro
noun
ced
amon
g R
hode
Isl
and'
s ch
ildre
n.
The
pro
port
ion
of n
on-w
hite
resi
dent
s is
nea
rly
twic
e as
gre
at f
or
thos
e un
der
age
18 a
s fo
r th
e ad
ult
popu
latio
n. O
ver
25,0
00 R
hode
Isla
nd c
hild
ren
ages
5 to
17
spea
k
a la
ngua
ge o
ther
than
Eng
lish
at
hom
e.
Alth
ough
ther
e w
ere
alm
ost
17,0
00 f
ewer
chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in
Rho
de I
slan
d in
199
0 th
an in
198
0,th
e nu
mbe
r of
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an,
His
pani
c an
d A
sian
chi
ldre
n
incr
ease
d w
hile
the
num
ber
of W
hite
chi
ldre
n de
crea
sed.
Whi
le th
e to
tal p
opul
atio
nof
chi
ldre
n de
crea
sed
from
198
0
to 1
990,
the
num
ber
of y
oung
child
ren
unde
r ag
e fi
ve in
crea
sed
by 2
0%. D
urin
g th
is s
ame
peri
od,
the
num
ber
of A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
child
ren
unde
r ag
e fi
ve in
crea
sed
by n
earl
y 50
%, t
he n
umbe
r of
His
pani
c ch
ildre
n in
crea
sed
near
ly
thre
e-fo
ld a
nd th
e nu
mbe
r of
Asi
an c
hild
ren
near
ly d
oubl
ed.
819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /F
AM
ILY
AN
D C
OM
MU
NIT
Y
4.0%
0.6%
2.8% 5.8%
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D'S
CH
ILD
RE
NB
Y A
GE
5.2%
30.3
%33
.4%
31.1
%
Les
s th
an a
ge 1
Age
s 1
to 5
Age
s 6
to 1
1
Age
s 12
to 1
7
BY
RA
CE
*
86.8
%W
hite
5.8%
Bla
ck
2.8%
Asi
an
0.6%
Am
eric
an I
ndia
n
4.0%
Oth
er 86.8
%
* H
ispa
nic
child
ren
may
be
incl
uded
in a
ny r
ace
cate
gory
. 7.1
% o
f R
hode
Isl
and'
sch
ildre
n ar
e of
His
pani
c or
igin
.
BY
FA
MIL
Y S
TR
UC
TU
RE
72.1
%T
wo
Pare
nts
18.2
%M
othe
r O
nly
2.8%
Fath
er O
nly
5.1%
Oth
er R
elat
ive
1.8%
Oth
er
BY
RE
SID
EN
CE
32.2
%C
ore
Citi
es
67.8
%R
emai
nder
of
Stat
e
t'7
CH
ILD
PO
PU
LAT
ION
CIT
Y/T
OW
N
CH
ILD
PO
PU
LAT
ION
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
990
CH
ILD
RE
N U
ND
ER
AG
E 1
8C
HIL
DR
EN
UN
DE
R A
GE
18
TO
TA
L P
OP
ULA
TIO
N%
WH
ITE
%M
INO
RIT
Y
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Bar
ring
ton
15,8
493,
912
24.7
98.1
1.9
Bri
stol
21,6
254,
380
20.3
98.5
1.5
Bur
rillv
ille
16,2
304,
479
27.6
99.5
0.5
Cen
tral
Fal
ls17
,637
4,81
027
.368
.531
.5C
harl
esto
wn
6,47
81,
575
24.3
96.1
3.9
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s, 1
990
Cen
sus
ofPo
pula
tion.
Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt a
ndC
entr
al F
alls
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
Cov
entr
y31
,083
7,62
624
.598
.51.
5C
rans
ton
76,0
6014
,673
19.3
93.6
6.4
Cum
berl
and
29,0
386,
427
22.1
98.6
1.4
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
11,8
652,
913
24.6
97.4
2.6
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
50,3
8010
,657
21.2
89.8
10.2
All
data
are
fro
m th
e U
S B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
1990
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n, u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
note
d.
Rho
de I
slan
d's
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
es: A
Sta
tistic
alA
bstr
act,
(199
4), A
. Alf
red
Tau
bman
Cen
ter
for
Publ
ic P
olic
y an
d A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
ions
,B
row
n U
nive
rsity
; The
Pro
vide
nce
Plan
; The
Rho
de I
slan
d Fo
unda
tion;
Uni
ted
Way
of
Sout
heas
tern
New
Eng
land
: Pro
vide
nce,
RI
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
4 D
ata
Boo
k: S
tate
Pro
file
s of
Chi
ld W
ell-
Bei
ng, (
1994
), A
nnie
E. C
asey
Foun
datio
n: B
altim
ore,
MD
.
Exe
ter
5,46
11,
521
27.9
98.6
1.4
Fost
er4,
316
1,18
527
.598
02.
0G
loce
ster
9,22
72,
526
27.4
98.8
1.2
Hop
kint
on6,
873
1,83
926
.898
.61.
4
Jam
esto
wn
4,99
91,
123
22.5
98.9
1.1
John
ston
26,5
425,
332
20.1
97.7
2.3
Lin
coln
18,0
453,
890
21.6
97.4
2.6
Litt
le C
ompt
on3,
339
750
22.5
99.1
0.9
Mid
dlet
own
19,4
604,
676
24.0
90.6
9.4
Nar
raga
nset
t14
,985
2,86
919
.195
.94.
1
New
port
28,2
275,
756
20.4
82.9
17.1
New
Sho
reha
m83
616
319
.596
.93.
1
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n23
,786
6,07
625
.595
.74.
3N
orth
Pro
vide
nce
32,0
905,
655
17.6
95.9
4.1
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d10
,497
2,33
222
.298
.81.
2Pa
wtu
cket
72,6
4416
,719
23.0
83.8
16.2
Port
smou
th16
,857
4,17
524
.897
.12.
9Pr
ovid
ence
160,
728
37,9
7223
.653
.146
.9R
ichm
ond
5,35
11,
565
29.2
96.4
3.6
Scitu
ate
9,79
62,
426
24.8
99.0
1.0
Smith
fiel
d19
,163
3,89
820
.397
.82.
2
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n24
,631
4,77
019
.492
.67.
4T
iver
ton
14,3
123,
166
22.1
99.2
0.8
War
ren
11,3
852,
452
21.5
98.7
1.3
War
wic
k85
,427
18,3
2221
.497
.32.
7
Wes
terl
y21
,605
4,98
823
.197
.03.
0W
est G
reen
wic
h3,
492
915
26.2
98.4
1.6
Wes
t War
wic
k29
,268
6,56
022
.496
.63.
4W
oons
ocke
t
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
43,8
77
1,00
3,46
4
323,
113
680,
351
10,6
17
225,
690
75,8
74
149,
816
24.2
22.5
23.5
22.0
88.4
86.8
68.0
96.3
11.6
12.2
32.0
3.7
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
919
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
SIN
GLE
PA
RE
NT
FA
MIL
IES
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ldre
n in
sin
gle
pare
nt f
amili
es
is th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
child
ren
unde
r
age
18 w
ho li
ve in
fam
ilies
hea
ded
by a
per
son
mal
e or
fem
ale
with
out a
spo
use
pres
ent i
n th
eho
me.
The
se n
umbe
rs in
clud
e "o
wn
child
ren"
def
ined
as
neve
r-m
arri
ed
child
ren
unde
r 18
who
are
rel
ated
toth
e fa
mily
hea
d by
bir
th, m
arri
age,
or a
dopt
ion.
20
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Alth
ough
mos
t chi
ldre
n liv
e
with
two
pare
nts,
one
in f
ive
Rho
deIs
land
chi
ldre
n liv
ed in
a s
ingl
e
pare
nt f
amily
in 1
990.
Tw
enty
-eig
ht
perc
ent o
f al
l Rho
de I
slan
d bi
rths
in19
91 w
ere
to u
nmar
ried
wom
en.
Thi
s in
crea
ses
to 4
6% in
the
core
citie
s of
Pro
vide
nce,
Paw
tuck
et,
Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
and
Cen
tral
Falls
. The
incr
ease
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
ove
r th
e pa
st th
ree
deca
des
has
occu
rred
acr
oss
all r
aces
and
inco
me
leve
ls.
Sing
le p
aren
ts w
ith li
mite
d
educ
atio
n ar
e at
incr
ease
d ri
sk o
f
soci
al a
nd e
cono
mic
pro
blem
s.
Whe
n th
e si
ngle
par
ent i
s a
wom
an,
the
risk
of
falli
ng in
to p
over
ty is
grea
ter
due
part
ly to
the
wag
e ga
p
betw
een
wom
en a
nd m
en, a
ndin
adeq
uate
chi
ld s
uppo
rt.
1019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /
FA
MIL
Y A
ND
CO
MM
UN
ITY
SIN
GLE
PA
RE
NT
FA
MIL
IES
IN R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
22.6
19.8
55.5
48.0
Not
e: P
erce
ntag
es a
re c
alcu
late
d w
ithin
eac
h ra
ce o
r et
hnic
gro
up
0 In
Rho
de I
slan
d in
199
0, f
our
out o
f te
n fe
mal
e-he
aded
fam
ilies
with
chi
ldre
n w
ere
livin
g be
low
the
pove
rty
line.
0 M
ost p
over
ty, i
nclu
ding
that
of
fem
ale-
head
ed f
amili
es, o
ccur
sbe
caus
e of
fac
tors
rel
ated
to e
mpl
oym
ent,
wag
es a
nd th
e av
aila
bilit
yof
jobs
, edu
catio
n an
d tr
aini
ng f
or p
rodu
ctiv
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
in th
ela
bor
forc
e.
0 25
.8%
of
Rho
de I
slan
d's
fem
ale-
head
ed f
amili
es r
ecei
ved
child
supp
ort o
r al
imon
y in
199
2.
21
r
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
SIN
GLE
PA
RE
NT
FA
MIL
IES
CH
ILD
RE
N'S
LIV
ING
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
TS
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
990
NU
MB
ER
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N U
ND
ER
18
YE
AR
S
CIT
Y/T
OW
NT
OT
AL
FA
MIL
Y H
OU
SE
HO
LDS
WIT
H C
HIL
DR
EN
UN
DE
R 1
8T
WO
-PA
RE
NT
FA
MIL
YS
ING
LE-P
AR
EN
T F
AM
ILY
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Bar
ring
ton
2,03
53,
514
94.4
207
5.6
Bri
stol
2,30
03,
660
88.9
457
11.1
Bur
rillv
ille
2,31
43,
824
87.2
560
12.8
Cen
tral
Fal
ls2,
373
2,85
961
.71,
778
38.3
Cha
rles
tow
n83
31,
244
83.0
254
17.0
Cov
entr
y3,
979
6,29
087
.292
012
.8C
rans
ton
7,91
111
,360
81.2
2,62
218
.8U
.S. B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
199
0 C
ensu
s of
Popu
latio
n. C
ore
citie
s ar
e Pr
ovid
ence
,Pa
wtu
cket
, Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
Cum
berl
and
3,49
15,
551
90.2
604
9.8
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
1,60
92,
521
88.3
335
11.7
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
5,76
67,
950
81.7
1,77
618
.3E
xete
r76
81,
278
90.6
132
9.4
Fost
er59
198
888
.213
211
.8A
ll da
ta a
re f
rom
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s,19
90 C
ensu
s of
Pop
ulat
ion
and
Rho
de I
slan
dD
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
Hea
lth, M
ater
nal a
nd C
hild
Hea
lth D
ata
Bas
e,19
91.
Rho
de I
slan
d's
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
es: A
Sta
tistic
alA
bstr
act,
(199
4), A
. Alf
red
Tau
bman
Cen
ter
for
Publ
ic P
olic
y an
d A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
ions
,B
row
n U
nive
rsity
; The
Pro
vide
nce
Plan
; The
Rho
de I
slan
d Fo
unda
tion;
Uni
ted
Way
of
Sout
heas
tern
New
Eng
land
: Pro
vide
nce,
RI.
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
4 D
ata
Boo
k: S
tate
Pro
file
s of
Chi
ld W
ell-
Bei
ng, (
1994
), A
nnie
E. C
asey
Foun
datio
n: B
altim
ore,
MD
.
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
5 D
ata
Boo
k: S
tate
Pro
file
s of
Chi
ld W
ell-
Bei
ng, (
1994
), A
nnie
E. C
asey
Foun
datio
n: B
altim
ore,
MD
.
Stat
emen
t on
Key
Wel
fare
Ref
orm
Iss
ues:
The
Em
piri
cal E
vide
nce,
(19
95),
Tuf
ts U
nive
rsity
Cen
ter
on H
unge
r, P
over
ty a
nd N
utri
tion
Polic
y: M
edfo
rd, M
A.
Am
eric
a's
Chi
ldre
n A
t Ris
k: A
Nat
iona
l Age
nda
For
Leg
al A
ctio
n, (
1993
), A
mer
ican
Bar
Ass
ocia
tion:
Chi
cago
, IL
.
Mat
erna
l and
Chi
ld H
ealth
Dat
a B
ook
for
the
Stat
eof
Rho
de I
slan
d 19
87-1
991,
(19
95),
Rho
deIs
land
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
: Pro
vide
nce,
R.I
.
Star
ting
Poin
ts: M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
tC
hild
ren,
(19
94),
Car
negi
e C
orpo
ratio
n:N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
.
Glo
cest
er1,
320
2,03
688
.626
111
.4
Hop
kint
on93
01,
557
90.2
170
9.8
Jam
esto
wn
623
907
83.4
181
16.6
John
ston
2,85
14,
229
81.7
945
18.3
Lin
coln
2,18
13,
210
86.1
518
13.9
Litt
le C
ompt
on42
061
289
.770
10.3
Mid
dlet
own
2,42
93,
774
85.1
659
14.9
Nar
raga
nset
t.
1,55
12,
227
85.2
387
14.8
New
port
3,08
63,
569
65.0
1,92
035
.0N
ew S
hore
ham
9714
988
.719
11.3
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n3,
299
4,94
385
.186
414
.9N
orth
Pro
vide
nce
3,11
54,
563
86.6
706
13.4
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d1,
284
1,93
591
.118
88.
9Pa
wtu
cket
8,95
711
,266
73.9
3,97
626
.1Po
rtsm
outh
2,42
93,
749
91.7
339
8.3
Prov
iden
ce17
,948
19,2
9256
.215
,054
43.8
Ric
hmon
d79
11,
344
94.9
725.
1
Scitu
ate
1,27
52,
079
90.1
228
9.9
Smith
fiel
d2,
095
3,32
491
.033
09.
0
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n2,
603
3,68
181
.881
918
.2T
iver
ton
1,72
72,
477
84.0
472
16.0
War
ren
1,35
61,
880
83.8
364
16.2
War
wic
k9,
505
14,4
7783
.62,
835
16.4
Wes
terl
y2,
746
4,07
185
.768
014
.3W
est G
reen
wic
h46
471
586
.011
614
.0
Wes
t War
wic
k3,
529
4,71
177
.31,
386
22.7
Woo
nsoc
ket
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
5,65
0
118,
231
38,0
14
80,2
17
6,85
0
164,
666
43,8
36
120,
830
68.6
78.0
62.8
85.4
3,14
0
.K47
625
,868
20,6
08
31.4
22.0
3Z I
14.6
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
11
24
1219
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k
Aib
aFa
ulty
e41,
ttyis
see
n
y n
the
sune
ig4t
,
Tite
tree
s, th
e 6i
rAs,
Cor
n gr
oi-p
ing
anon
peo
ide
t/vor
king
Or
kiw
i)/ l
ar th
eir
harv
est.
,Fep
utty
is A
zotr
at
,Jn
the
nigh
t,
Win
% s
ighi
ng, m
in p
eein
g,C
r 4
sing
er c
hant
ing
Any
thin
g in
ear
nest
.
Febv
tty is
in p
urse
*
9000
t ofe
eols
, hap
py M
ong4
ts
TA
At r
epea
t the
thse
eves
lnyo
uroi
reat
u s.
Jnyo
urtif
rork
.
,Ano
i eve
n in
you
r re
st.
£ -
ye4
- sh
ire'
A
!AA
,, I I
N .
. . .
EC
ON
OM
IC W
ELL
-BE
ING
ME
DIA
N H
OU
SE
HO
LD IN
CO
ME
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Med
ian
hous
ehol
d in
com
e is
the
med
ian
annu
al in
com
e fo
r R
hode
Isla
nd h
ouse
hold
s.T
he m
edia
n in
com
eis
the
dolla
r am
ount
whi
ch d
ivid
es th
ein
com
e di
stri
butio
n in
to tw
o eq
ual
grou
psha
lf w
ith in
com
e ab
ove
the
med
ian
and
half
with
inco
me
belo
wth
e m
edia
n. SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
The
med
ian
hous
ehol
d in
com
epr
ovid
es o
ne m
easu
re o
f th
e ab
ility
of
Rho
de I
slan
d's
fam
ilies
to m
eet t
he
cost
s of
foo
d, c
loth
ing,
hou
sing
, hea
lth
care
, tra
nspo
rtat
ion,
chi
ld c
are
and
high
er e
duca
tion.
Mor
e th
an o
ne in
thre
e R
hode
Isl
and
hous
ehol
ds h
ave
a
hous
ehol
d in
com
e le
ss th
an $
25,0
00.
Ann
ual e
arni
ngs,
esp
ecia
lly f
or
youn
g fa
mili
es (
thos
e he
aded
by
pers
ons
youn
ger
than
age
30)
and
fem
ale-
head
ed f
amili
es, a
re o
ften
insu
ffic
ient
to li
ft c
hild
ren
out o
f
pove
rty.
A p
erso
n w
orki
ng 4
0 ho
urs
per
wee
k at
the
Rho
de I
slan
d
min
imum
wag
e of
$4.
45 p
er h
our
will
ear
n $9
,256
ann
ually
, abo
ut
two-
thir
ds o
f th
e 19
95 p
over
ty le
vel
inco
me
of $
15,1
50 f
or a
fam
ily o
f fo
ur.
ME
DIA
NH
OU
SE
HO
LDIN
CO
ME
LE
VE
LS,
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D
22.7
196
15.
81
5.5
16.
7
5.6
AA
A
Ad
AA
A,0
AAA
414
AA
AA
cos'
,,t`'
0' 0
1-ss
h,1
;1/2
;%o
et'
0o'
o'0
oh1
/2o
00
00o
47,
+;"
$s,
As
14,o
Ann
ual M
edia
n H
ouse
hold
Inc
ome
Ran
ge in
198
9
60,0
00
50,0
00
40,0
00
30,0
00
20,0
00
10,0
00
0
AV
ER
AG
E H
OU
SE
HO
LDIN
CO
ME
FO
R F
AM
ILIE
SW
ITH
CH
ILD
RE
N,
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D ss
4,9
'''5
'`-1
C3"
LO:g
s``'
01,÷
433
e NI.
,3,4
4,.
4"0
44.7
4.44
,3,4
4,
2.0
28
Hal
f of
all
Rho
de I
slan
d ho
useh
olds
earn
ed m
ore
than
$32
,181
and
half
earn
ed le
ssac
cord
ing
to th
e 19
90U
.S. C
ensu
s.
1419
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /
EC
ON
OM
IC W
ELL
-BE
ING
29
CH
ILD
SU
PP
OR
T A
FF
EC
TS
FA
MIL
Y IN
CO
ME
The
fai
lure
of
an a
bsen
t par
ent t
o pa
y ch
ild s
uppo
rt h
as s
igni
fica
ntec
onom
ic c
onse
quen
ces
for
a pa
rent
rai
sing
a c
hild
or
child
ren
alon
e.
0 98
,963
Rho
de I
slan
d ch
ildre
n ar
e cu
rren
tly in
the
stat
e's
Chi
ld S
uppo
rtE
nfor
cem
ent S
yste
m.
0 C
ourt
ord
ers
for
child
sup
port
req
uire
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
pate
rnity
.27
,000
Rho
de I
slan
d ch
ildre
n ha
ve n
ot y
et h
ad p
ater
nity
est
ablis
hed
and
ther
efor
e re
ceiv
e no
chi
ld s
uppo
rt.
0 D
urin
g th
e 12
mon
ths
of 1
995,
Rho
de I
slan
d C
hild
Sup
port
Enf
orce
men
t Ser
vice
s pr
ojec
ts th
at it
will
col
lect
app
roxi
mat
ely
$36
mill
ion
of th
e $6
6 m
illio
n ow
ed in
cur
rent
chi
ld s
uppo
rt p
aym
ents
due
by a
bsen
t par
ents
und
er c
ourt
ord
er.
0 A
s of
Dec
embe
r 31
, 199
4, th
e am
ount
pas
t due
on
cour
t-or
dere
d ch
ildsu
ppor
t tot
aled
$14
5 m
illio
n do
llars
. Thi
s fi
gure
doe
s no
t inc
lude
the
pote
ntia
l add
ition
al $
92 m
illio
n as
soci
ated
with
the
case
s fo
r w
hich
pate
rnity
has
not
yet
bee
n es
tabl
ishe
d.
Sour
ce: R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Man
agem
ent S
ervi
ces
Div
isio
n,
Chi
ld S
uppo
rt P
rogr
am.
30
ME
DIA
N H
OU
SE
HO
LD IN
CO
ME
ME
DIA
N H
OU
SE
HO
LD IN
CO
ME
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
990
CIT
Y/T
OW
NM
ED
IAN
INC
OM
EC
ITY
/TO
WN
ME
DIA
N IN
CO
ME
Bar
ring
ton
53,0
58W
este
rly
34,8
44
Bri
stol
34,1
65W
est G
reen
wic
h41
,250
Bur
rillv
ille
37,1
56W
est W
arw
ick
31,6
25
Cen
tral
Fal
ls18
,617
Woo
nsoc
ket
25,3
63
Cha
rles
tow
n36
,040
Rho
de I
slan
d32
,181
Cov
entr
y37
,230
Cor
e C
ities
N/A
Cra
nsto
n34
,528
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
N/A
Cum
berl
and
40,6
83
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
50,8
96S
OU
RC
E O
F D
AT
A F
OR
TA
BLE
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
31,0
07U
.S. B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
199
0 C
ensu
s of
Exe
ter
38,1
79Po
pula
tion,
198
9 do
llars
. Cor
e ci
ties
are
Fost
er40
,795
Prov
iden
ce, P
awtu
cket
, Woo
nsoc
ket,
Glo
cest
er40
,000
New
port
and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls.
Hop
kint
on36
,737
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
Jam
esto
wn
41,5
18A
ll da
ta a
re f
rom
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s,19
90 C
ensu
s of
Pop
ulat
ion,
unl
ess
othe
rwis
eJo
hnst
on32
,596
Lin
coln
37,0
82no
ted.
Litt
le C
ompt
on41
,187
Van
ishi
ng D
ream
s: T
he E
cono
mic
. Plig
ht o
fM
iddl
etow
n35
,228
Am
eric
a's
You
ng F
amili
es, (
1992
), C
hild
ren'
sN
arra
gans
ett
35,5
45D
efen
se F
und:
Was
hing
ton
D.C
.
New
port
30,5
34
New
Sho
reha
m31
,471
rNor
th K
ings
tow
n40
,419
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e32
,321
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d41
,449
Paw
tuck
et26
,541
Port
smou
th42
,474
Prov
iden
ce22
,147
Ric
hmon
d40
,975
Scitu
ate
45,1
70
Smith
fiel
d42
,523
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n36
,481
Tiv
erto
n36
,170
War
ren
31,6
37
War
wic
k.
35,7
86.7
f-4
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids-
Cou
nt F
aclo
r15
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
is th
e
perc
enta
ge o
f re
late
d ch
ildre
n
unde
r ag
e 18
who
live
in f
amili
es
with
inco
mes
bel
ow th
e po
vert
y
thre
shol
d, a
s de
fine
d by
the
U.S
.
Off
ice
of M
anag
emen
t and
Bud
get.
"Rel
ated
chi
ldre
n" in
clud
e th
e
fam
ily h
ead'
s ch
ildre
n by
bir
th,
mar
riag
e, o
r ad
optio
n, a
s w
ell a
s
othe
r pe
rson
s un
der
age
18, s
uch
as
niec
es o
r ne
phew
s, w
ho a
re r
elat
ed
to th
e fa
mily
hea
d.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Chi
ldre
n w
ho g
row
up
inpo
or f
amili
es a
re m
ore
likel
y to
go w
ithou
t nec
essa
ry f
ood
and
clot
hing
, lac
k ba
sic
heal
th c
are,
live
in s
ubst
anda
rd h
ousi
ng a
nd h
ave
uneq
ual a
cces
s to
edu
catio
nal
oppo
rtun
ities
.
Poor
chi
ldre
n ar
e at
gre
ater
ris
k
of b
eing
bor
n w
ith lo
w b
irth
wei
ght,
dyin
g in
infa
ncy
or c
hild
hood
,
havi
ng h
ealth
pro
blem
s th
at a
ffec
t
scho
ol p
erfo
rman
ce, b
ecom
ing
a
teen
par
ent a
nd d
ropp
ing
out o
f
scho
ol.
The
you
ng p
eopl
e m
ost a
t ris
k of
not a
chie
ving
thei
r fu
ll po
tent
ial a
reyo
ung
peop
le in
pov
erty
, reg
ardl
ess
of r
ace.
Pov
erty
is li
nked
to e
very
KID
S C
OU
NT
indi
cato
r.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
1990
Cen
sus,
68%
of
the
30,8
42 c
hild
ren
inpo
vert
y in
Rho
de I
slan
d liv
ed in
the
core
citi
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et,
Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
and
Cen
tral
Falls
. Pro
vide
nce
has
the
24th
high
est c
hild
pov
erty
rat
e am
ong
the
natio
n's
200
larg
est c
ities
.
The
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
inpo
vert
y ha
s gr
own
sinc
e th
e 19
90
Cen
sus
as in
dica
ted
by th
e 39
,881
child
ren
enro
lled
in A
FDC
on
Dec
embe
r 31
, 199
4.
32
1619
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /E
CO
NO
MIC
WE
LL-B
EIN
G
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D'S
PO
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N
BY
AG
E
2.6%
41.9
%A
ges
5 an
d yo
unge
r
33.2
%A
ges
6 to
11
24.9
%A
ges
12 to
17
24.9
%
BY
RE
SID
EN
CE
67.9
% .C
1 C
ore
Citi
es32
.1%
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
BY
RA
CE
*
BY
FA
MIL
Y S
TR
UC
TU
RE
65.7
%
14.3
%
6.6%
1.4%
11.9
%
Whi
te
Bla
ck
111
Asi
an
Am
eric
an I
ndia
n
Oth
er
26.7
%
70.7
%
2.6%
Tw
o Pa
rent
s
Mot
her
Onl
yFa
ther
Onl
y
33
* H
ispa
nic
child
ren
may
be
incl
uded
in a
nyra
ce c
ateg
ory.
20.
6% o
f R
hode
Isl
and'
s po
orch
ildre
n ar
e of
His
pani
c or
igin
.
FE
DE
RA
L P
OV
ER
TY
LIN
E D
EF
INE
D
The
pov
erty
inco
me
guid
elin
es (
ofte
n re
ferr
ed to
as
the
"Fed
eral
Pove
rty
Lin
e")
wer
e fi
rst s
et in
196
4, u
sing
an
inde
x de
velo
ped
by th
eSo
cial
Sec
urity
Adm
inis
trat
ion.
At t
hat t
ime,
the
aver
age
Am
eric
anfa
mily
spe
nt a
ppro
xim
atel
y on
e-th
ird
of it
s ne
t inc
ome
on f
ood.
The
refo
re, t
he p
over
ty li
ne w
as e
stab
lishe
d at
thre
e tim
es th
e co
st o
f one
of th
e U
SDA
's m
ost e
cono
mic
al F
ood
Plan
s. T
he c
ost o
f th
is F
ood
Plan
is a
djus
ted
each
yea
r us
ing
the
curr
ent c
onsu
mer
pri
ce in
dex
in o
rder
toca
lcul
ate
the
offi
cial
pov
erty
inco
me
guid
elin
es. T
hese
gui
delin
esar
ead
just
ed f
or th
e si
ze o
f th
e fa
mily
uni
t and
use
d by
fed
eral
and
sta
teag
enci
es a
s gu
idel
ines
for
var
ious
pub
lic a
ssis
tanc
e pr
ogra
ms
and
as a
basi
s fo
r co
mpi
ling
data
on
pove
rty.
The
Fed
eral
Pov
erty
Lin
e fo
r a
fam
ily o
f fo
ur in
199
5 is
$15
,150
.
PO
OR
FA
MIL
IES
IN T
HE
LA
BO
R F
OR
CE
0 Fo
rty-
thre
e pe
rcen
t of
Rho
de I
slan
d's
poor
chi
ldre
n liv
e in
fam
ilies
inw
hich
one
or
both
par
ents
wor
k. F
acto
rs th
at le
ad to
pov
erty
am
ong
wor
king
fam
ilies
incl
ude
the
incr
ease
in s
ervi
ce a
nd r
etai
l job
s th
at p
aylo
wer
wag
es, t
he d
eclin
ing
valu
e of
the
min
imum
wag
e an
d th
e in
abili
tyto
fin
d fu
ll-tim
e, y
ear-
roun
d w
ork
0 In
the
1960
s an
d 70
s, th
e ea
rnin
gs o
f a
full-
time,
yea
r-ro
und
min
imum
wag
e w
orke
r lif
ted
a fa
mily
of
thre
e ab
ove
the
pove
rty
line.
Now
the
sam
e ef
fort
leav
es a
fam
ily o
f th
ree
20%
bel
ow th
e po
vert
y lin
e.
34
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
PE
RC
EN
T O
F C
HIL
DR
EN
LE
SS
TH
AN
AG
E 1
8B
ELO
W P
OV
ER
TY
, BY
RA
CE
RI
CO
RE
CIT
IES
RE
MA
IND
ER
OF
ST
AT
E
44.9
43.0
40.7 _
39.5
44.4
33.7
38-3
32.3
32.4
21.3
16.8
11.8
10.3
9.9
15.9
7:8
6.4
WH
ITE
BLA
CK
AM
ER
ICA
NIN
DIA
NA
SIA
NO
TH
ER
HIS
PA
NIC
NO
TE
: Per
cent
ages
are
cal
cula
ted
with
in e
ach
race
or
ethn
ic g
roup
.
Tw
o-th
irds
of
Rho
de I
slan
d's
poor
chi
ldre
n ar
e w
hite
, yet
non
-whi
te c
hild
ren
are
mor
e th
an th
ree
times
as
likel
y to
be
livin
g in
pov
erty
. Chi
ldre
n w
ho li
ve in
the
core
citi
es, r
egar
dles
s of
rac
e, a
re m
uch
mor
e lik
ely
to b
epo
or th
an c
hild
ren
who
live
in o
ther
par
ts o
f th
e st
ate.
(C
ore
citie
s ar
e Pr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t,N
ewpo
rt a
nd C
entr
al F
alls
.)
3519
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k17
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
YC
HIL
D P
OV
ER
TY
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
990
CIT
Y/T
OW
NF
AM
ILIE
S W
ITH
CH
ILD
RE
N B
ELO
W P
OV
ER
TY
CH
ILD
RE
N U
ND
ER
18
BE
LOW
PO
VE
RT
YC
HIL
DR
EN
UN
DE
R 6
BE
LOW
PO
VE
RT
Y
Bar
ring
ton
271.
352
1.3
332.
6
Bri
stol
108
4.5
253
5.9
128
8.3
Bur
rillv
ille
148
6.3
276
6.1
119
8.5
Cen
tral
Fal
ls71
028
.51,
576
32.5
749
38.0
Cha
rles
tow
n68
7.8
145
9.4
396.
4
Cov
entr
y19
94.
740
25.
318
07.
3
Cra
nsto
n73
58.
91,
378
9.5
562
10.9
Cum
berl
and
145
4.0
302
4.7
151
7.4
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
754.
615
35.
311
213
.0
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
499
8.0
904
8.7
355
9.9
Exe
ter
263.
352
3.6
51.
0
Fost
er34
5.5
887.
60
0.0
Glo
cest
er99
7.2
156
6.5
7710
.0
Hop
kint
on40
4.1
754.
19
1.4
Jam
esto
wn
598.
992
8.1
4511
.9
John
ston
266
9.0
452
8.4
187
10.6
Lin
coln
164
7.2
272
7.0
987.
2
Litt
le C
ompt
on12
2.6
202.
715
5.1
Mid
dlet
own
129
5.1
275
6.0
158
9.1
Nar
raga
nset
t71
4.4
122
4.5
363.
6
New
port
559
17.7
1,14
320
.357
527
.0
New
Sho
reha
m12
12.4
1710
.16
10.0
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n18
55.
428
14.
712
16.
1
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e18
25.
629
85.
478
4.3
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d23
1.7
371.
619
3.1
Paw
tuck
et1,
255
13.4
2,52
515
.51,
096
17.3
Port
smou
th95
3.8
182
4.4
705.
2
Prov
iden
ce5,
621
29.2
12,9
4634
.55,
531
36.8
Ric
hmon
d9
1.1
302.
00
0.0
Scitu
ate
453.
391
3.7
192.
3
Smith
fiel
d75
3.4
155
4.1
614.
9
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n13
44.
935
07.
513
38.
7
Tiv
erto
n10
96.
020
06.
481
7.9
War
ren
132
9.3
199
8.5
566.
2
War
wic
k51
95.
11,
084
5.9
448
7.2
Wes
terl
y21
07.
343
28.
722
412
.9
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
142.
926
2.9
114.
2
Wes
t War
wic
k39
510
.774
611
.829
113
.0
Woo
nsoc
ket
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
All
othe
r C
ities
1,18
3
14,3
71
9,32
8
5,04
3
20.0
11.6
23.2 .0
2,23
5
30,0
22
20,4
25
9,59
7
21.4
13.5
27.3 6.5
1,03
4
12,9
12
8,98
5
3,92
7
26.9
16.3
30.7 7.9
1819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /E
CO
NO
MIC
WE
LL-B
EIN
G
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s, 1
990
Cen
sus
ofPo
pula
tion.
Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt a
ndC
entr
al F
alls
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m th
e U
.S. B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
1990
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n, u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
note
d.
Star
ting
Poin
ts: M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
tC
hild
ren,
(19
94),
Car
negi
e C
orpo
ratio
n:N
ew Y
ork,
NY
Nut
ritio
n in
Pub
lic H
ealth
: A H
andb
ook
for
Dev
elop
ing
Prog
ram
s an
d Se
rvic
es, (
1990
),M
ildre
d K
aufm
an, e
d., A
spen
: Roc
kvill
e,M
D.
Van
ishi
ng D
ream
s: T
he E
cono
mic
Plig
ht o
fA
mer
ica'
s Y
oung
Fam
ilies
, (19
92),
Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n D
C.
1994
Ann
ual R
epor
t, (1
995)
, Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fund
: Was
hing
ton
D.C
.
Car
ing
Pres
crip
tions
: Com
preh
ensi
ve H
ealth
Car
eSt
rate
gies
for
You
ng C
hild
ren
in P
over
ty,
(199
3), N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
r C
hild
ren
inPo
vert
y, C
olum
bia
Uni
vers
ity: N
ew Y
ork,
NY
.
Neb
rask
a's
Fam
ilies
: Pov
erty
Des
pite
Wor
k, (
1994
),V
oice
s fo
r C
hild
ren
in N
ebra
ska:
Om
aha,
NE
..
37
PE
RC
EN
T O
F C
HIL
DR
EN
IN P
OV
ER
TY
LES
S T
HA
N 5
%
5-10
%
10-1
5%
15-3
0%0
I=1
MO
RE
TH
AN
30%
Sour
ce: U
.S. B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
199
0
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n.
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 199
0
HO
P
WO
ON
SO
CK
ET
BU
RR
ILLV
ILLE
GLO
CE
ST
ER
CU
MB
ER
LAN
DN
OR
TH
SM
ITH
FIE
LD
iSM
ITH
FIE
LDC
EN
TR
AL
FA
LLS
UC
KE
T
T P
RO
VID
EN
CE
FO
ST
ER
TO
N RE
N
CO
VE
NT
RY
TO
L
WE
ST
GR
EE
NW
ICH
ON
EX
ET
ER
INT
ON
FIA
GA
NS
ET
T
CH
AR
LES
TO
WE
ST
ER
LY
38
OR
T
HO
RE
HA
M
CO
MP
TO
N
39
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids.
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
19
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
PU
BLI
C A
SS
IST
AN
CE
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
ing
publ
ic a
ssis
tanc
e
is th
e pe
rcen
t of
all c
hild
ren
less
than
age
18
who
wer
e liv
ing
infa
mili
es e
nrol
led
in A
id to
Fam
ilies
with
Dep
ende
nt C
hild
ren
(AFD
C)
and/
or th
e Fo
od S
tam
p Pr
ogra
m o
nD
ecem
ber
31, 1
994.
The
se d
ata
mea
sure
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
part
icip
atin
g in
thes
e pr
ogra
ms
at
one
poin
t in
time.
The
y do
not
coun
t the
add
ition
al c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
who
qua
lifie
d fo
r th
ese
prog
ram
s at
oth
er p
oint
s du
ring
the
year
, but
wer
e no
t enr
olle
d on
Dec
embe
r 31
, 199
4.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Inco
me
supp
ort p
rogr
ams
such
as A
id to
Fam
ilies
with
Dep
ende
ntC
hild
ren
(AFD
C)
and
Food
Sta
mps
have
a s
igni
fica
nt im
pact
on
the
abili
ty o
f po
or f
amili
es to
pro
vide
food
, she
lter
and
clot
hing
for
thei
rch
ildre
n. A
lmos
t one
in f
ive
Rho
de
Isla
nd c
hild
ren
bene
fit f
rom
eith
er
AFD
C o
r Fo
od S
tam
ps.
Part
icip
atio
n in
bot
h A
FDC
and
Food
Sta
mps
has
incr
ease
d du
ring
the
rece
ssio
n of
the
late
198
0s a
nd
earl
y 19
90s.
The
se in
crea
ses
have
occu
rred
in th
e co
re c
ities
as
wel
l
as in
the
subu
rbs
and
rura
l are
as
of R
hode
Isl
and.
Whi
le th
e be
nefi
t lev
els
for
both
of th
ese
prog
ram
s co
mbi
ned
do n
ot
prev
ent a
fam
ily o
f th
ree
from
falli
ng b
elow
the
pove
rty
line,
they
prov
ide
a m
inim
al s
ubsi
sten
ce f
or
poor
fam
ilies
.
40
2019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /
EC
ON
OM
IC W
ELL
-BE
ING
TH
E T
RA
NS
ITIO
N F
RO
MW
ELF
AR
E T
O W
OR
K
0 W
omen
cyc
le o
n an
d of
f th
ew
elfa
re r
olls
, per
iodi
cally
taki
nglo
w-p
ayin
g jo
bs th
at f
requ
ently
leav
e th
em p
oor.
Nat
iona
lly, a
bout
40 p
erce
nt o
f w
elfa
re r
ecip
ient
s fi
tth
is c
ateg
ory.
<>
Bar
rier
s to
sus
tain
able
empl
oym
ent i
nclu
de lo
w w
ages
that
do
not p
rovi
de a
dequ
ate
reso
urce
s fo
r tr
ansp
orta
tion,
chi
ldca
re, a
nd f
amily
hea
lth in
sura
nce.
0 E
duca
tion,
job
trai
ning
prog
ram
s, a
nd jo
b pl
acem
ent
assi
stan
ce in
crea
se th
e po
ssib
ilitie
sfo
r ob
tain
ing
a go
od jo
b w
ith a
livea
ble
wag
e an
d th
e po
tent
ial f
orad
vanc
emen
t.
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
PU
BLI
C A
SS
IST
AN
CE
RI
CO
RE
CIT
IES
44.2
27.0
37.4
9?
UN
DE
R A
GE
6U
ND
ER
AG
E 1
8
One
in f
ive
Rho
de I
slan
d ch
ildre
n le
ss th
an
age
18 r
ecei
ve A
FDC
and
/or
Food
Sta
mp
bene
fits
. In
the
core
citi
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
,
Paw
tuck
et, C
entr
al F
alls
, Woo
nsoc
ket a
nd
New
port
, mor
e th
an o
ne in
thre
e ch
ildre
n le
ss
than
age
18
rece
ive
publ
ic a
ssis
tanc
e.
41
AID
TO
FA
MIL
IES
WIT
HD
EP
EN
DE
NT
CH
ILD
RE
N
AFD
C w
as d
esig
ned
to a
ssis
tch
ildre
n de
priv
ed o
f in
com
e su
ppor
tdu
e to
a c
ontin
uous
ly a
bsen
t mot
her
or f
athe
r, th
e in
capa
city
or
deat
h of
a pa
rent
, ina
dequ
acy
of f
amily
inco
me
or p
aren
tal u
nem
ploy
men
t.
0 In
Rho
de I
slan
d in
199
4, f
amili
esen
rolle
d in
AFD
C h
ad a
n av
erag
e of
two
child
ren.
0 A
s of
Feb
ruar
y 19
95, 7
0%of
fam
ilies
enr
olle
d ha
d be
enpa
rtic
ipat
ing
for
less
than
thre
eye
ars.
42
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
PU
BLI
C A
SS
IST
AN
CE
0 T
he a
vera
ge m
onth
ly A
FDC
bene
fit f
or a
Rho
de I
slan
d fa
mily
of th
ree
is $
554
per
mon
th. W
ithan
add
ition
al a
vera
ge o
f $2
68 p
erm
onth
in f
ood
stam
ps (
for
fam
ilies
with
out h
ousi
ng a
ssis
tanc
e), t
heav
erag
e m
onth
ly c
ombi
ned
bene
fit
is $
822
and
the
aver
age
year
lyco
mbi
ned
tota
l is
$9,8
70. T
his
amou
nt is
20%
bel
ow th
e fe
dera
lpo
vert
y lin
e.
0 O
nly
26%
of
Rho
de I
slan
dA
FDC
fam
ilies
rec
eive
hou
sing
assi
stan
ce.
TH
E F
OO
D S
TA
MP
PR
OG
RA
M
The
fede
ral F
ood
Sta
mp
prog
ram
prov
ides
ben
efits
for
the
purc
hase
of f
ood
to A
FDC
fam
ilies
and
oth
erlo
w in
com
e fa
mili
es w
ho m
eet
elig
ibili
ty g
uide
lines
. A r
ecen
tU
SDA
stu
dy f
ound
that
chi
ldre
nco
nstit
ute
52%
of
all f
ood
stam
ppa
rtic
ipan
ts.
<>
The
re a
re a
lmos
t 6,0
00 w
orki
ngpo
or f
amili
es in
Rho
de I
slan
d w
hore
ceiv
e fo
od s
tam
ps, b
ut a
rein
elig
ible
for
AFD
C. T
he a
mou
ntof
foo
d st
amps
rec
eive
d de
pend
sup
on in
com
e, f
amily
siz
e, a
ndsh
elte
r co
sts.
<>
The
ave
rage
mon
thly
foo
d st
amp
bene
fit i
s $2
68 f
or A
FDC
fam
ilies
with
out h
ousi
ng a
ssis
tanc
e, a
nd$2
05 f
or A
FDC
fam
ilies
with
subs
idiz
ed h
ousi
ng.
0 A
rec
ent s
urve
y fo
und
that
mor
eth
an h
alf
of th
e pe
ople
who
use
the
Rho
de I
slan
d C
omm
unity
Foo
dB
ank
rece
ive
food
sta
mps
. Mos
tpe
ople
in th
is c
ateg
ory
said
that
they
use
the
Food
Ban
k be
caus
eth
eir
food
sta
mps
do
not l
ast f
or th
een
tire
mon
th.
0 Fo
rty-
five
per
cent
of
peop
le w
hous
e th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Com
mun
ityFo
od B
ank
are
child
ren
ages
17
and
youn
ger.
43
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
21
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
PU
BLI
C A
SS
IST
AN
CE
NIE
ED
FO
R Q
UA
LIT
YA
FF
OR
DA
BLE
CH
ILD
CA
RE
A D
ecem
ber
1994
Gen
eral
Acc
ount
ing
Off
ice
(GA
O)
Rep
ort
estim
ated
that
if p
oor
mot
hers
had
assi
stan
ce in
pay
ing
for
child
care
the
prop
ortio
n w
orki
ngou
tsid
e th
e ho
me
wou
ld in
crea
sefr
om 2
9% to
44%
.L
ikew
ise,
par
ents
rec
eivi
ngA
FDC
who
wan
t to
mak
e th
etr
ansi
tion
to e
mpl
oym
ent n
eed
qual
ity, a
ffor
dabl
e ch
ild c
are
for
thei
r ch
ildre
n. A
s of
Dec
embe
r 31
,19
94, t
here
wer
e 33
,281
chi
ldre
nun
der
the
age
of 4
3 in
fam
ilies
rece
ivin
g A
FDC
.
<>
A 1
990
Gen
eral
Acc
ount
ing
Off
ice
(GA
O)
stud
y fo
und
that
natio
nwid
e, th
e av
erag
e an
nual
cos
tof
a g
ood
qual
ity c
hild
car
e ce
nter
was
$4,
797,
or
abou
t $92
per
wee
k. T
his
wou
ld r
equi
re m
ore
than
hal
f th
e in
com
e of
am
inim
um w
age-
earn
ing
fam
ily o
fth
ree,
and
a s
ubst
antia
l por
tion
ofan
y lo
w in
com
e fa
mily
's a
nnua
lw
ages
.
44
<>
The
less
fam
ilies
ear
n, th
e hi
gher
the
prop
ortio
n of
inco
me
spen
t on
child
car
e. F
amili
es e
arni
ng le
ss th
an$1
5,00
0 an
nual
ly o
ften
spe
nd m
ore
than
a q
uart
er o
f th
eir
inco
me
onch
ild c
are.
<>
In
Rho
de I
slan
d, a
s of
Dec
embe
r19
94, 4
,664
chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
edsu
bsid
ized
chi
ld c
are.
0 T
he s
ingl
e m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t fac
tor
in q
ualit
y ch
ild c
are
is th
ere
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n th
e ch
ild a
ndth
e ca
regi
ver.
The
qua
lity
of th
isre
latio
nshi
p de
pend
s in
par
t on
the
ratio
of
care
give
rs to
chi
ldre
n, th
enu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n in
a g
roup
, and
the
educ
atio
n an
d tr
aini
ng le
vels
of
the
care
give
rs.
0 A
qua
lity
child
car
e pr
ogra
m a
lso
atte
nds
to th
e ba
sic
issu
es o
f he
alth
and
safe
ty a
nd e
mph
asiz
es a
part
ners
hip
betw
een
pare
nts
and
care
give
rs.
0 T
wo
rece
nt s
tudi
es o
f ch
ild c
are
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
hav
e ra
ised
seri
ous
conc
erns
abo
ut th
e qu
ality
of
child
car
e ch
ildre
n ar
e re
ceiv
ing.
2219
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /E
CO
NO
MIC
WE
LL-B
EIN
G
YO
UN
G C
HIL
DR
EN
IN F
AM
ILIE
S R
EC
EIV
ING
AF
DC
,R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, DE
CE
MB
ER
31,
199
4
CIT
Y/T
OW
NU
ND
ER
3 Y
EA
RS
NU
MB
ER
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N3
TO
5 Y
EA
RS
6 T
O 1
2 Y
EA
RS
Bar
ring
ton
215
30
Bri
stol
116
4812
3
Bur
rillv
ille
7635
96
Cen
tral
Fal
ls54
732
259
2
Cha
rles
tow
n34
1832
Cov
entr
y17
685
177
Cra
nsto
n63
830
270
0
Cum
berl
and
112
6412
8
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
6025
73
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
491
204
501
Exe
ter
266
18
Fost
er16
918
Glo
cest
er30
823
Hop
kint
on44
1965
Jam
esto
wn
144
9
John
ston
217
106
218
Lin
coln
8735
94
Litt
le C
ompt
on7
34
Mid
dlet
own
7322
88
Nar
raga
nset
t62
3479
New
port
431
192
400
New
Sho
reha
m3
20
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n18
289
162
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e29
282
224
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d14
628
Paw
tuck
et1,
429
757
1,49
4
Port
smou
th50
1944
Prov
iden
ce4,
562
2,87
36,
134
Ric
hmon
d28
841
Scitu
ate
1918
30
Smith
fiel
d66
2348
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n81
5212
0
Tiv
erto
n93
3570
War
ren
105
3789
War
wic
k61
727
459
0
Wes
terl
y18
089
189
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
2313
27
Wes
t War
wic
k35
317
939
7
Woo
nsoc
ket
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
959
12,3
34
7,92
8
4,40
6
580
6,68
2
4,72
4
1,95
8
1,11
0
14,2
65
9,73
04,
535
45
CIT
Y/T
OW
N
Bar
ring
ton
Bri
stol
Bur
rillv
ille
Cen
tral
Fal
ls
Cha
rles
tow
n
Cov
entr
y
Cra
nsto
n
Cum
berl
and
LE
ast G
reen
wic
h
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
Exe
ter
Fost
er
Glo
cest
er
Hop
kint
on
Jam
esto
wn
John
ston
Lin
coln
Litt
le C
ompt
on
Mid
dlet
own
Nar
raga
nset
t
New
port
New
Sho
reha
m
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d
Paw
tuck
et
PPor
tsm
outh
Prov
iden
ce
Ric
hmon
d
Scitu
ate
Smith
fiel
d
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n
Tiv
erto
n
War
ren
LW
arw
ick
Wes
terl
y
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
Wes
t War
wic
k
Woo
nsoc
ket
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
PU
BLI
C A
SS
IST
AN
CE
NU
MB
ER
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N U
ND
ER
18
RE
CE
IVIN
G A
SS
IST
AN
CE
.B
Y T
YP
E, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, DE
CE
MB
ER
31,
199
4A
FD
CF
OO
D S
TA
MP
SA
LL W
ITH
AF
DC
& F
OO
D S
TA
MP
SO
NLY
OR
FO
OD
ST
AM
PS
AS
% O
F A
LLU
ND
ER
18
6518
832.
2
327
137
464
10.2
239
135
374
8.5
1,74
837
22,
120
37.8
102
4915
18.
6
534
126
660
8.8
1,96
240
42,
366
15.6
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE34
411
946
37.
2R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
uman
Ser
vice
s,18
952
241
8.8
INR
HO
DE
S D
ata
Tap
es, D
ecem
ber
31, 1
994.
1,39
230
01,
692
15.4
Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce, P
awtu
cket
,
5611
674.
5W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt, a
nd C
entr
al F
alls
.
4910
595.
0R
EF
ER
EN
CE
S F
OR
IND
ICA
TO
R
7457
131
5.4
All
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent o
f16
734
201
10.7
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
unl
ess
othe
rwis
e in
dica
ted.
3115
464.
0Se
cond
Har
vest
Sur
vey
of C
omm
unity
Foo
d B
anks
,64
319
984
215
.0(1
994)
, Sec
ond
Har
vest
: Chi
cago
, II.
253
8433
78.
6St
artin
g Po
ints
: Mee
ting
the
Nee
ds o
f O
ur Y
oung
est
1812
304.
1C
hild
ren,
(19
94),
Car
negi
e C
orpo
ratio
n of
227
6929
66.
0N
ew Y
ork:
New
Yor
k, N
Y
204
5025
48.
4St
atem
ent o
n K
ey W
elfa
re R
efor
m I
ssue
s: T
he1,
217
234
1,45
123
.0E
mpi
rica
l Evi
denc
e (1
995)
, Tuf
ts U
nive
rsity
61
73.
4C
ente
r on
Hun
ger,
Pov
erty
and
Nut
ritio
n
493
9959
29.
7Po
licy:
Med
ford
, MA
.
694
207
901
15.2
The
Sta
te o
fAm
eric
a's
Chi
ldre
n Y
earb
ook:
199
4,
5620
763.
6(1
994)
, Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
nD
.C.
4,35
089
85,
248
28.8
134
5218
64.
5T
he W
ashi
ngto
n Po
st, "
Nat
iona
l Chi
ld C
are
Stud
y,"
Febr
uary
6,
16,5
552,
799
19,3
5444
.019
95.
9731
128
8.1
8538
123
5.1
169
9826
76.
8
308
5536
37.
4
237
6630
39.
9
277
5833
512
.8
1,76
542
32,
188
11.6
550
100
650
12.1
7819
9710
.5
1,08
625
81,
344
19.0
3,10
073
03,
830
33.3
39,8
815,
951
45,8
3219
.2
2497
05,
033
32,0
0337
.412
,911
918
13,8
299.
0
4619
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k23
RE
NT
BU
RD
EN
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Ren
t bur
den
is th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
the
stat
ewid
e m
edia
n re
nter
inco
me
need
ed to
cov
er th
e av
erag
e co
st o
f
rent
in a
com
mun
ity. G
ener
ally
, ren
t
burd
ens
over
30%
are
con
side
red
unaf
ford
able
, ren
t bur
dens
ove
r
50%
are
exc
essi
ve.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
In th
e N
orth
east
, hou
sing
cos
ts
acco
unt f
or th
e la
rges
t por
tion
of a
fam
ily's
bud
get.
Dur
ing
the
1980
sfa
mily
inco
mes
ros
e 93
%, w
hile
rent
s in
crea
sed
153%
.
In 1
994,
ave
rage
ren
ts in
17
of
Rho
de I
slan
d's
39 c
omm
uniti
esex
ceed
ed th
e af
ford
abili
ty o
f th
e
stat
e's
med
ian
inco
me
rent
er. N
ot
a si
ngle
Rho
de I
slan
d co
mm
unity
was
aff
orda
ble
to a
min
imum
wag
e
earn
er w
orki
ng f
ull-
time.
48
The
sev
erity
of
the
rent
bur
den
in R
hode
Isl
and
com
mun
ities
has
led
to a
n in
crea
sing
dem
and
for
rent
al s
ubsi
dies
. Mos
t Sec
tion
8
and
publ
ic h
ousi
ng w
aitin
g lis
ts a
re
clos
ed, a
nd th
e w
ait f
or f
amili
es
curr
ently
on
the
wai
ting
lists
can
be
as lo
ng a
s si
x ye
ars.
With
a la
rge
perc
enta
ge o
f
fam
ily in
com
e go
ing
tow
ard
rent
,
any
inte
rrup
tion
in in
com
e or
unex
pect
ed e
xpen
se c
an p
lace
fam
ilies
at r
isk
for
hom
eles
snes
s.
2419
94 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /
EC
ON
OM
IC W
ELL
-BE
ING
AF
FO
RD
AB
LE R
EN
TS
FO
R S
ELE
CT
ED
FA
MIL
Y IN
CO
ME
LE
VE
LS
In 1
994,
the
aver
age
rent
for
a tw
o be
droo
m a
part
men
t in
Rho
de I
slan
d w
as $
581.
Fam
ily o
f T
hree
Ann
ual I
ncom
e19
94
Aff
orda
ble
Ren
t(3
0% o
f In
com
e)
Min
imum
Wag
e E
arne
r$
9,25
6$2
31A
FDC
(in
clud
ing
Food
Sta
mps
)$
9,87
0$2
46Po
vert
y L
evel
$12,
590
$315
Med
ian
Inco
me
Ren
ter
$24,
006
$600
HO
ME
LES
S C
HIL
DR
EN
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
Rho
de I
slan
d E
mer
genc
y Sh
elte
r In
form
atio
n Pr
ojec
t:
0 1,
473
child
ren
unde
r ag
e 12
wer
e se
rved
by
Rho
de I
slan
d's
Em
erge
ncy
Shel
ter
netw
ork
from
Jul
y 1,
199
3 th
roug
h Ju
ne 3
0, 1
994.
Thi
s do
es n
otin
clud
e in
divi
dual
s an
d fa
mili
es w
ho w
ere
turn
ed a
way
fro
m s
helte
rs o
rth
ose
who
sou
ght s
helte
r w
ith f
amily
mem
bers
or
frie
nds.
<>
Chi
ldre
n un
der
age
12 r
epre
sent
ed a
lmos
t 30%
of
the
popu
latio
nre
ceiv
ing
shel
ter
at e
mer
genc
y sh
elte
rs, a
nd o
ver
50%
of
the
indi
vidu
als
assi
sted
at d
omes
tic v
iole
nce
shel
ters
. 49
RE
NT
BU
RD
EN
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
994
CIT
Y/T
OW
N
1994
AV
ER
AG
E R
EN
T2-
BE
DR
OO
M
1994
ME
DIA
NR
EN
TE
R H
OU
SE
-H
OLD
INC
OM
E
RE
NT
BU
RD
EN
ST
AT
EW
IDE
ME
DIA
NIN
CO
ME
RE
NT
ER
1994
PO
VE
RT
YLE
VE
L- F
AM
ILY
OF
TH
RE
E
RE
NT
BU
RD
EN
PO
VE
RT
Y L
EV
EL
FA
MIL
Y O
F 3
Bar
ring
ton
747
41,6
9437
%12
,590
71%
Bri
stol
614
26,112
31%
12,5
9059
%B
urri
llvill
e56
424
,990
28%
12,5
9054%
Cen
tral
Fal
ls45
720
,496
23%
12,5
9044
%C
harl
esto
wn
573
29,5
4529
%12
,590
55%
Cov
entr
y52
526
,502
26%
12,5
9050
%C
rans
ton
596
27,0
3230
%12,590
57%
Cumberland
568
27,515
28%
12,5
9054
%E
ast G
reen
wic
h62
122
,730
31%
12,5
9059
%E
ast P
rovi
denc
e57
926
,014
29%
12,5
9055
%E
xete
r52
830
,103
26%
12,5
9050
%Fo
ster
928
33,581
46%
12,5
9088
%G
loce
ster
550
23,0
4827
%12,590
52%
Hop
kint
on54
524,123
27%
12,5
9052
%
Jam
esto
wn
681
31,331
34%
12,5
9065
%
John
ston
599
27,2
4030
%12,590
57%
Lin
coln
594
28,2
2430
%12
,590
57%
Litt
le C
ompt
on55
327
,491
28%
12,5
9053
%M
iddl
etow
n76
030
,153
38%
12,590
72%
Nar
raga
nset
t70
526
,361
35%
12,5
9067
%
New
port
662
24,7
6233
%12
,590
63%
New
Sho
reha
m62
8N
A31
%12,590
60%
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n66
427,503
33%
12,590
63%
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e56
026
,213
28%
12,590
53%
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d61
228
,015
31%
12,590
58%
Paw
tuck
et53
123,130
27%
12,590
51%
Port
smou
th68
339,128
34%
12,590
65%
Prov
iden
ce-
546
20,0
5327
%12,590
52%
Ric
hmon
d595
33,4
1430
%12,590
57%
Scitu
ate
604
31,745
30%
12,5
9058
%Sm
ithfi
eld
589
23,711
29%
12,5
9056
%
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n70
327
,735
35%
12,590
67%
Tiv
erto
n71
929
,880
36%
12,590
68%
War
ren
570
25,803
29%
12,590
54%
War
wic
k62
426
,948
31%
12,5
9059
%
Wes
terl
y62
427
,680
31%
12,5
9059
%W
est G
reen
wic
hN
A20
,092
NA
12,590
NA
Wes
t War
wic
k54
124
,820
27%
12,590
52%
Woo
nsoc
ket
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
471
581
546
611
21,9
49
24,0
06 NA
NA
24%
29%
27%
31%
12,5
90
12,5
90
12,5
90
12,5
90
45%
55% NA
NA
50
RE
NT
BU
RD
EN
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Rho
de I
slan
d H
ousi
ng a
nd M
ortg
age
Fina
nce
Cor
pora
tion.
Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt, a
ndC
entr
al F
alls
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m T
he S
tate
of
Rho
de I
slan
dC
onso
lidat
ed P
lan
Fisc
al Y
ear
1995
-199
8, (
1994
),R
hode
Isl
and
Hou
sing
and
Mor
tgag
e Fi
nanc
eC
orpo
ratio
n: P
rovi
denc
e, R
I., u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
note
d.
Chi
ldre
n an
d T
heir
Hou
sing
Nee
ds: A
Rep
ort t
oK
ids
Cou
nt, (
1993
), C
ente
r on
Bud
get a
ndPo
licy
Prio
ritie
s: W
ashi
ngto
n D
.C.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
25
In T
ite P
e,ty
grat
tnat
In th
e pe
itygr
Ditn
Asi
tyA
re40
4.5
144e
re th
e su
n 6e
4n4s
4 n4
9 s
eem
to 6
e
11,4
4tev
er 9
PM
nt tD
,Te
4/14
(re
etD
peat
' ana
l sta
y
'fora
y ir
On4
the
eCoi
tais
'tee
ota
y
2n M
e pl
aygr
ottn
atm
yA
I-m
it/is
A 6
;troi
ttn r
yew
ee
52
2619
95 R
hode
Isla
nd K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
DE
LAY
ED
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Del
ayed
pre
nata
l car
e is
the
perc
enta
geof
pre
gnan
t wom
enbe
ginn
ing
pren
atal
car
e in
the
seco
nd o
r th
ird
trim
este
r of
preg
nanc
y or
rec
eivi
ng n
o pr
enat
alca
re a
t all.
Dat
a ar
e re
port
ed b
y
plac
e of
mot
her's
res
iden
ce, n
ot
plac
e of
infa
nt's
bir
th.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Tim
ely
and
com
preh
ensi
vepr
enat
al c
are
sign
ific
antly
incr
ease
sth
e lik
elih
ood
of d
eliv
erin
g a
heal
thy
infa
nt o
f no
rmal
bir
thw
eigh
t.D
elay
ing
the
star
t of
pren
atal
car
e to
the
seco
nd tr
imes
ter
incr
ease
s th
e
heal
th r
isks
for
bot
h m
othe
r an
d
baby
.W
omen
who
beg
in p
rena
tal c
are
in th
e fi
rst t
rim
este
r ar
e ad
vise
d
earl
ier
abou
t sm
okin
g, n
utri
tion
and
othe
r ex
posu
res
that
aff
ect f
etal
deve
lopm
ent.
The
ir h
ealth
car
e
prov
ider
s ha
ve a
n ea
rly
oppo
rtun
ity
to p
reve
nt, d
etec
t, an
d tr
eat
preg
nanc
y-re
late
d co
nditi
ons
or
com
plic
atio
ns.
Ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
is
espe
cial
ly im
port
ant f
or w
omen
at in
crea
sed
med
ical
or
soci
al
risk
. Bar
rier
s to
rec
eivi
ng c
are
are
grea
test
for
poor
, you
ng, o
rm
inor
ity w
omen
due
to a
lack
of
heal
th in
sura
nce,
tran
spor
tatio
n,ed
ucat
ion
and
child
car
e, a
ndbe
caus
e of
lang
uage
and
cul
tura
l
diff
eren
ces.
2819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /H
EA
LTH
DE
LAY
ED
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
IN C
OR
E C
ITIE
S
20.8
9.4
WO
ME
N R
EC
EIV
ING
DE
LAY
ED
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
,B
Y R
AC
E
28.6
14.
12.2
18.4
N4,
.4.4
4N
"2.44
1-N
INt'
P&\
."N
.*
DE
LAY
ED
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
DE
LAY
ED
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
987-
1991
CIT
Y/T
OW
NB
IRT
HS
DE
LAY
ED
CA
RE
% D
ELA
YE
D C
AR
EC
ITY
/TO
WN
BIR
TH
SD
ELA
YE
D C
AR
E%
DE
LAY
ED
CA
RE
Bar
ring
ton
972
484.
9W
este
rly
1,62
916
810
.3
Bri
stol
1,36
615
111
.1W
est G
reen
wic
h26
127
NA
Bur
rillv
ille
1,00
588
8.8
Wes
t War
wic
k2,
327
284
12.2
Cen
tral
Fal
ls2,
005
442
22.0
Woo
nsoc
ket
3,75
464
817
.3
Cha
rles
tow
n56
350
8.9
Rho
de I
slan
d72
,910
10,2
9014
.1C
oven
try
2,03
118
89.
3C
ore
Citi
es29
,883
6231
20.8
Cra
nsto
n4,
432
443
10.0
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
43,0
274,
059
9.4
Cum
berl
and
1,70
414
78.
6
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
599
528.
7PM
: Sm
all n
umbe
rs o
f bi
rths
mak
e pe
rcen
tage
cal
cula
tions
unr
elia
ble.
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
3,21
336
111
.2
Exe
ter
382
26N
A
Fost
er28
723
NA
Glo
cest
er57
143
7.5
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LER
EF
ER
EN
CE
S F
OR
IND
ICA
TO
R
Hop
kint
on53
549
9.2
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, D
ivis
ion
ofA
ll da
ta a
re f
rom
the
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Jam
esto
wn
318
25N
AFa
mily
Hea
lth, M
ater
nal a
nd C
hild
Hea
lthH
ealth
, Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily H
ealth
, Mat
erna
l and
John
ston
1,71
115
49.
0D
atab
ase,
198
7 to
199
1. H
ispa
nic
data
are
for
1989
to 1
991
only
. Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt, a
nd
Chi
ld H
ealth
Dat
abas
e, 1
987
to 1
991,
unl
ess
oth-
erw
ise
note
d.L
inco
ln1,
093
938.
5
Litt
le C
ompt
on18
625
NA
Cen
tral
Fal
ls.
Hea
lthy
Peop
le 2
000
- R
hode
Isl
and.
The
Hea
lth o
fM
inor
ities
in R
hode
Isl
and,
(19
93),
Off
ice
ofM
iddl
etow
n1,
329
188
14.1
Hea
lth S
tatis
tics,
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Nar
raga
nset
t89
868
7.6
Hea
lth: P
rovi
denc
e, R
I.N
ewpo
rt2,
100
405
19.3
Pren
atal
Car
e in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es: A
Sta
te a
ndN
ew S
hore
ham
664
NA
Cou
ntry
Inv
ento
ry V
ol.]
, (19
89),
The
Alle
nN
orth
Kin
gsto
wn
1,61
512
27.
6G
uttm
ache
r In
stitu
te: N
ew Y
ork,
NY
&
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e1,
866
170
9.1
Was
hing
ton
DC
.
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d49
743
NA
Star
ting
Poin
ts: M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
t
Paw
tuck
et6,
015
972
16.2
Chi
ldre
n, (
1994
), C
arne
gie
Cor
pora
tion:
New
Yor
k, N
Y.
Port
smou
th1,
069
807.
5
Prov
iden
ce16
,009
3,76
423
.5B
eyon
d R
heto
ric:
A N
ew A
mer
ican
Age
nda
for
Ric
hmon
d40
934
NA
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
es: F
inal
Rep
ort o
f th
eN
atio
nal C
omm
issi
on o
n C
hild
ren,
(19
91),
U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent P
rint
ing
Off
ice:
Was
hing
ton
DC
.
Scitu
ate
656
487.
3
Smith
fiel
d1,
015
797.
8
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n1,
349
876.
4Pr
enat
al C
are:
Rea
chin
g M
othe
rs, R
each
ing
Infa
nts,
Tiv
erto
n84
310
011
.9(1
988)
, Ins
titut
e fo
r M
edid
ine,
Nat
iona
lW
arre
n81
610
312
.6A
cade
my
Pres
s: W
ashi
ngto
n D
C.
War
wic
k5,
414
488
9.0
5819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k29
55
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
S
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Low
bir
thw
eigh
t inf
ants
is th
e
perc
enta
ge o
f liv
e bi
rths
wei
ghin
g
unde
r 2,
500
gram
s (5
.5 p
ound
s).
The
dat
a ar
e re
port
ed b
y pl
ace
of
mot
her's
res
iden
ce, n
ot p
lace
of
infa
nt's
bir
th.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
A b
aby'
s bi
rthw
eigh
t is
a ke
yin
dica
tor
of n
ewbo
rn h
ealth
and
is d
irec
tly r
elat
ed to
the
infa
nt's
surv
ival
, hea
lth, a
nd d
evel
opm
ent.
Alm
ost 6
0% o
f in
fant
s w
ho d
ie in
the
firs
t yea
r of
life
wer
e bo
rn w
ith
low
bir
thw
eigh
t.B
abie
s bo
rn w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
poun
ds a
re a
t gre
ater
ris
k fo
r
phys
ical
and
men
tal p
robl
ems.
Bab
ies
born
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an
3.3
poun
ds a
re a
t esp
ecia
lly h
igh
risk
for
chr
onic
lung
and
res
pira
tory 60
prob
lem
s, v
isua
l and
hea
ring
impa
irm
ents
, men
tal r
etar
datio
n,
and
deve
lopm
enta
l and
lear
ning
disa
bilit
ies.
Low
bir
thw
eigh
t rat
es f
or B
lack
infa
nts
are
alm
ost t
wic
e th
ose
for
Whi
te in
fant
s, a
nd a
re h
ighe
r th
anth
ose
for
Asi
ans
and
othe
r ra
cial
grou
ps.
3019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /
HE
ALT
H
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
TIN
FA
NT
SB
Y R
AC
E
10.9
8.2
6.1
6.8
444
.
er
0j
r
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
TIN
FA
NT
SIN
CO
RE
CIT
IES
7.4
6.1
5.1
_ _
oc
VO
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
S
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
S, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 198
7-19
91
CIT
Y/T
OW
NB
IRT
HS
NU
MB
ER
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T'3
6 LO
WB
IRT
HR
AT
EN
UM
BE
R%
LO
WC
ITY
/TO
WN
BIR
TH
SLO
W B
IRT
HW
EIG
HT
BIR
TH
RA
TE
Bar
ring
ton
972
353.
6W
este
rly
1,62
996
5.9
Bri
stol
1,36
663
4.6
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
261
11N
A
Bur
rillv
ille
1,00
552
5.2
Wes
t War
wic
k2,
327
129
5.5
Cen
tral
Fal
ls2,
005
169
8.4
Woo
nsoc
ket
3,75
426
97.
2
Cha
rles
tow
n56
330
5.3
Rho
de I
slan
d72
,910
4,41
26.
1
Cov
entr
y2,
031
994.
9C
ore
Citi
es29
,883
2,22
67.
4
Cra
nsto
n4,
432
231
5.2
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
43,0
272,
186
5.1
Cum
berl
and
1,70
474
4.3
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
599
315.
2N
A: S
mal
l num
ber
of b
irth
s m
ake
perc
ent c
alcu
latio
ns u
nrel
iabl
e.
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
3,21
317
45.
4
Exe
ter
382
23N
A
Fost
er28
713
NA
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LER
EF
ER
EN
CE
S F
OR
IND
ICA
TO
RG
loce
ster
571
254.
4
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, D
ivis
ion
ofA
ll da
ta a
re f
rom
the
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hop
kint
on53
528
5.2
Jam
esto
wn
318
13N
AFa
mily
Hea
lth, M
ater
nal a
nd C
hild
Hea
lthH
ealth
, Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily H
ealth
, Mat
erna
l and
Dat
abas
e, 1
987
- 19
91. H
ispa
nic
data
are
for
Chi
ld H
ealth
Dat
abas
e, 1
987
to 1
991,
unl
ess
oth-
1989
to 1
991
only
. Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce,
erw
ise
note
d.Jo
hnst
on1,
711
895.
2
Lin
coln
1,09
349
4.5
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt, a
ndC
entr
al F
alls
.T
he H
ealth
of
Am
eric
a's
Chi
ldre
n, M
ater
nal a
ndL
ittle
Com
pton
186
6N
AC
hild
Hea
lth D
ata
Boo
k, (
1992
), C
hild
ren'
sM
iddl
etow
n1,
329
765.
7D
efen
se F
und:
Was
hing
ton
D.C
.N
arra
gans
ett
898
384.
2St
artin
g Po
ints
: Mee
ting
the
Nee
ds o
f O
ur Y
oung
est
Chi
ldre
n, (
1994
), C
arne
gie
Cor
pora
tion:
New
port
2,10
010
14.
8
New
Sho
reha
m66
2N
AN
ew Y
ork,
NY
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n1,
615
754.
6T
he S
tate
of
Am
eric
as C
hild
ren
Yea
rboo
k: 1
999,
(199
4), C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und:
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e1,
866
995.
3
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d49
719
NA
Was
hing
ton
D.C
.
Paw
tuck
et6,
015
361
6.0
Hea
lthy
Peop
le 2
000
Rho
de I
slan
d: T
he H
ealth
of
Port
smou
th1,
069
545.
1M
inor
ities
in R
hode
Isl
and,
(19
93),
Off
ice
ofPr
ovid
ence
16,0
091,
326
8.3
Hea
lth S
tatis
tics,
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth: P
rovi
denc
e, R
IR
ichm
ond
409
18N
A
Scitu
ate
656
284.
3
Smith
fiel
d1,
015
403.
9
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n1,
349
755.
6
Tiv
erto
n84
350
5.9
War
ren
816
516.
3
War
wic
k5,
414
290
5.4
6219
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k31
63
INF
AN
T M
OR
TA
LIT
Y
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
deat
hs o
ccur
ring
to in
fant
s un
der
one
year
of
age
per
1,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
.
The
dat
a ar
e re
port
ed b
y pl
ace
ofm
othe
r's r
esid
ence
, not
pla
ce o
f
infa
nt's
bir
th.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
s ar
e cl
osel
ylin
ked
to a
com
mun
ity's
soc
ial a
ndec
onom
ic c
ondi
tions
. Com
mun
ities
with
mul
tiple
pro
blem
s su
ch a
s
pove
rty,
poo
r ho
usin
g co
nditi
ons,
and
unem
ploy
men
t ten
d to
hav
ehi
gher
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
s th
an
mor
e ad
vant
aged
com
mun
ities
.
Ris
k fa
ctor
s co
ntri
butin
g to
infa
nt d
eath
s in
clud
e la
ck o
f
prev
entiv
e he
alth
and
pre
nata
l car
e,
inad
equa
te n
utri
tion
and
poor
livi
ng
cond
ition
s. S
ome
of th
e he
alth
fact
ors
asso
ciat
ed w
ith in
fant
dea
ths
incl
ude
cong
enita
l bir
th d
efec
ts,
com
plic
atio
ns r
esul
ting
from
ear
ly
deliv
ery
and
low
bir
thw
eigh
t, an
d
resp
irat
ory
prob
lem
s.
64
Ove
r th
e pa
st te
n ye
ars,
Rho
deIs
land
's B
lack
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
has
decl
ined
56
perc
ent.
Des
pite
this
pro
gres
s, th
e B
lack
infa
nt
mor
talit
y ra
te c
ontin
ues
to b
e tw
ice
that
for
Whi
te in
fant
s.
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
DIN
FA
NT
MO
RT
ALI
TY
RA
TE
SB
Y R
AC
E
16._
5
88.
0 -8.
1
6.6
3.__
_. 1
.)'4
4,44
'C
k"2
4,""
Cr
sit,?
G,
F0
44'
t
U.S
. IN
FA
NT
MO
RT
ALI
TY
RA
TE
RA
NK
SB
EH
IND
OT
HE
R C
OU
NT
RIE
S
0 In
fant
mor
talit
y ra
tes
are
used
by
the
Wor
ld H
ealth
Org
aniz
atio
n as
apr
imar
y m
easu
re o
f th
e ov
eral
l soc
ial a
nd e
cono
mic
hea
lth o
f co
mm
uniti
esw
orld
wid
e.
O E
ach.
yea
r in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
lmos
t 40,
000
infa
nts
die
befo
re th
eir
firs
t bir
thda
y.
0 T
he o
vera
ll U
nite
d St
ates
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
ran
ks tw
enty
seco
ndw
orld
wid
e. T
he U
.S. i
nfan
t mor
talit
y ra
te f
or B
lack
infa
nts
rank
s fo
rtie
thw
hen
com
pare
d w
ith o
ther
cou
ntri
es' o
vera
ll ra
tes.
0 In
Rho
de I
slan
d in
199
1, 1
18 in
fant
s di
ed b
efor
e th
eir
firs
t bir
thda
y.M
ore
than
hal
f of
thes
e de
aths
occ
urre
d in
the
core
citi
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
,Pa
wtu
cket
, Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
, and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls.
3219
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /H
EA
LTH
65
INF
AN
T M
OR
TA
LIT
Y
NU
MB
ER
OF
INF
AN
T D
EA
TH
S, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 198
7-19
91
CIT
Y/T
OW
NB
IRT
HS
INF
AN
T D
EA
TH
SR
AT
E/1
000
BIR
TH
S
Bar
ring
ton
972
66.
2B
rist
ol1,
366
42.
9B
urri
llvill
e1,
005
1110
.9
Cen
tral
Fal
ls2,
005
2512
.5
Cha
rles
tow
n56
36
10.7
Cov
entr
y2,
031
178.
4C
rans
ton
4,43
227
6.1
Cum
berl
and
1,70
414
8.2
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
599
813
.4
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
3,21
325
7.8
Exe
ter
382
8N
A
Fost
er28
72
NA
Glo
cest
er57
14
7.0
Hop
kint
on53
55
9.3
Jam
esto
wn
318
4N
A
John
ston
1,71
112
7.0
Lin
coln
1,09
32
1.8
Litt
le C
ompt
on18
610
NA
Mid
dlet
own
1,32
99
6.8
Nar
raga
nset
t89
87
7.8
New
port
2,10
022
10.5
New
Sho
reha
m66
1N
A
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n1,
615
85.
0N
orth
Pro
vide
nce
1,86
614
7.5
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d49
73
NA
Paw
tuck
et6,
015
6210
.3
Port
smou
th1,
069
76.
5Pr
ovid
ence
16,0
0916
810
.5R
ichm
ond
409
1N
A
Scitu
ate
656
34.
6Sm
ithfi
eld
1,01
52
2.0
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n1,
349
118.
2T
iver
ton
843
89.
5W
arre
n81
62
2.5
War
wic
k5,
414
356.
5
66
CIT
Y/T
OW
NB
IRT
HS
INF
AN
T D
EA
TH
SR
AT
E/1
000
BIR
TH
S
Wes
terl
y1,
629
95.
5W
est G
reen
wic
h26
11
NA
Wes
t War
wic
k2,
327
177.
3W
oons
ocke
t3,
754
4612
.3
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
72,9
10
29,8
83
43,0
27
626
323
303
8.6
10.8
10.1
NA
: Sm
all n
umbe
rs o
f bi
rths
mak
e ra
te c
alcu
latio
ns u
nrel
iabl
e.
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, D
ivis
ion
ofFa
mily
Hea
lth, M
ater
nal a
nd C
hild
Hea
lthD
atab
ase,
Dea
th F
iles,
198
7-19
91. H
ispa
nic
data
are
for
198
9 to
199
1 on
ly. C
ore
citie
s ar
ePr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t,N
ewpo
rt, a
nd C
entr
al F
alls
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
, Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily H
ealth
, Mat
erna
lan
d C
hild
Hea
lth D
atab
ase,
198
7-19
91, u
nles
sot
herw
ise
note
d.
Hea
lthy
Peop
le 2
000
- R
hode
Isl
and.
The
Hea
lthof
Min
oriti
es in
Rho
de I
slan
d, (
1993
), O
ffic
eof
Hea
lth S
tatis
tics,
Rho
de I
slan
dD
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth: P
rovi
denc
e, R
I
KID
S C
OU
NT
Dat
a B
ook
1994
: Sta
re P
rofi
les
ofC
hild
Wel
l-B
eing
, (19
94),
Ann
ie E
. Cas
eyFo
unda
tion:
Bal
timor
e, M
D.
The
Hea
lth o
f A
mer
ica'
s C
hild
ren,
Mat
erna
l and
Chi
ld H
ealth
Dat
a B
ook,
(19
92),
Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n D
.C.
The
Sta
te o
f th
e W
orld
's C
hild
ren:
199
4, (
1994
),U
nite
d N
atio
ns C
hild
ren'
s Fu
nd (
UN
ICE
F):
New
Yor
k, N
Y; r
anki
ng b
ased
on
1991
infa
ntm
orta
lity
stat
istic
s fr
om th
e N
atio
nal C
ente
rfo
r H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
33
BIR
TH
S T
O U
NM
AR
RIE
D T
EE
NS
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Bir
ths
to u
nmar
ried
teen
s is
the
num
ber
of b
irth
s to
unm
arri
ed te
engi
rls
ages
15
to 1
9, p
er 1
,000
teen
girl
s. D
ata
are
repo
rted
by
the
mot
her's
pla
ce o
f re
side
nce,
not
the
plac
e of
the
infa
nt's
bir
th.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Ear
ly c
hild
bear
ing
thre
aten
s
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f te
en p
aren
ts a
s
wel
l as
thei
r ch
ildre
n. B
eing
a te
en
pare
nt s
erio
usly
lim
its s
ubse
quen
ted
ucat
ion,
em
ploy
men
t pro
spec
ts,
and
lifet
ime
earn
ings
.
Chi
ldre
n of
teen
mot
hers
beg
inlif
e at
a d
isad
vant
age,
in p
art
beca
use
teen
mot
hers
are
less
like
ly
to o
btai
n ad
equa
te p
rena
tal c
are
and
are
less
like
ly to
hav
e th
e
fina
ncia
l res
ourc
es a
nd s
ocia
l
supp
orts
to p
rom
ote
optim
al c
hild
deve
lopm
ent.
Chi
ldre
n bo
rn to
teen
age
pare
nts
are
mor
e lik
ely
to
suff
er p
oor
heal
th, e
xper
ienc
e
lear
ning
and
beh
avio
r pr
oble
ms,
live
in p
over
ty a
nd b
ecom
e te
en
pare
nts
them
selv
es.
68
You
th w
ho li
ve in
pov
erty
, hav
e
poor
bas
ic s
kills
or
poor
sch
ool
atte
ndan
ce a
re a
t esp
ecia
lly h
igh
risk
for
teen
par
entin
g. P
reve
ntio
n
effo
rts
are
mos
t eff
ectiv
e w
hen
they
occu
r in
the
cont
ext o
f be
tter
life
optio
ns a
nd in
crea
sed
econ
omic
oppo
rtun
ities
for
bot
h m
ale
and
fem
ale
teen
s.
WO
ME
N W
ITH
DE
LAY
ED
PR
EN
AT
AL
CA
RE
BY
AG
E O
FM
OT
HE
R
37.2
14.1
29.8
44?
tioi
<z-
co44
,
3419
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /H
EA
LTH
FA
CT
S A
BO
UT
BIR
TH
S T
O T
EE
NS
IN R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
Bet
wee
n 19
88 a
nd 1
991:
0 T
here
wer
e 5,
883
birt
hs to
Rho
de I
slan
d te
enag
ers
ages
15
to 1
9.O
f th
ese,
4 o
ut o
f 5
wer
e to
unm
arri
ed te
ens.
0 16
bab
ies
wer
e bo
rn to
gir
ls a
ges
12 a
nd 1
3.89
bab
ies
wer
e bo
rn to
gir
ls a
ge 1
4.
0 1
in 1
0 bi
rths
in R
hode
Isl
and
wer
e to
wom
en le
ssth
an 2
0 ye
ars
of a
ge.
0 2
out o
f 3
teen
bir
ths
wer
e to
gir
ls in
the
core
citi
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
,Pa
wtu
cket
, Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
, and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls.
69
BIR
TH
S T
O U
NM
AR
RIE
D T
EE
NS
BIR
TH
S T
O U
NM
AR
RIE
D T
EE
NS
, AG
E 1
5-19
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
988-
1991
CIT
Y/T
OW
NN
UM
BE
R O
F T
EE
N G
IRLS
AG
ES
15-
19B
IRT
HS
TO
UN
MA
RR
IED
TE
EN
SR
AT
E P
ER
1,00
0 T
EE
NS
NU
MB
ER
OF
TE
EN
GIR
LSC
ITY
/TO
WN
AG
ES
15-
19B
IRT
HS
TO
RA
TE
PE
RU
NM
AR
RIE
D T
EE
NS
1,00
0 T
EE
NS
Bar
ring
ton
475
136.
8W
este
rly
615
7530
.5
Bri
stol
957
4912
.8W
est G
reen
wic
h12
718
35.4
Bur
rillv
ille
517
5426
.1W
est W
arw
ick
868
125
36.0
Cen
tral
Fal
ls58
421
893
.3W
oons
ocke
t1,
484
439
73.9
Cha
rles
tow
n15
319
31.0
Rho
de I
slan
d35
,059
4,66
333
.2
Cov
entr
y1,
019
9423
.1C
ore
Citi
es12
,739
3,05
960
.0
Cra
nsto
n1,
990
145
18.2
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
22,3
201,
604
18.0
Cum
berl
and
910
5013
.7
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
405
127.
4
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
1,49
615
325
.6
Exe
ter
172
'13
18.9
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LER
EF
ER
EN
CE
S F
OR
IND
ICA
TO
R
Fost
er14
06
10.7
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, M
ater
nal
All
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent
Glo
cest
er36
523
15.8
and
Chi
ld H
ealth
Dat
abas
e, B
irth
File
s, 1
988
of H
ealth
, Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily H
ealth
, Mat
erna
l
Hop
kint
on22
132
36.2
to 1
991.
Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt, a
ndC
entr
al F
alls
.
and
Chi
ld H
ealth
Dat
abas
e, 1
988-
1991
.
Star
ting
Poin
ts: M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
tJa
mes
tow
n12
85
9.8
John
ston
753
6621
.9C
hild
ren,
(19
94),
Car
negi
e C
orpo
ratio
n:N
ew Y
ork,
NY
Lin
coln
544
3415
.6
Litt
le C
ompt
on81
721
.6B
eyon
d R
heto
ric:
A N
ew A
mer
ican
Age
nda
for
Mid
dlet
own
472
4021
.2C
hild
ren
and
Fam
ilies
: Fin
al R
epor
t of
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Chi
ldre
n, (
1991
),U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e:W
ashi
ngto
n D
.C.
Nar
raga
nset
t38
417
11.1
New
port
1,15
313
429
.0
New
Sho
reha
m11
0Se
x an
d A
mer
ica'
s T
eena
gers
, (19
94),
The
Alle
nN
orth
Kin
gsto
wn
774
6220
.0G
uttm
ache
r In
stitu
te, N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
.N
orth
Pro
vide
nce
887
5515
.519
94 A
nnua
l Rep
ort,
(199
5), C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
seN
orth
Sm
ithfi
eld
374
1510
.0Fu
nd: W
ashi
ngto
n D
.C.
Paw
tuck
et2,
234
522
58.4
Port
smou
th51
123
11.2
Prov
iden
ce7,
284
1,74
659
.9
Ric
hmon
d16
924
35.5
Scitu
ate
334
1511
.2
Smith
fiel
d89
019
5.3
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n2,
255
535.
9
Tiv
erto
n46
228
15.2
War
ren
328
3022
.9
War
wic
k2,
533
230
22.7
7019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k35
WO
ME
N A
ND
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
WIC
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Wom
en a
nd c
hild
ren
rece
ivin
g
WIC
is th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
elig
ible
wom
en, i
nfan
ts a
nd c
hild
ren
serv
ed
by th
e Sp
ecia
l Sup
plem
enta
l Foo
d
Prog
ram
for
Wom
en, I
nfan
ts a
nd
Chi
ldre
n (W
IC).
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
The
Spe
cial
Sup
plem
enta
l Foo
dPr
ogra
m f
or W
omen
, Inf
ants
and
Chi
ldre
n is
a p
reve
ntiv
e pr
ogra
m
prov
idin
g nu
triti
ous
food
, nut
ritio
ned
ucat
ion
and
impr
oved
acc
ess
to
heal
th c
are.
Thi
s fe
dera
lly f
unde
d pr
ogra
m
serv
es p
regn
ant,
post
part
um a
nd
brea
stfe
edin
g w
omen
, inf
ants
and
child
ren
less
than
fiv
e ye
ars
of a
ge
who
are
at n
utri
tiona
l ris
k, b
ased
on
abno
rmal
wei
ght g
ain
duri
ng
preg
nanc
y, ir
on-d
efic
ienc
y an
emia
or o
ther
spe
cifi
c he
alth
ris
ks.
Hou
seho
ld in
com
e m
ust b
e be
low
185%
of
the
pove
rty
leve
l.
In R
hode
Isl
and,
the
fund
ed
allo
catio
n of
22,
030
serv
es a
bout
67%
of
elig
ible
wom
en, i
nfan
ts a
nd
child
ren.
72
WO
ME
N, I
NF
AN
TS
AN
DC
HIL
DR
EN
SE
RV
ED
BY
WIC
,R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
,JA
NU
AR
Y 1
995
9.5%
Preg
nant
Wom
en
7.5%
Post
part
um W
omen
23.6
%In
fant
s L
ess
than
One
Yea
r O
ld
59.4
%C
hild
ren
Age
s 1
thro
ugh
5
Tot
al S
erve
d is
21,
906
3619
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /H
EA
LTH
WIC
PR
EV
EN
TS
HE
ALT
H P
RO
BLE
MS
AN
D IS
CO
ST
EF
FE
CT
IVE
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
Car
negi
e C
orpo
ratio
n re
port
, Sta
rtin
g Po
ints
:M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
t Chi
ldre
n, r
esea
rch
indi
cate
s th
atW
IC p
reve
nts
heal
th p
robl
ems
in p
regn
ant w
omen
and
you
ng c
hild
ren
and
is c
ost-
effe
ctiv
e.
<>
WIC
link
s th
e di
stri
butio
n of
foo
d to
oth
er h
ealth
ser
vice
s,in
clud
ing
pren
atal
car
e. P
artic
ipat
ion
in W
IC r
educ
es b
y 15
to 2
5%th
e ch
ance
that
a p
regn
ant w
oman
will
del
iver
a p
rem
atur
e or
low
birt
hwei
ght i
nfan
t. E
very
$1
spen
t on
WIC
is e
stim
ated
to s
ave
$3 in
med
ical
cos
ts. T
he g
reat
est c
ost-
savi
ngs
asso
ciat
ed w
ith th
e W
ICpr
ogra
m o
ccur
dur
ing
the
firs
t yea
r of
life
due
to r
educ
ed m
edic
alco
sts.
<>
WIC
incr
ease
s th
e lik
elih
ood
that
wom
en w
ill r
ecei
ve e
arly
, reg
ular
pren
atal
car
e an
d th
at th
eir
child
ren
will
get
reg
ular
ped
iatr
ic c
are
and
imm
uniz
atio
ns. M
othe
rs a
nd c
hild
ren
who
are
poo
r, m
inor
ity, o
rpo
orly
edu
cate
d be
nefi
t mos
t.
<>
WIC
has
bee
n sh
own
to p
rote
ct in
fant
s an
d ch
ildre
n fr
omnu
triti
on-r
elat
ed h
ealth
pro
blem
s du
ring
cri
tical
per
iods
of
grow
th a
ndde
velo
pmen
t. B
y pr
otec
ting
a ch
ild's
cog
nitiv
e de
velo
pmen
t, W
ICre
sults
in s
avin
gs f
or s
peci
al e
duca
tion
that
may
hav
e ot
herw
ise
been
incu
rred
due
to m
alnu
triti
on in
infa
ncy
and
earl
y ch
ildho
od.
73
WO
ME
N A
ND
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
WIC
WO
ME
N, I
NF
AN
TS
, AN
D C
HIL
DR
EN
RE
CE
IVIN
G W
IC, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, JA
NU
AR
Y, 1
995
CIT
Y/T
OW
NE
ST
IMA
TE
DN
UM
BE
R E
LIG
IBLE
NU
MB
ER
PA
RT
ICIP
AT
ING
PE
RC
EN
T O
F E
LIG
IBLE
PA
RT
ICIP
AT
ING
ES
TIM
AT
ED
CIT
Y/T
OW
NN
UM
BE
R E
LIG
IBLE
NU
MB
ER
PE
RC
EN
T O
F E
LIG
IBLE
PA
RT
ICIP
AT
ING
PA
RT
ICIP
AT
ING
Bar
ring
ton
211
6229
Wes
terl
y64
830
948
Bri
stol
403
220
54W
est G
reen
wic
h38
2566
Bur
rillv
ille
427
257
60W
est W
arw
ick
777
535
69
Cen
tral
Fal
ls1,
642
1,30
479
Woo
nsoc
ket
2,56
61,
753
68
Cha
rles
tow
n10
575
71R
hode
Isl
and
32,8
8721
,906
67
Cov
entr
y59
227
847
Cor
e C
ities
20,0
1814
,488
72
Cra
nsto
n1,
753
937
53R
emai
nder
of
Stat
e12
,869
Z41
858
Cum
berl
and
554
209
38
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
241
6326
* E
stim
ates
are
bas
ed o
n 19
90 C
ensu
s, a
nd d
o no
t ref
lect
rec
ent i
ncre
ases
in e
ligib
le p
opul
atio
n.
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
1,20
581
367
Exe
ter
1358
>10
0
Fost
er10
42>
100
Glo
cest
er29
352
18S
OU
RC
E O
F D
AT
A F
OR
TA
BLE
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
Hop
kint
on33
97>
100
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Publ
ic H
ealth
,A
ll da
ta a
re f
rom
the
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
tJa
mes
tow
n96
1718
Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily H
ealth
, WIC
Pro
gram
,of
Hea
lth, D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
Hea
lth, W
ICJa
nuar
y 19
95. C
ore
citie
s ar
e Pr
ovid
ence
,Pa
wtu
cket
, Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
and
prog
ram
, Jan
uary
, 199
5, u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
note
d.Jo
hnst
on59
832
053
Lin
coln
360
159
44C
entr
al F
alls
.St
artin
g Po
ints
: Mee
ting
the
Nee
ds o
f O
ur Y
oung
est
Litt
le C
ompt
on63
1930
Chi
ldre
n, (
1994
), C
arne
gie
Cor
pora
tion:
New
Yor
k, N
YM
iddl
etow
n69
429
342
Nar
raga
nset
t71
105
>10
0'B
eyon
d R
heto
ric:
A N
ew A
mer
ican
Age
nda
for
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
es: F
inal
Rep
ort o
f th
eN
atio
nal C
omm
issi
on o
n C
hild
ren,
(19
91),
New
port
1,33
272
454
New
Sho
reha
m39
00
U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent P
rint
ing
Off
ice:
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n37
024
265
Was
hing
ton
D.C
.N
orth
Pro
vide
nce
262
359
>10
0'St
atem
ent o
n T
he L
ink
Bet
wee
n N
utri
tion
and
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d59
70>
100
Cog
nitiv
e D
evel
opm
ent i
n C
hild
ren,
(19
95),
Paw
tuck
et3,
198
2,55
080
Tuf
ts U
nive
rsity
, Sch
ool o
f N
utri
tion,
Cen
ter
on H
unge
r, P
over
ty a
nd N
utri
tion
Polic
y,M
edfo
rd, M
A.
Port
smou
th24
998
39
Prov
iden
ce11
,280
8,15
772
Ric
hmon
d24
90>
100'
Scitu
ate
7571
95
Smith
fiel
d17
496
55
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n40
225
864
Tiv
erto
n26
014
656
War
ren
156
178
>10
0'W
arw
ick
1,61
386
554
,74
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
3775
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
SC
HO
OL
LUN
CH
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
ing
scho
ol
lunc
h is
the
perc
enta
ge o
f ch
ildre
n
in p
ublic
sch
ools
who
are
elig
ible
for
free
or
redu
ced-
pric
e lu
nche
s, a
ndar
e en
rolle
d in
the
prog
ram
. Hal
f-
day
kind
erga
rten
, pri
vate
sch
ools
and
resi
dent
ial c
hild
car
e ce
nter
s ar
e
not i
nclu
ded
in th
e ca
lcul
atio
ns.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
The
Nat
iona
l Sch
ool L
unch
Prog
ram
is a
n en
title
men
t pro
gram
prov
idin
g nu
triti
ous
mea
ls to
child
ren
at p
artic
ipat
ing
scho
ols.
Mea
ls m
ust m
eet s
peci
fic
nutr
ition
al
requ
irem
ents
in o
rder
to q
ualif
y fo
rfe
dera
l fun
ds.
USD
A r
esea
rch
show
s th
at
child
ren
who
par
ticip
ate
in s
choo
llu
nch
have
bet
ter
nutr
ition
al in
take
than
thos
e w
ho d
o no
t. Fo
r so
me
child
ren,
a s
choo
l mea
l is
thei
r on
ly
nutr
itiou
s m
eal o
f th
e da
y. C
hild
ren
from
low
inco
me
fam
ilies
dep
end
on th
e Sc
hool
Lun
ch P
rogr
am f
oron
e-th
ird
to o
ne-h
alf
of th
eir
76
nutr
ition
al in
take
eac
h da
y.
Und
ernu
triti
on d
urin
g an
ype
riod
of
child
hood
can
hav
e
detr
imen
tal e
ffec
ts o
n a
child
's
cogn
itive
dev
elop
men
t. T
helo
nger
a c
hild
's n
utri
tiona
l and
deve
lopm
enta
l nee
ds g
o un
met
,
the
grea
ter
the
risk
of
cogn
itive
impa
irm
ent.
To
rece
ive
a re
duce
d pr
ice
mea
l,
hous
ehol
d in
com
e m
ust b
e be
low
185%
of
the
fede
ral p
over
ty le
vel.
5,33
3 R
hode
Isl
and
child
ren
rece
ive
redu
ced-
pric
e lu
nch.
For
free
mea
ls, h
ouse
hold
inco
me
mus
t fal
l bel
ow 1
30%
of
pove
rty.
Chi
ldre
n in
foo
d st
amp
or A
FDC
hous
ehol
ds a
re a
utom
atic
ally
elig
ible
for
free
mea
ls. 3
5,73
5 R
hode
Isl
and
child
ren
rece
ive
free
lunc
h.
3819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k I
HE
ALT
H
TH
E S
CH
OO
L B
RE
AK
FA
ST
PR
OG
RA
M
0 T
he S
choo
l Bre
akfa
st P
rogr
am p
rovi
des
fede
ral f
unds
to s
choo
ls to
off
ernu
triti
ous
mea
ls to
stu
dent
s. A
lthou
gh th
e Sc
hool
Bre
akfa
st P
rogr
am is
an
entit
lem
ent p
rogr
am (
mea
ning
fed
eral
fun
ds a
re a
vaila
ble
to p
ay th
eco
st f
or a
ll el
igib
le s
tude
nts)
, it i
s no
t acc
essi
ble
to m
any
child
ren
who
nee
d it
beca
use
it is
not
a m
anda
tory
pro
gram
and
mos
t sch
ool d
istr
icts
do
not o
ffer
it.
0 A
ccor
ding
to T
he F
ood
Res
earc
h an
d A
ctio
n C
ente
r in
Was
hing
ton,
DC
,38
.9%
of
Rho
de I
slan
d's
360
scho
ols
offe
r br
eakf
ast,
wel
l bel
ow th
e na
tiona
lav
erag
e of
64.
2%. R
hode
Isl
and
rank
ed 4
4th
amon
g th
e st
ates
in s
choo
lsof
feri
ng th
e Sc
hool
Bre
akfa
st P
rogr
am.
0 A
n in
crea
sing
num
ber
of s
choo
ls in
Rho
de I
slan
d ar
e pa
rtic
ipat
ing
in th
eSc
hool
Bre
akfa
st P
rogr
am. I
n Se
ptem
ber
of 1
994,
140
sch
ools
wer
e of
feri
ngbr
eakf
ast,
up f
rom
119
the
prev
ious
yea
r.
0 A
ccor
ding
to th
e C
ente
r on
Hun
ger,
Pov
erty
and
Nut
ritio
n Po
licy
at T
ufts
Uni
vers
ity, c
hild
ren
who
par
ticip
ate
in th
e Sc
hool
Bre
akfa
st P
rogr
am h
ave
been
show
n to
impr
ove
in th
e ar
eas
of s
tand
ardi
zed
achi
evem
ent t
est s
core
s,at
tend
ance
, and
arr
ivin
g at
sch
ool o
n tim
e.
77
CH
ILD
RE
N R
EC
EIV
ING
SC
HO
OL
LUN
CH
SC
HO
OL
CH
ILD
RE
N E
NR
OLL
ED
IN F
RE
E A
ND
RE
DU
CE
D P
RIC
E L
UN
CH
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
994
SC
HO
OL
DIS
TR
ICT
NU
MB
ER
OF
ST
UD
EN
TS
ELI
GIB
LE F
OR
FR
EE
OR
RE
DU
CE
D P
RIC
EN
UM
BE
RP
ER
CE
NT
NU
MB
ER
OF
SC
HO
OL
DIS
TR
ICT
ST
UD
EN
TS
ELI
GIB
LE F
OR
FR
EE
OR
RE
DU
CE
D P
RIC
EN
UM
BE
RP
ER
CE
NT
I
Bar
ring
ton
2,57
878
3rW
este
rly
2,94
755
119
Bri
stol
-War
ren
3,77
486
123
Wes
t War
wic
k3,
716
951
26B
urri
llvill
e2,
768
618
22W
oons
ocke
t5,
817
3,04
452
Cen
tral
Fal
ls2,
528
2,22
388
Rho
de I
slan
d13
4,08
341
,068
31C
hari
ho3,
341
445
13C
ore
Citi
es40
,967
26,0
2064
Cov
entr
y5,
065
753
15R
emai
nder
of
Stat
e93
,116
15,0
4816
Cra
nsto
n9,
248
1,91
521
Cum
berl
and
4,22
045
611
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
1,98
417
19
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LER
EF
ER
EN
CE
S F
OR
IND
ICA
TO
R
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
5,67
61,
740
31R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
lem
enta
ry a
ndA
ll da
ta a
re f
rom
the
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
tE
xete
r-W
. Gre
enw
ich
1,65
522
414
Seco
ndar
y E
duca
tion,
Off
ice
of S
choo
l Foo
dof
Ele
men
tary
and
Sec
onda
ry E
duca
tion,
Off
ice
Fost
er32
955
17Se
rvic
es, F
all,
1994
. Cor
e ci
ties
are
of S
choo
l Foo
d Se
rvic
es, u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
note
d.Pr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rtan
d C
entr
al F
alls
.St
atem
ent o
n T
he L
ink
Bet
wee
n N
utri
tion
and
Fost
er-G
loce
ster
1,30
310
18
Glo
cest
er76
111
115
Cog
nitiv
e D
evel
opm
ent i
n C
hild
ren,
(19
95),
Tuf
ts U
nive
rsity
, Sch
ool o
f N
utri
tion,
Cen
ter
on H
unge
r, P
over
ty a
nd N
utri
tion
Polic
y,M
edfo
rd, M
A.
Jam
esto
wn
513
357
John
ston
2,97
443
515
Lin
coln
2,69
226
510
Scho
ol B
reak
fast
Sco
reca
rd, O
ctob
er 1
993,
(19
93),
Food
Res
earc
h an
d A
ctio
n C
ente
r,W
ashi
ngto
n D
C.
Litt
le C
ompt
on33
044
13
Mid
dlet
own
2,76
152
119
Nar
raga
nset
t1,
778
234
13
New
port
2,98
51,
112
37
New
Sho
reha
m10
76
6
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n3,
919
466
12
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e3,
323
376
11
L N
orth
Sm
ithfi
eld
1,58
914
29
Paw
tuck
et8,
305
3,90
047
LPo
rtsm
outh
2,49
919
58
Prov
iden
ce21
,332
15,7
4174
Jr S
citu
ate
1,48
410
07
Smith
fiel
d2,
475
201
8
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n3,
395
450
137
Tiv
erto
n1,
928
-33
317
War
wic
k11
,251
1,92
017
78.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
39
CH
ILD
RE
N W
ITH
LE
AD
PO
ISO
NIN
G
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ldre
n w
ith le
ad p
oiso
ning
is
the
rate
of
conf
irm
ed le
ad p
oiso
ning
as o
f Se
ptem
ber
30, 1
994
per
1,00
0ch
ildre
n ag
e th
ree,
elig
ible
to e
nter
kind
erga
rten
in th
e Fa
ll of
199
6 (i
.e.
born
bet
wee
n Se
ptem
ber
1, 1
990
and
Aug
ust 3
1, 1
991)
.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Chi
ldho
od le
ad p
oiso
ning
is o
ne
of th
e m
ost c
omm
on p
edia
tric
hea
lthpr
oble
ms
and
is e
ntir
ely
prev
enta
ble.
Infa
nts
and
youn
g ch
ildre
n ar
e m
ost
susc
eptib
le to
the
toxi
c ef
fect
s of
lead
.
Lea
d's
effe
cts
on th
e de
velo
ping
cent
ral n
ervo
us s
yste
m m
ay b
e
irre
vers
ible
. Eve
n lo
w le
vels
of
lead
expo
sure
can
res
ult i
n le
arni
ng
disa
bilit
ies,
beh
avio
ral p
robl
ems
and
low
er I
.Q. H
ighe
r le
vels
of
lead
expo
sure
can
res
ult i
n se
riou
s he
alth
prob
lem
s an
d ca
n le
ad to
com
a,co
nvul
sion
s an
d de
ath.
80
Whi
le c
hild
ren
of a
ll ba
ck-
grou
nds
are
at r
isk,
low
-inc
ome
child
ren
and
child
ren
of c
olor
are
part
icul
arly
like
ly to
be
affe
cted
by
lead
poi
soni
ng. I
nade
quat
e nu
triti
onan
d an
emia
, mor
e co
mm
on in
poo
rch
ildre
n, in
crea
se a
chi
ld's
sus
cep-
tibili
ty to
lead
poi
soni
ng. L
ead-
base
d pa
int a
nd le
ad-c
onta
min
ated
dust
s an
d so
ils r
emai
n th
e pr
imar
y
sour
ces
of le
ad e
xpos
ure
for
child
ren.
Liv
ing
in s
ubst
anda
rd
hous
ing
plac
es c
hild
ren
at r
isk
for
lead
poi
soni
ng.
4019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /H
EA
LTH
LEA
D P
OIS
ON
ING
OF
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D'S
CH
ILD
RE
N
0 U
nive
rsal
scr
eeni
ng o
f al
l chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6 an
d m
edic
altr
eatm
ent o
f le
ad-p
oiso
ned
child
ren
rem
ain
criti
cally
impo
rtan
tun
til th
e en
viro
nmen
tal s
ourc
es m
ost l
ikel
y to
poi
son
child
ren
are
elim
inat
ed.
0 A
lmos
t 1,0
00 c
hild
ren
elig
ible
to e
nter
kin
derg
arte
n in
the
Fall
of19
96 h
ad b
een
conf
irm
ed w
ith le
ad p
oiso
ning
by
Sept
embe
r 30
, 199
4.E
ight
y pe
rcen
t of
thes
e ch
ildre
n liv
e in
the
core
citi
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
,Pa
wtu
cket
, Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls. T
hey
are
atsi
gnif
ican
tly in
crea
sed
risk
of
beha
vior
al d
isor
ders
, lea
rnin
g di
sabi
litie
san
d de
crea
sed
inte
llige
nce.
0 T
his
estim
ate
of th
e nu
mbe
r of
lead
-poi
sone
d ch
ildre
n ag
e 3,
elig
ible
to e
nter
the
1996
kin
derg
arte
n cl
ass,
is a
n un
derc
ount
. Onl
y52
% o
f al
l chi
ldre
n w
ith e
leva
ted
bloo
d le
ad le
vels
on
initi
al s
cree
ning
have
yet
had
the
repe
at b
lood
test
nee
ded
to c
onfi
rm th
e di
agno
sis
of le
ad p
oiso
ning
. It i
s lik
ely
that
som
e of
thes
e ch
ildre
n ha
ve le
adpo
ison
ing.
Si
CH
ILD
RE
N W
ITH
LE
AD
PO
ISO
NIN
GLE
AD
PO
ISO
NIN
G IN
CH
ILD
RE
N E
NT
ER
ING
KIN
DE
RG
AR
TE
N IN
TH
E F
ALL
OF
199
6
CIT
Y/T
OW
NT
OT
AL
NU
MB
ER
1990
-199
1 B
IRT
HS
NU
MB
ER
SC
RE
EN
ED
SC
RE
EN
ED
PO
SIT
IVE
FO
R L
EA
D P
OIS
ON
ING
CO
NF
IRM
ED
PO
ISO
NIN
GN
UM
BE
R%
WIT
H C
ON
FIR
MA
TIO
N T
ES
TN
UM
BE
RR
AT
E/1
000
Bar
ring
ton
190
259
40
00
Bri
stol
289
289
1225
310
.4B
urri
llvill
e19
717
611
273
17.0
Cen
tral
Fal
ls40
644
610
440
4191
.9C
harl
esto
wn
113
923
331
10.9
Cov
entr
y41
024
811
91
0
Cra
nsto
n92
679
362
2917
21.4
Cum
berl
and
358
310
2232
722
.6E
ast G
reen
wic
h12
393
250
10.7
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
624
626
43'
124
6.4
Exe
ter
7257
50
00
Fost
er63
552
501
18.2
Glo
cest
er10
689
825
111
.2
Hop
kint
on11
980
425
112
.5
Jam
esto
wn
5866
60
00
John
ston
381
288
1828
617
.4L
inco
ln24
219
210
202
10.4
\ Litt
le C
ompt
on38
453
00
0M
iddl
etow
n29
024
58
383
12.2
Nar
raga
nset
t.
171
193
1421
315
.5
New
port
425
486
3333
918
.5N
ew S
hore
ham
1226
20.
00
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n32
230
810
303
9.7
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e40
731
824
297
22.0
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d11
382
450
00
Paw
tuck
et1,
204
1,27
815
543
6550
.9Po
rtsm
outh
223
211
40
00
Prov
iden
ce3,
220
3,76
696
559
573
152.
2R
ichm
ond
8182
922
224
.4Sc
ituat
e13
010
45
00
0
Smith
fiel
d19
917
07
433
17.6
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n27
435
129
175
14.2
Tiv
erto
n15
818
27
433
16.5
War
ren
169
165
729
212
.1
War
wic
k1,
130
745
4641
1824
.2
Wes
terl
y35
618
213
546
33.0
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
4942
250
123
.8W
est W
arw
ick
460
229
2055
626
.2W
oons
ocke
t
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
746
14,8
47
6,00
1
8,84
6
918
14,8
55
4894
7,96
1
127
1,95
3
1,38
4
569
38 52 53 34
46 929*
734
111
50.1
62.5
122.
3
12.5
* In
84
of th
ese
case
s to
wn
of r
esid
ence
is u
nkno
wn,
thes
e ar
e no
t inc
lude
d in
the c
ity/to
wn
listin
g.
NO
TE
S O
N T
AB
LE
Est
imat
ed n
umbe
r of
chi
ldre
n
ente
ring
sch
ool i
n th
e Fa
ll of
199
6
(bor
n be
twee
n 9/
1/90
and
8/3
1/91
);nu
mbe
r sc
reen
ed f
or le
ad p
oiso
ning
as o
f Se
ptem
ber
30, 1
994;
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
with
ele
vate
d bl
ood
leve
ls (
>14
ug/d
L);
perc
ent o
fch
ildre
n w
ith e
leva
ted
bloo
d le
vels
who
obt
aine
d a
conf
irm
atio
n te
st;
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
with
con
firm
ed
lead
poi
soni
ng (
>14
ug/d
L);
rat
e of
conf
irm
ed le
ad p
oiso
ning
per
1,00
0ch
ildre
n bo
rn b
etw
een
9/1/
90
and
8/31
/91,
Rho
de I
slan
d,
Sept
embe
r 30
, 199
4.
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t Hea
lth, D
ivis
ion
ofFa
mily
Hea
lth, S
epte
mbe
r 30
, 199
4. C
ore
citie
s ar
e Pr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t,N
ewpo
rt a
nd C
entr
al F
alls
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
, Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily H
ealth
, unl
ess
othe
rwis
e no
ted.
Prev
entin
g L
ead
Pois
onin
g in
You
ng C
hild
ren:
ASt
atem
ent b
y th
e C
ente
rs f
or D
isea
se C
ontr
ol,
(199
1), U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
ndH
uman
Ser
vice
s: W
ashi
ngto
n D
.C.
Am
eric
a's
Chi
ldre
n A
t Ris
k: A
Nat
iona
l Age
nda
for
Leg
al A
ctio
n, (
1993
), A
mer
ican
Bar
Ass
ocia
tion:
Chi
cago
, IL
.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
41
AD
DIT
ION
AL
CH
ILD
RE
N'S
HE
ALT
H IS
SU
ES
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T is
ded
icat
ed to
pro
vidi
ng a
com
preh
ensi
vepr
ofile
of
the
wel
l-be
ing
of c
hild
ren
in R
hode
Isl
and.
How
ever
, the
re a
reso
me
impo
rtan
t iss
ues
affe
ctin
g ch
ildre
n fo
r w
hich
ther
e is
a la
ck o
f av
aila
ble
city
and
tow
n da
ta. S
ome
of th
ese
criti
cal h
ealth
issu
es a
re a
s fo
llow
s:
AC
CE
SS
TO
DE
NT
AL
CA
RE
Chi
ldre
n w
ho g
o w
ithou
tde
ntal
car
e or
who
rec
eive
an
inad
equa
te le
vel o
f de
ntal
car
e ca
n
deve
lop
long
-ter
m o
ral h
ealth
prob
lem
s an
d ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
expe
rien
ce d
enta
l con
ditio
ns th
atre
quir
e em
erge
ncy
trea
tmen
t.
Chr
onic
den
tal p
robl
ems
can
lead
to a
poo
r se
lf-i
mag
e, a
lack
of
conc
entr
atio
n, a
bsen
teei
sm a
nd
redu
ced
scho
ol p
erfo
rman
ce.
Acc
ess
to d
enta
l car
e is
a m
ajor
obst
acle
con
fron
ting
child
ren
from
poor
, wor
king
poo
r an
d un
insu
red
fam
ilies
. The
re is
a s
hort
age
of
priv
ate
prov
ider
s w
illin
g to
acc
ept
Med
ical
Ass
ista
nce
patie
nts
due
toth
e lo
w le
vel o
f re
imbu
rsem
ent f
or
serv
ices
. Onl
y th
ree
com
mun
ity
heal
th c
ente
rs in
the
stat
e pr
ovid
ede
ntal
car
e; a
ll ha
ve w
aitin
g lis
ts o
f
up to
a y
ear
for
new
pat
ient
s.Pr
ogra
ms
such
as
Hea
d St
art,
Don
ated
Den
tal S
ervi
ces
of R
hode
Isla
nd (
for
disa
bled
chi
ldre
n),
Tra
vele
rs A
id's
pro
gram
for
hom
eles
s
teen
s, a
targ
eted
sch
ool-
base
d
seal
ant p
rogr
am, a
nd a
new
clin
ic a
t
St. J
osep
h H
ospi
tal h
elp
to in
crea
se
acce
ss. H
owev
er, c
hild
ren'
s un
met
need
s fo
r de
ntal
car
e ar
e su
bsta
ntia
l.
In P
rovi
denc
e al
one
it is
est
imat
ed
that
16,
000
child
ren
do n
ot h
ave
adeq
uate
den
tal c
are.
RE
FE
RE
NC
E
Hea
lth C
are,
(Su
mm
er/F
all 1
993)
, The
Cen
ter
for
the
Futu
re o
f C
hild
ren,
Pac
kard
Fou
ndat
ion:
Los
Ang
eles
, CA
8442
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
/H
EA
LTH
CH
ILD
HO
OD
IMM
UN
IZA
TIO
NS
Chi
ldre
n ne
ed to
be
imm
uniz
ed
on s
ched
ule
to g
uard
aga
inst
a
vari
ety
of p
reve
ntab
le il
lnes
ses.
It i
s
estim
ated
that
eve
ry d
olla
r sp
ent o
n
imm
uniz
atio
n sa
ves
ten
dolla
rs in
late
r m
edic
al c
osts
. Eff
orts
are
unde
rway
in c
omm
uniti
es a
cros
s th
e
coun
try
to in
crea
se th
e nu
mbe
r of
fully
-im
mun
ized
chi
ldre
n th
roug
h
neig
hbor
hood
out
reac
h pr
ogra
ms
that
com
mun
icat
e di
rect
ly w
ithpa
rent
s an
d pr
ovid
e ea
sy a
cces
s to
imm
uniz
atio
n si
tes.
Nat
iona
lly, o
nly
55%
of
all t
wo-
year
-old
s w
ere
imm
uniz
ed a
ccor
ding
to th
e re
com
men
ded
sche
dule
.R
hode
Isl
and'
s im
mun
izat
ion
rate
exce
eds
the
natio
nal a
vera
ge. S
ixty
-
nine
per
cent
of
Rho
de I
slan
dch
ildre
n ar
e fu
lly im
mun
ized
by
24
mon
ths
of a
ge. R
etro
spec
tive
surv
eys
cond
ucte
d by
the
RI
Dep
artm
ent o
fH
ealth
rev
eal s
igni
fica
nt d
iscr
epan
-
cies
in th
e co
mpl
eten
ess
of im
mun
i-
zatio
ns b
etw
een
child
ren
in h
igh
risk
com
mun
ities
and
the
rest
of
the
stat
e*. T
hese
dis
crep
anci
es a
ppea
r as
earl
y as
thre
e m
onth
s of
age
, wid
en
by s
even
mon
ths
and
pers
ist
thro
ugho
ut th
e fi
rst t
wo
year
s. I
n19
93, o
nly
one
thir
d of
chi
ldre
n in
the
stat
e's
high
ris
k co
mm
uniti
es
wer
e fu
lly im
mun
ized
by
19 m
onth
sof
age
. By
24 m
onth
s, th
e ra
te in
thes
e co
mm
uniti
es r
each
ed
56%
still
wel
l bel
ow th
e
90%
goa
l.
*The
hig
h ri
sk c
omm
uniti
es id
entif
ied
by th
e
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
for
the
Ret
rosp
ectiv
e
Stud
y w
ere:
Cen
tral
Fal
ls, E
ast P
rovi
denc
e,
New
port
, Paw
tuck
et, P
rovi
denc
e, a
nd
Woo
nsoc
ket.
RE
FE
RE
NC
E
Star
ting
Poin
ts: M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
tC
hild
ren,
(19
94),
Car
negi
e C
orpo
ratio
n:N
ew Y
ork,
NY
85
AD
DIT
ION
AL
CH
ILD
RE
N'S
HE
ALT
H IS
SU
ES
CH
ILD
RE
N W
ITH
OU
T H
EA
LTH
INS
UR
AN
CE
Acc
ess
to p
rim
ary
heal
th c
are,
incl
udin
g pr
even
tive
care
(w
ell-
child
visi
ts)
and
com
preh
ensi
ve tr
eatm
ent
for
seri
ous
illne
sses
and
inju
ries
is
vita
l to
ever
y ch
ild's
hea
lthy
grow
th
and
deve
lopm
ent.
Uni
nsur
ed
child
ren'
s la
ck o
f ac
cess
to p
rim
ary
care
lead
s to
hea
lth p
robl
ems
that
can
seve
rely
com
prom
ise
thei
r lo
ng-
term
hea
lth a
nd d
evel
opm
ent.
An
estim
ated
7.5
% o
f R
hode
Isl
and'
sch
ildre
n ar
e un
insu
red.
Fam
ily in
com
e an
d a
pare
nt's
empl
oym
ent s
tatu
s ar
e th
e m
ost
impo
rtan
t fac
tors
det
erm
inin
gw
heth
er c
hild
ren
have
hea
lth c
are
cove
rage
and
the
type
of
cove
rage
they
hav
e. M
any
low
-inc
ome
child
ren
who
se f
amili
es d
o no
t
qual
ify
for
Med
icai
d ar
e un
insu
red
eith
er b
ecau
se th
e pa
rent
's e
mpl
oyer
does
not
off
er f
amily
ben
efits
or
beca
use
low
wag
es p
recl
ude
mon
thly
86
co-p
aym
ents
for
the
mor
e ex
pens
ive
fam
ily c
over
age
plan
s. O
ther
child
ren
who
se p
aren
t's c
ycle
in a
nd
out o
f se
ason
al w
ork
are
cove
red
for
only
a p
ortio
n of
the
year
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
E
Car
ing
Pres
crip
tions
: Com
preh
ensi
ve H
ealth
Car
eSt
rate
gies
for
You
ng C
hild
ren
in P
over
ty,
(199
3), N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
r C
hild
ren
inPo
vert
y, C
olum
bia
Uni
vers
ity: N
ew Y
ork,
NY
.
KID
S C
OU
NT
Dat
a B
ook
1995
: Sta
te P
rofi
les
ofC
hild
Wel
l-B
eing
, (19
94),
Ann
ie E
. Cas
eyFo
unda
tion:
Bal
timor
e, M
D.
CH
ILD
RE
N'S
ME
NT
AL
HE
ALT
H
Chi
ldre
n's
emot
iona
l wel
l-be
ing
is e
ssen
tial t
o th
eir
grow
th a
nd
deve
lopm
ent.
An
estim
ated
12
eo
15 p
erce
nt o
f A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n
suff
er f
rom
men
tal d
isor
ders
. Whi
le
the
mos
t fre
quen
t dis
orde
rs tr
eate
din
clud
e hy
pera
ctiv
ity, a
ttent
ion
defi
cit d
isor
der
and
othe
r co
nduc
t
diso
rder
s, m
ore
than
5 p
erce
nt o
fsc
hool
-age
chi
ldre
n an
d ad
oles
cent
s
suff
er f
rom
dep
ress
ion
and
anxi
ety
prob
lem
s. 7
0% o
f ch
ildre
n w
ithdi
sord
ers
do n
ot a
cces
s m
enta
l
heal
th s
ervi
ces.
In R
hode
Isl
and,
the
eigh
tC
omm
unity
Men
tal H
ealth
Cen
ters
prov
ided
ser
vice
s to
a to
tal o
f 3,
729
child
ren
and
yout
h du
ring
the
1993
-94
fisc
al y
ear.
Bra
dley
Hos
pita
l, R
hode
Isl
and'
s la
rges
t
psyc
hiat
ric
cent
er f
or c
hild
ren
and
adol
esce
nts
adm
itted
548
chi
ldre
nan
d yo
uth
to it
s ho
spita
l pro
gram
s
for
the
trea
tmen
t of
emot
iona
l
diso
rder
s in
199
4.
Men
tal h
ealth
pro
fess
iona
ls a
re
emph
asiz
ing
earl
y in
terv
entio
n in
orde
r to
kee
p ch
ildre
n's
emot
iona
l
prob
lem
s fr
om in
tens
ifyi
ng. T
he
Chi
ld a
nd A
dole
scen
t Ser
vice
s
Syst
em P
rogr
am (
CA
SSP)
was
esta
blis
hed
by th
e N
atio
nal I
nstit
ute
of M
enta
l Hea
lth in
198
4 to
pro
mot
elo
cal s
yste
ms
of c
are
that
are
fam
ily-
focu
sed,
mul
ti-di
scip
linar
y an
d ta
ilor
supp
ort s
ervi
ces
to m
eet t
he
indi
vidu
al n
eeds
of
the
child
and
fam
ily. T
he C
ASS
P ha
s ge
nera
lly
resu
lted
in f
ewer
chi
ldre
n pl
aced
in
inst
itutio
nal o
r re
side
ntia
l tre
atm
ent
setti
ngs
or s
hort
er s
tays
for
the
child
ren
who
are
pla
ced.
RE
FE
RE
NC
E
Bey
ond
Rhe
tori
c: A
New
Am
eric
an A
gend
a fo
rC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ilies
: Fin
al R
epor
t of
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Chi
ldre
n, (
1991
),U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e:W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
43
88
4419
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k
)-IP
M F
irst
you
r 25
re4n
4s
With
in y
our
hear
t
?<ce
p on
e sa
te, s
eere
t spo
t
ther
e at
re4n
4s n
uiy
go,
Ano
t site
eter
eot
744,
./y th
rive
4no
i gro
tir
Wer
e A
on6t
ana
l f e
ar a
re n
ot.
(94,
/Cup
4 p
eite
e 4p
4rt
1,17
it&n
your
hea
rt,
Ford
sitte
e oi
re4n
4s to
go.
Lou
ise
25r4
eoe(
89
I
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
2.3%
N
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ld d
eath
s is
the
num
ber
of
deat
hs f
rom
all
caus
es to
chi
ldre
n
ages
1 to
14,
per
100
,000
chi
ldre
n.
The
dat
a ar
e re
port
ed b
y pl
ace
of
resi
denc
e, n
ot p
lace
of
deat
h.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
The
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e is
are
flec
tion
of th
e ph
ysic
al h
ealth
of
child
ren,
the
dang
ers
to w
hich
child
ren
are
expo
sed
at h
ome
and
in th
e co
mm
unity
, and
the
leve
l of
adul
t sup
ervi
sion
chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
e.
Med
ical
adv
ance
s in
the
prev
entio
n an
d tr
eatm
ent o
fch
ildho
od il
lnes
ses
have
led
to a
redu
ctio
n in
chi
ld d
eath
due
toill
ness
. How
ever
, the
per
cent
age
of
mor
talit
y du
e to
inju
ry h
as s
tead
ily
incr
ease
d.
In th
e U
.S. a
nd in
Rho
de I
slan
d,
inju
ry is
the
lead
ing
caus
e of
dea
tham
ong
child
ren
ages
1 to
14.
Of
the
217
child
dea
ths
in R
hode
Isla
nd b
etw
een
1987
and
199
1,45
% w
ere
due
to e
ither
inte
ntio
nal
or u
nint
entio
nal i
njur
ies.
The
thre
ele
adin
g ca
uses
of
inju
ry d
eath
s fo
r
child
ren
ages
1 to
14
wer
e
hom
icid
e, m
otor
veh
icle
col
lisio
ns,
and
drow
ning
.
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
BY
ALL
CA
US
ES
,C
HIL
DR
EN
AG
ES
1 T
O 1
4,R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 198
7 19
91
7.4%
Hom
icid
e
2.3%
Suic
ide
35.5
%U
nint
entio
nal I
njur
ies
54.8
%Il
lnes
s
CA
US
E O
F IN
JUR
Y D
EA
TH
S, C
HIL
DR
EN
AG
ES
1 T
O 1
4,R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 198
7 19
91
1615
13
11
98
55
8
4
22
92
4619
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k / S
AFE
TY
(n=
217)
Q.
'cA
O 0
<7
<fr
o
,..%
,<
47 teA
ir41
,940
4,0
6C...,,, 61Q
,P k'
Cau
se o
f In
jury
(n=
98)
93
041'
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
987-
1991
CIT
Y/T
OW
NN
UM
BE
R O
F C
HIL
DR
EN
AG
ES
1-1
4C
HIL
DD
EA
TH
SR
AT
E P
ER
100,
000
Bar
ring
ton
3,13
95
31.8
Bri
stol
3,40
53
17.6
Bur
rillv
ille
3,58
63
16.7
Cen
tral
Fal
ls3,
860
736
.3
Cha
rles
tow
n1,
291
231
.0
Cov
entr
y6,
009
723
.3
Cra
nsto
n11
,501
1322
.6
Cum
berl
and
5,06
45
19.7
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
2,29
00
0
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
8,43
26
14.2
Exe
ter
1,20
90
0
Fost
er94
90
0
Glo
cest
er2,
029
19.
9
Hop
kint
on1,
489
340
.3
Jam
esto
wn
897
122
.3
John
ston
4,16
72
9.6
Lin
coln
3,05
33
19.6
Litt
le C
ompt
on58
62
68.2
Mid
dlet
own
3,80
64
21.0
Nar
raga
nset
t2,
278
00
New
port
4,54
67
30.8
New
Sho
reha
m13
51
148.
1
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n4,
854
416
.5
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e4,
323
313
.9
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d1,
784
00
Paw
tuck
et13
,099
1726
.0
Port
smou
th3,
263
318
.4
Prov
iden
ce30
,219
6442
.4
Ric
hmon
d1,
269
231
.5
Scitu
ate
1,87
83
31.9
Smith
fiel
d3,
103
16.
4
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n3,
836
15.
2
Tiv
erto
n2,
428
18.
2
War
ren
1,92
20
0
War
wic
k14
,376
2230
.6
94
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
CIT
Y/T
OW
NN
UM
BE
R O
F C
HIL
DR
EN
AG
ES
1-1
4C
HIL
DD
EA
TH
SR
AT
E P
ER
100,
000
Wes
terl
y4,
006
525
.0
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
727
00
Wes
t War
wic
k5,
168
831
.0
Woo
nsoc
ket
8,46
28
18.9
Rho
de I
slan
d17
8,43
821
724
.3C
ore
Citi
es60
,186
103
34.2
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
118,
252
114
19.2
NO
TE
S O
N T
AB
LE
Bec
ause
nea
rly
all c
ities
hav
e a
low
num
ber
of d
eath
s, th
e de
ath
rate
s ar
e
high
ly v
aria
ble.
Citi
es s
houl
d no
t be
com
pare
d.
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, O
ffic
e of
Hea
lth S
tatis
tics,
198
7 to
199
1. C
ore
citie
sar
e Pr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t,N
ewpo
rt a
nd C
entr
al F
alls
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
, Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tistic
s, u
nles
s ot
h-er
wis
e no
ted.
A D
ata
Boo
k of
Chi
ld a
nd A
dole
scen
t Inj
ury
(199
1), C
hild
ren'
s Sa
fety
Net
wor
k: W
ashi
ngto
n,D
C.
Los
ing
Gen
erat
ions
: Ado
lesc
ents
in H
igh
Ris
kSe
tting
s (1
993)
, Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y Pr
ess:
Was
hing
ton,
DC
.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
47
TE
EN
DE
AT
HS
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Tee
n de
aths
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
deat
hs f
rom
all
caus
es to
teen
s ag
es
15 to
19,
per
100
,000
teen
s. T
heda
ta a
re r
epor
ted
by p
lace
of
resi
denc
e, n
ot p
lace
of
deat
h.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Tra
nsiti
on to
adu
lthoo
d in
crea
ses
risk
s to
teen
s' h
ealth
and
saf
ety.
Fact
ors
cont
ribu
ting
to te
en d
eath
sin
clud
e ri
sk-t
akin
g be
havi
or a
nd th
e
use
of a
lcoh
ol a
nd d
rugs
.
The
thre
e le
adin
g ca
uses
of
all
inju
ry d
eath
s to
teen
s in
Rho
deIs
land
bet
wee
n 19
87 a
nd 1
991
wer
e
mot
or v
ehic
le c
ollis
ions
, sui
cide
,
and
hom
icid
e.
The
Ann
ie E
. Cas
ey F
ound
atio
n
repo
rts
that
whi
le th
e ra
te o
f te
en
deat
hs d
ue to
uni
nten
tiona
l inj
ury,
hom
icid
e, a
nd s
uici
de in
crea
sed
natio
nally
bet
wee
n 19
85 a
nd 1
992,
Rho
de I
slan
d's
rate
dec
reas
ed 1
2%.
96
TE
EN
DE
AT
HS
BY
ALL
CA
US
ES
,T
EE
NS
AG
ES
15
TO
19,
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D,
1987
199
1
47.8
%U
nint
entio
nal I
njur
ies
23.1
%Il
lnes
ses
16.5
%Su
icid
e
12.6
%H
omic
ide
(n=
182)
4819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k / S
AFE
TY
GU
NS
AN
D R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
YO
UT
H
0 Fr
om 1
987
to 1
991,
ther
e w
ere
23 g
un d
eath
s am
ong
teen
s ag
es 1
5 to
19.
Figu
res
for
1992
thro
ugh
1995
are
not
yet
ava
ilabl
e.
<>
Fro
m M
arch
, 198
7 to
Oct
ober
, 199
2, 7
4 ch
ildre
n w
ere
hosp
italiz
ed w
ithgu
nsho
t wou
nds.
Of
thes
e, 3
3 w
ere
inte
ntio
nal i
njur
ies,
22
wer
e un
inte
ntio
nal
inju
ries
, and
19
wer
e of
und
eter
min
ed in
tent
ion.
Tw
o-th
irds
of
the
vict
ims
lived
in P
rovi
denc
e, P
awtu
cket
, Cen
tral
Fal
ls, a
nd W
oons
ocke
t.
<>
Of
the
child
ren
hosp
italiz
ed w
ith g
unsh
ot w
ound
s, th
ree
wer
e yo
unge
r th
anag
e 6,
thre
e w
ere
betw
een
ages
6 a
nd 1
1, a
nd 6
8 w
ere
ages
12
to 1
8.
50
CA
US
E O
F IN
JUR
Y D
EA
TH
S, T
EE
NS
AG
ES
15
TO
19,
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
987
1991
30
23
1110
75
4
oN
I.*
-.r
4c
41
is0
4.*
q44
47
Cau
se o
f In
jury
(n=
140)
97
QO
O
TE
EN
DE
AT
HS
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
987-
1991
CIT
Y/T
OW
NN
UM
BE
R O
F T
EE
NS
AG
ES
15-
19T
EE
ND
EA
TH
SR
AT
E P
ER
100,
000
Bar
ring
ton
1,00
40
0
Bri
stol
1,94
14
41.2
Bur
rillv
ille
1,13
23
53.0
Cen
tral
Fal
ls1,
148
469
.7C
harl
esto
wn
328
212
2.0
Cov
entr
y2,
139
874
.8C
rans
ton
4,26
514
65.6
Cum
berl
and
1,81
44
44.1
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
808
00
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
2,92
66
41.0
Exe
ter
350
211
4.3
Fost
er28
92
138.
4G
loce
ster
707
411
3.1
Hop
kint
on45
81
43.7
Jam
esto
wn
284
170
.4
John
ston
1,53
22
26.1
Lin
coln
1,10
82
36.1
Litt
le C
ompt
on20
21
99.0
Mid
dlet
own
1,13
02
35.4
Nar
raga
nset
t78
20
0
New
port
2,22
88
71.8
New
Sho
reha
m25
00
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n1,
594
450
.2N
orth
Pro
vide
nce
1,74
14
46.0
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d72
20
0
Paw
tuck
et4,
487
626
.7Po
rtsm
outh
1,06
22
37.7
Prov
iden
ce14
,583
5068
.6R
ichm
ond
363
211
0.2
Scitu
ate
686
00
Smith
fiel
d1,
848
332
.5
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n4,
060
629
.5T
iver
ton
1,00
41
19.9
War
ren
624
264
.1
War
wic
k5,
258
1245
.6
98
TE
EN
DE
AT
HS
CIT
Y/T
OW
NN
UM
BE
R O
F T
EE
NS
AG
ES
15-
19T
EE
ND
EA
TH
SR
AT
E P
ER
100,
000
Wes
terl
y1,
230
581
.3W
est G
reen
wic
h25
92
154.
4
Wes
t War
wic
k1,
798
666
.7W
oons
ocke
t2,
942
747
.6R
hode
Isl
and
70,8
6218
251
.4C
ore
Citi
es25
,388
7559
.1.
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
45,4
7410
747
.1
NO
TE
S O
N T
AB
LE
Bec
ause
nea
rly
all c
ities
hav
e a
low
num
ber
of d
eath
s, th
e de
ath
rate
s ar
e hi
ghly
var
iabl
e. C
ities
shou
ld n
ot b
e co
mpa
red.
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Rho
de I
slan
d D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, O
ffic
e of
Hea
lth S
tatis
tics,
198
7-19
91. C
ore
citie
s ar
ePr
ovid
ence
, Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rtan
d C
entr
al F
alls
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
, Off
ice
of H
elth
Sta
tistic
s, 1
987-
1991
, unl
ess
othe
rwis
e no
ted.
Los
ing
Gen
erat
ions
: Ado
lesc
ents
in H
igh
Ris
k
Setti
ngs,
(19
93),
Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y Pr
ess:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
A D
ata
Boo
k of
Chi
ld a
nd A
dole
scen
t Inj
ury,
(199
1), C
hild
ren'
s Sa
fety
Net
wor
k:.
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Bey
ond
Rhe
tori
c: A
New
Am
eric
an A
gend
a fo
rC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ilies
, Fin
al R
epor
t of
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Chi
ldre
n (1
991)
,U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e:W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
49
JUV
EN
ILE
S R
EF
ER
RE
D T
O F
AM
ILY
CO
UR
T
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Juve
nile
s re
ferr
ed to
Fam
ily
Cou
rt is
the
perc
enta
ge o
f ju
veni
les
ages
10
to 1
7 re
ferr
ed to
Rho
deIs
land
Fam
ily C
ourt
for
all
way
war
d/de
linqu
ent o
ffen
ses.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
The
Rho
de I
slan
d Fa
mily
Cou
rt
has
juri
sdic
tion
over
all
juve
nile
offe
nder
s re
ferr
ed f
or c
ourt
act
ion.
(Thi
s do
es n
ot in
clud
e in
stan
ces
in
whi
ch lo
cal l
aw e
nfor
cem
ent a
genc
ies
refe
r a
juve
nile
to a
you
th
dive
rsio
nary
pro
gram
or
a ci
ty o
r
tow
n ju
veni
le h
eari
ng b
oard
.) A
ll
refe
rral
s to
Fam
ily C
ourt
are
fro
m
the
stat
e an
d lo
cal p
olic
e de
part
men
ts
exce
pt f
or tr
uanc
y ca
ses
whi
ch a
re
refe
rred
by
loca
l sch
ool d
epar
tmen
ts.
Ris
k fa
ctor
s as
soci
ated
with
yout
h in
volv
emen
t in
crim
e an
d
delin
quen
cy in
clud
e po
vert
y, la
ck
of e
duca
tiona
l and
job
trai
ning
oppo
rtun
ities
, fam
ily v
iole
nce,
inst
abili
ty a
nd a
lack
of
supe
rvis
ion.
In R
hode
Isl
and
in 1
994,
94 p
erce
nt o
f ju
veni
le o
ffen
ses
refe
rred
to F
amily
Cou
rt w
ere
non-
1 0
0
viol
ent o
ffen
ses,
incl
udin
g pr
oper
ty
crim
e, d
isor
derl
y co
nduc
t, dr
ug a
nd
alco
hol-
rela
ted
offe
nses
, and
sta
tus
offe
nses
. Six
per
cent
wer
e vi
olen
t
crim
e of
fens
es.
Bec
ause
one
you
th c
an b
e ch
arge
d
with
mul
tiple
off
ense
s, th
e nu
mbe
r
of o
ffen
ses
refe
rred
to F
amily
Cou
rt
in a
giv
en y
ear
exce
eds
the
num
ber
of
juve
nile
s in
volv
ed b
y m
ore
than
two
to o
ne.
JUV
EN
ILE
WA
YW
AR
D/D
ELI
NQ
UE
NT
OF
FE
NS
ES
RE
FE
RR
ED
TO
FA
MIL
Y C
OU
RT
BY
TY
PE
,R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 199
4
35%
Prop
erty
Off
ense
s
14%
Stat
us O
ffen
ses
13%
Sim
ple
Ass
aults
10%
Oth
er
8%D
isor
derl
y C
ondu
ct
8%D
rug
and
Alc
ohol
6%V
iole
nt C
rim
e O
ffen
ses
3%T
raff
ic C
rim
es
3%W
eapo
ns O
ffen
ses
n =
9,7
66
5019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k / S
AFE
TY
NU
MB
ER
OF
OF
FE
NS
ES
AN
D N
UM
BE
R O
F J
UV
EN
ILE
S R
EF
ER
RE
DT
O F
AM
ILY
CO
UR
T, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 199
4.
10,0
00
9,00
0
8,00
0
7,00
0
6,00
0
5,00
0
4,00
0
3,00
0
2,00
0
1,00
0 0
OFF
EN
SES
JUV
EN
ILE
S
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
In 1
994,
4.5
% o
f R
hode
Isl
and
yout
h ag
es 1
0 to
17
wer
e re
ferr
ed to
Fam
ily C
ourt
for
all
offe
nses
;
4,28
0 ju
veni
les
wer
e re
ferr
ed to
Fam
ily C
ourt
for
9,7
66 o
ffen
ses.
JUV
EN
ILE
VIO
LEN
T C
RIM
E
0 T
he n
umbe
r of
juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
offe
nses
ref
erre
d to
Fam
ilyC
ourt
incr
ease
d fr
om 2
72 v
iole
nt o
ffen
ses
in 1
988
to 5
57 v
iole
ntof
fens
es in
199
4. V
iole
nt o
ffen
ses
incl
ude
hom
icid
e, r
ape,
rob
bery
, and
aggr
avat
ed a
ssau
lt.
0 A
ccor
ding
to th
e A
nnie
E. C
asey
Fou
ndat
ion,
Rho
de I
slan
d's
juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
st r
ate
in 1
992
was
483
per
100
,000
you
ths
ages
10
to 1
7. T
his
refl
ects
a 9
2% in
crea
se s
ince
198
5.
101
JUV
EN
ILE
S R
EF
ER
RE
D T
O F
AM
ILY
CO
UR
T
YO
UT
H A
T R
ISK
JUV
EN
ILE
S R
EF
ER
RE
D F
OR
ST
AT
US
OF
FE
NS
ES
0 O
ne in
sev
en ju
veni
le o
ffen
ses
refe
rred
to F
amily
Cou
rt a
re s
tatu
sof
fens
es. S
tatu
s of
fens
es a
re a
cts
whi
ch w
ould
not
be
puni
shab
le if
the
offe
nder
wer
e an
adu
lt, f
orex
ampl
e: tr
uanc
y, d
isob
edie
ntco
nduc
t.
0 Ju
veni
les
refe
rred
to F
amily
Cou
rt f
or s
tatu
s of
fens
es a
re a
t ris
kfo
r es
cala
ting
invo
lvem
ent w
ith th
eju
veni
le ju
stic
e sy
stem
. Man
yse
riou
s ju
veni
le o
ffen
ders
fir
stap
pear
ed in
the
syst
em o
n tr
uanc
yor
dis
obed
ient
con
duct
pet
ition
s.
0 E
ffec
tive
juve
nile
cri
me
prev
entio
n pr
ogra
ms
invo
lve
all
com
pone
nts
of th
e co
mm
unity
incl
udin
g fa
mili
es, s
choo
ls, l
awen
forc
emen
t age
ncie
s, h
ealth
care
prof
essi
onal
s, a
nd c
omm
unity
-ba
sed
orga
niza
tions
.
102
RU
NA
WA
Y A
ND
HO
ME
LES
S Y
OU
TH
0 T
he N
atio
nal N
etw
ork
ofR
unaw
ay a
nd Y
outh
Ser
vice
ses
timat
es th
at e
very
yea
r 1.
3m
illio
n A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n ru
naw
ay f
rom
trou
bled
or
abus
ive
hom
es o
r ar
e ab
ando
ned
by th
eir
fam
ilies
or
othe
r ca
re p
rovi
ders
.
0 M
ore
than
one
in f
our
of th
ese
child
ren
are
cons
ider
ed to
be
"thr
ow-a
way
chi
ldre
n" w
ho w
ere
told
to le
ave
a ho
useh
old,
wer
eab
ando
ned
or d
eser
ted,
or
trie
d to
retu
rn a
nd w
ere
deni
ed.
0 T
een
runa
way
s ar
e vu
lner
able
tobe
com
ing
vict
ims
and
perp
etra
tors
of c
rim
e, a
nd a
re a
t ris
k fo
ral
coho
lism
, dru
g us
e, a
nd A
IDS.
0 T
here
are
lim
ited
reso
urce
s fo
rho
mel
ess
yout
h be
caus
e m
any
shel
ters
do
not t
ake
adol
esce
nts,
part
icul
arly
mal
es a
ge 1
2 an
d ol
der.
0 W
hile
ther
e ar
e no
acc
urat
e da
taon
the
tota
l num
ber
of h
omel
ess
and
runa
way
you
th in
Rho
deIs
land
, the
re h
as b
een
a st
eady
incr
ease
in th
e nu
mbe
r of
hom
eles
syo
uth
serv
ed b
y T
rave
lers
Aid
'sR
unaw
ay Y
outh
Pro
gram
, and
an
incr
easi
ng d
eman
d fo
r ho
st h
ome
plac
emen
t thr
ough
the
Run
away
and
Hom
eles
s Y
outh
Net
wor
k.
SU
BS
TA
NC
E A
BU
SE
0 Y
oung
peo
ple
who
abu
se d
rugs
and
alco
hol a
re m
ore
likel
y to
dro
pou
t of
scho
ol, b
ecom
e te
en p
aren
ts,
expe
rien
ce in
juri
es, a
nd b
ecom
ein
volv
ed w
ith th
e cr
imin
al ju
stic
esy
stem
.
0 Si
xty-
one
perc
ent o
f R
hode
Isla
nd 1
2th
grad
ers
surv
eyed
by
the
R.I
. Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
in 1
993
repo
rted
that
they
had
con
sum
ed a
nal
coho
lic b
ever
age
with
in th
e pa
stm
onth
. For
ty p
erce
nt o
f hi
gh s
choo
lse
nior
s sa
id th
ey h
ad u
sed
mar
ijuan
a at
som
e tim
e in
the
past
mon
th.
0 C
hild
ren
and
teen
s ar
evi
ctim
ized
by
subs
tanc
e ab
use
with
in th
eir
fam
ilies
from
the
harm
ful e
ffec
ts o
f a
mot
her's
dru
gus
e du
ring
pre
gnan
cy to
the
emot
iona
l and
fin
anci
al h
ards
hips
caus
ed b
y pa
rent
s w
ith s
ubst
ance
abus
e pr
oble
ms.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isl
and
Fam
ily C
ourt
,R
IJIS
Int
ake
Stat
istic
s, Y
ear
End
Rep
orts
,19
88-1
994,
unl
ess
othe
rwis
e no
ted.
Imag
es a
nd R
ealit
y: J
uven
ile C
rim
e, Y
outh
Vio
lenc
ean
d Pu
blic
Pol
icy,
(19
94),
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
on C
rim
e an
d D
elin
quen
cy: S
an F
ranc
isco
,C
A.
A M
atte
r of
Tim
e: R
isk
and
Opp
ortu
nity
in th
eN
onsc
hool
Hou
rs, (
1992
), C
arne
gie
Cor
pora
tion
of N
ew Y
ork:
New
Yor
k, N
Y.
The
Fut
ure
of C
hild
ren:
Vol
.4, N
o.1,
Chi
ldre
n an
dD
ivor
ce, (
1994
), C
ente
r fo
r th
e Fu
ture
of
Chi
ldre
n: L
os A
ngel
es, C
A.
The
199
3 R
hode
Isl
and
Ado
lesc
ent S
ubst
ance
Abu
seSu
rvey
: Rep
ort o
f St
atew
ide
Res
ults
, (19
94)
,R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
:Pr
ovid
ence
, RI.
KID
S C
OU
NT
Dat
a B
ook
1995
: Sta
te P
rofi
les
ofC
hild
Wel
l-B
eing
(19
95),
Ann
ie E
. Cas
eyFo
unda
tion:
Bal
timor
e, M
D.
1995
Rho
dells
hnd
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k51
lt
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
is th
e
tota
l num
ber
of in
dica
ted
case
s of
child
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct p
er 1
,000
child
ren.
"In
dica
ted
case
" m
eans
that
cre
dibl
e ev
iden
ce e
xist
s th
at
child
abu
se a
nd/o
r ne
glec
t occ
urre
d
follo
win
g an
inve
stig
atio
n in
to a
repo
rt o
f su
spec
ted
child
abu
se o
r
negl
ect.
An
indi
cate
d ca
se c
an
invo
lve
mor
e th
an o
ne c
hild
. Chi
ldab
use
incl
udes
phy
sica
l, se
xual
, and
emot
iona
l abu
se. C
hild
neg
lect
incl
udes
phy
sica
l and
em
otio
nal
negl
ect.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Chi
ld m
altr
eatm
ent c
an r
esul
t in
deat
h, p
erm
anen
t dis
abili
ty, d
elay
ed
deve
lopm
ent,
men
tal a
nd b
ehav
iora
l
diso
rder
s, d
epre
ssio
n, a
nd s
uici
de.
It is
als
o lin
ked
to p
oor
acad
emic
perf
orm
ance
, juv
enile
del
inqu
ency
,
and
teen
age
preg
nanc
y.
Chi
ldre
n m
ay s
uffe
r fr
om c
hild
abus
e re
gard
less
of
thei
r ra
cial
or
ethn
ic b
ackg
roun
d or
soc
io-
104
econ
omic
sta
tus.
Chi
ldre
n ar
e at
incr
ease
d ri
sk f
or m
altr
eatm
ent i
f
thei
r pa
rent
s or
car
egiv
ers
are
expe
rien
cing
mul
tiple
pro
blem
s
such
as
drug
and
alc
ohol
abu
se,
men
tal i
llnes
s, e
mot
iona
l str
ess,
pove
rty,
une
mpl
oym
ent,
or
dom
estic
vio
lenc
e.
In R
hode
Isl
and
in 1
994
ther
ew
ere
2,73
2 in
dica
ted
case
s of
chi
ldab
use
and
negl
ect,
a ra
te o
f 9.
7 pe
r
1,00
0 ch
ildre
n. M
ore
than
50%
of
indi
cate
d ca
ses
invo
lved
chi
ldre
n
from
the
core
citi
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rt
and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls.
5219
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /S
AF
ET
Y
MA
LTR
EA
TM
EN
TB
Y T
YP
E O
F A
BU
SE
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
ED
CA
SE
S,
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
993
31.5
11.0
56.0
1.5
PH
YS
ICA
L S
EX
UA
L N
EG
LEC
T M
ED
ICA
LA
BU
SE
AB
US
EN
EG
LEC
T
n =
4,8
93*
MA
LTR
EA
TM
EN
TB
Y A
GE
OF
VIC
TIM
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
ED
CA
SE
SO
F C
HIL
D A
BU
SE
AN
D N
EG
LEC
T,
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
993
971
986
300
830
43 II
UN
DE
R I
1 -
56
-11
12 -
17
18 -
21
Age
of
Vic
tim in
Yea
rsn=
3,13
0"
Thi
s nu
mbe
r re
flec
ts m
altr
eatm
ent e
vent
s, n
ot c
hild
ren.
Chi
ldre
n of
ten
expe
rien
ce m
ore
than
one
type
of
abus
e.Fo
r ex
ampl
e, i
f a
child
wer
e ph
ysic
ally
and
sex
ually
abu
sed
two
mal
trea
tmen
t eve
nts
wou
ld b
eco
unte
d D
ata
are
for
1993
; 199
4 an
alys
is n
ot y
et a
vaila
ble.
" T
he n
umbe
r of
vic
tims
is h
ighe
r th
an th
e nu
mbe
r of
indi
cate
d ca
ses
beca
use
one
case
can
invo
lve
mor
e th
anon
e ch
ild v
ictim
. Dat
a re
flec
t an
undu
plic
ated
cou
nt o
f ch
ild v
ictim
s in
199
3; 1
994
anal
ysis
not
yet
avai
labl
e.
Sour
ce o
f D
ata:
RI
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
hild
ren,
You
th, a
nd F
amili
es, s
urve
y re
spon
se f
or c
alen
dar
year
199
3 fo
rN
atio
nal C
hild
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct D
ata
Syst
em (
NC
AN
DS)
.
105
MA
LTR
EA
TM
EN
T B
YR
ELA
TIO
NS
HIP
OF
PE
RP
ET
RA
TO
R T
O V
ICT
IMF
OR
IND
ICA
TE
D C
AS
ES
OF
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
,R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 199
3
78%
Pare
nts
11%
Car
etak
er R
elat
ives
/Hou
seho
ld m
embe
rs5%
Unk
now
n
2%R
esid
entia
l Fac
ility
Sta
ff
2%Fo
ster
Par
ents
2%C
hild
Day
Car
e Pr
ovid
ers
n =
5,1
70**
*
2% 2% 2%
***
Perp
etra
tors
can
abu
sem
ore
than
one
chi
ld a
nd c
anab
use
a ch
ild m
ore
than
onc
e. T
he to
tal n
umbe
r of
perp
etra
tors
in 1
993
was
2,9
93 a
nd th
ey c
arri
ed o
ut5,
170
inci
dent
s of
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct.
Sour
ce o
f D
ata:
RI
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
hild
ren,
You
th, a
ndFa
mili
es s
urve
y re
spon
se f
or c
alen
dary
ear
1993
for
Nat
iona
l Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
Dat
a Sy
stem
(NC
AN
DS)
106
FA
CT
S A
BO
UT
CH
ILD
AB
US
EIN
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
993
0 51
% o
f th
e vi
ctim
s of
chi
ldab
use
and
negl
ect w
ere
fem
ale,
49%
wer
e m
ale.
0 40
% o
f ch
ild a
buse
and
neg
lect
vict
ims
wer
e un
der
age
6, in
clud
ing
300
infa
nts
unde
rag
e on
e.
0 78
% o
f per
petr
ator
s w
ere
pare
nts
of th
e vi
ctim
s.
0 3,
130
child
ren
wer
e vi
ctim
s of
child
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct.
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
DC
HIL
D D
EA
TH
S D
UE
TO
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
*
YE
AR
NU
MB
ER
OF
DE
AT
HS
1990
419
917
1992
419
933
1994
3
* B
ased
on R
.I. D
epar
tmen
t of
Chi
ldre
n,Y
outh
, and
Fam
ilies
det
erm
inat
ion
of d
eath
due
to c
hild
abu
se o
r ne
glec
t by
pare
nt o
rca
reta
ker.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
53
107
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
TH
E R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N, Y
OU
TH
AN
D F
AM
ILIE
S (
DC
YF
)
DC
YF
CA
SE
LOA
D:
On
Janu
ary
31, 1
995,
the
tota
l act
ive
case
load
of
the
Rho
de I
slan
d
Dep
artm
ent o
f C
hild
ren,
You
th a
nd F
amili
es w
as 7
,475
chi
ldre
n.
The
info
rmat
ion
disp
laye
d he
re a
pplie
s to
thes
e ca
ses.
It d
oes
not
incl
ude
the
addi
tiona
l 2,7
16 c
hild
ren
who
are
eith
er in
pen
ding
child
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct in
vest
igat
ions
or
enro
lled
in D
CY
F
com
mun
ity-b
ased
pro
gram
s.
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
DC
YF
BY
RE
AS
ON
CA
SE
WA
S O
PE
NE
D
60%
Abu
se/N
egle
ct16
%C
ourt
-Ord
ered
Sup
ervi
sion
7%Su
ppor
t-Se
rvic
es I
ndic
ated
2%C
ourt
Ord
ered
Dia
gnos
is3%
Vol
unta
ry2%
Em
erge
ncy
Det
entio
n10
%A
ll O
ther
s
108
5419
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /S
AF
ET
Y
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
DC
YF
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
DC
YF
BY
LIV
ING
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
TB
Y A
GE
40%
2500
35%
2000
30%
25%
1500
20%
15%
1000
10%
500
5%
00
041.
'tf.
(31
'Crs
..7.
4"0-
56-
1112
-16
1718
PLU
S
X05
Sra'
s:,
Age
49+
44-
..14,
r".
`<
7:.7
109
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
NU
MB
ER
OF
IND
ICA
TE
D C
AS
ES
OF
CH
ILD
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
PE
R 1
,000
CH
ILD
RE
N, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 199
4
CIT
Y/T
OW
N
TO
TA
LP
OP
ULA
TIO
N O
FC
HIL
DR
EN
UN
DE
R 2
1
NU
MB
ER
OF
IND
ICA
TE
D C
AS
ES
OF
CH
ILD
AB
US
E/N
EG
LEC
T
RA
TE
OF
CA
SE
S O
FC
HIL
D A
BU
SE
/NE
GLE
CT
PE
R 1
,000
CH
ILD
RE
N
Bar
ring
ton
4,48
710
2.2
Bri
stol
6,18
630
4.8
Bur
rillv
ille
5,10
923
4.5
Cen
tral
Fal
ls5,
579
124
22.2
Cha
rles
tow
n1,
783
137.
3
Cov
entr
y8,
880
576.
4C
rans
ton
17,5
5813
17.
5C
umbe
rlan
d7,
523
405.
3
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
3,34
619
5.7
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
12,5
2093
7.4
Exe
ter
1,71
018
10.5
Fost
er1,
358
32.
2
Glo
cest
er2,
944
82.
7
Hop
kint
on2,
123
115.
2
Jam
esto
wn
1,28
23
2.3
John
ston
6,30
938
6.0
Lin
coln
4,54
329
6.4
Litt
le C
ompt
on86
70
0
Mid
dlet
own
5,59
838
6.8
Nar
raga
nset
t3,
757
143.
7
New
port
7,85
899
12.6
New
Sho
reha
m18
40
0
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n6,
993
415.
9N
orth
Pro
vide
nce
6,84
646
6.7
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d2,
724
114.
0Pa
wtu
cket
19,6
5526
013
.2
Port
smou
th4,
716
214.
5Pr
ovid
ence
52,6
7474
414
.1
Ric
hmon
d1,
766
74.
0Sc
ituat
e2,
809
51.
8
Smith
fiel
d5,
955
132.
2
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n9,
612
323.
3T
iver
ton
3,75
211
2.9
War
ren
2,85
127
9.5
War
wic
k21
,596
160
7.4
110
TO
WN
TO
TA
LP
OP
ULA
TIO
N O
FC
HIL
DR
EN
UN
DE
R 2
1
NU
MB
ER
OF
IND
ICA
TE
D C
AS
ES
OF
CH
ILD
AB
US
E/N
EG
LEC
T
RA
TE
OF
CA
SE
S O
FC
HIL
D A
BU
SE
/NE
GLE
CT
PE
R 1
,000
CH
ILD
RE
N
Wes
terl
y5,
771
6110
.6
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
1,06
77
6.6
Wes
t War
wic
k7,
818
116
14.8
Woo
nsoc
ket
12,5
1125
520
.4O
ut-o
f-St
ate
NA
40N
A
Unk
now
nN
A74
NA
Rho
de I
slan
d28
0,62
02,
732
9.7
1
Cor
e C
ities
98,2
771,
482
15.0
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
182,
343
1,13
66.
2
NO
TE
S O
N T
AB
LE
An
indi
cate
d ca
se is
an
inve
stig
ated
repo
rt o
f ch
ild a
buse
and
neg
lect
for
whi
ch c
redi
ble
evid
ence
exi
sts
that
child
abu
se a
nd/o
r ne
glec
t occ
urre
d.
An
indi
cate
d ca
se c
an in
volv
e m
ore
than
one
chi
ld.
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Dat
a ar
e fr
om th
e St
ate
of R
I D
epar
tmen
t For
Chi
ldre
n Y
outh
and
Fam
ilies
, Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
Tra
ckin
g Sy
stem
, num
ber
ofre
port
s (i
ndic
ated
cas
es)
for
the
peri
odJa
nuar
y 1,
199
4 to
Dec
embe
r31
,19
94.
Popu
latio
n da
ta a
re f
rom
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
eC
ensu
s, 1
990
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
fro
m th
e St
ate
of R
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent f
or C
hild
ren
You
th a
nd F
amili
es,
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
Tra
ckin
g Sy
stem
unl
ess
othe
rwis
e no
ted.
Chi
ld A
buse
& N
egle
ct, '
A P
rofi
le o
f V
iole
nce
Tow
ard
Chi
ldre
n: A
Nat
iona
l Stu
dy",
Wol
fite
r,G
., &
Gel
les,
R. (
1993
), F
amily
Vio
lenc
eR
esea
rch
Prog
ram
, Uni
vers
ity o
f R
hode
Isla
nd: K
ings
ton,
RI.
Chi
ld M
altr
eatm
ent 1
992:
Rep
orts
Fro
m th
e St
ates
to th
e N
atio
nal C
ente
r on
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
, (19
94),
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
onC
hild
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C.
Star
ting
Poin
ts: M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
tC
hild
ren,
(19
94),
Car
negi
e C
orpo
ratio
n of
New
Yor
k: N
ew Y
ork,
NY
.
Vio
lenc
e an
d Y
outh
: Psy
chol
ogy'
s R
espo
nse,
Vol
1:
Sum
mar
y R
epor
t of
the
Am
eric
an P
sych
olog
ical
Ass
ocia
tion
Com
mis
sion
on
Vio
lenc
e an
d Y
outh
,(1
993)
, Am
eric
an P
sych
olog
ical
Ass
ocia
tion:
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
55
112
5619
95 R
hode
Isla
nd K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
.1 your
liV
oreA
your
Por
t % is
4S
61g
4S y
ou if
otke
it.
knot
-v, O
r J
useo
it0
46id
e
In th
e n4
rrot
-pes
t nes
t in
4 co
rner
,
Thy
Pvi
ngs
pres
sing
dos
e to
my
sik.
itt L
Sig
h te
al th
e #i
ist4
nt h
oriz
on
Whe
re th
e sk
y ei
ne e
neir
deoi
the
sea
Ano
i, 9
Mr1
46eo
f Pp
ith 4
Arn
ing
ksir
e
To
tr4v
ee th
is im
men
sity
.
64tte
re#{
the
core
fons
#tr
otin
et n
4e
A n
% e
raat
eeot
trvi
ngs
on th
e br
eeze
The
n so
dree
t to
the
utte
rmos
t rea
ches
Vito
rap
ture
, 'pi
th. p
ot-p
er, P
vit4
eas
e!
geor
gi4
Zot
tgea
s 00
4nso
n
11i
CH
ILD
RE
N E
NR
OLL
ED
IN H
EA
D S
TA
RT
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Chi
ldre
n en
rolle
d in
Hea
d St
art i
s
the
perc
ent o
f el
igib
le c
hild
ren
ages
3 an
d 4
enro
lled
in th
e H
ead
Star
tpr
esch
ool p
rogr
am a
s of
Jan
uary
1995
. Chi
ldre
n en
rolle
d in
the
Hea
d St
art P
aren
t-C
hild
Cen
ters
are
not i
nclu
ded.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Hea
d St
art i
s a
fede
rally
fun
ded,
com
preh
ensi
ve e
arly
chi
ld d
evel
op-
men
t pro
gram
for
low
-inc
ome
pres
choo
l chi
ldre
n, p
rim
arily
age
s
thre
e to
fiv
e, a
nd th
eir
fam
ilies
.
Hea
d St
art i
s de
sign
ed to
pro
vide
child
ren
who
are
at r
isk
with
the
soci
aliz
atio
n an
d sc
hool
-rea
dine
ss
skill
s th
ey n
eed
to p
repa
re th
emfo
r el
emen
tary
sch
ool.
Hea
d St
art e
mph
asiz
es p
aren
tal
invo
lvem
ent.
At t
he c
omm
unity
-
base
d H
ead
Star
t Cen
ters
, par
ents
part
icip
ate
as v
olun
teer
s or
sta
ff,
are
invo
lved
in p
rogr
am p
lann
ing
and
polic
ymak
ing,
and
atte
nd
pare
nt e
duca
tion
clas
ses.
Hea
d
Star
t pro
gram
com
pone
nts
also
1116
incl
ude
educ
atio
n, s
ocia
l ser
vice
s,
heal
th a
nd n
utri
tion,
and
men
tal
heal
th.
Nat
iona
lly H
ead
Star
t ser
ves
713,
000
child
ren,
36%
of
thos
eel
igib
le. I
n R
hode
Isl
and,
2,3
52
child
ren
are
enro
lled,
39%
of
elig
ible
3 a
nd 4
yea
r ol
ds.
CH
ILD
RE
N E
NR
OLL
ED
INH
EA
D S
TA
RT
, CO
RE
CIT
IES
AN
D R
EM
AIN
DE
R O
F S
TA
TE
,R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 199
425
00
2000
1500
1000 50
0 0o
44.
o 40
4c40
4.
N-v-
4.L
.N
.-PA
Cr
444
.44
5819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /
ED
UC
AT
ION
AB
OU
T H
EA
D S
TA
RT
<>
Hea
d St
art i
s a
com
preh
ensi
ve e
arly
chi
ldho
od p
rogr
amde
sign
ed to
pro
mot
e sc
hool
rea
dine
ss. N
atio
nally
, a to
tal o
f 13
.1m
illio
n ch
ildre
n ha
ve b
een
serv
ed b
y th
e pr
ogra
m s
ince
it b
egan
in 1
965.
0 In
199
1-19
92, 3
4% o
f th
e H
ead
Star
t sta
ff a
cros
s th
e co
untr
yw
ere
pare
nts
of c
urre
nt o
r fo
rmer
Hea
d St
art c
hild
ren.
Ove
r60
0,00
0 pa
rent
s vo
lunt
eer
in th
eir
loca
l Hea
d St
art P
rogr
am.
0 H
ead
Star
t Par
ent-
Chi
ld C
ente
rs p
rovi
de c
ompr
ehen
sive
serv
ices
to lo
w-i
ncom
e fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
up to
age
thre
e. T
hece
nter
s w
ork
with
fam
ilies
to im
prov
e ea
ch c
hild
's d
evel
opm
enta
lpr
ogre
ss th
roug
h a
hom
e vi
sito
rs p
rogr
am, q
ualit
y ch
ild c
are,
and
earl
y in
terv
entio
n fo
r ch
ildre
n w
ith s
peci
al n
eeds
. The
re a
re tw
oPa
rent
-Chi
ld C
ente
rs in
Rho
de I
slan
d.
117
CH
ILD
RE
N E
NR
OLL
ED
IN H
EA
D S
TA
RT
PE
RC
EN
T O
F E
LIG
IBLE
CH
ILD
RE
N A
GE
S 3
AN
D 4
EN
RO
LLE
D IN
HE
AD
ST
AR
T, R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
, 199
4
CIT
Y/T
OW
N
ES
TIM
AT
ED
ELI
GIB
LE C
HIL
DR
EN
AG
ES
3 &
4
NU
MB
ER
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N E
NR
OLL
ED
IN H
EA
D S
TA
RT
% O
F E
LIG
IBLE
3 &
4 Y
EA
R O
LDS
EN
RO
LLE
D
Bar
ringt
on7
228
.6
Bris
tol
4727
57.4
Bur
rillv
ille
2921
72.4
Cen
tral
Fal
ls28
440
14.1
Cha
rlest
own
249
37.5
Cov
entr
y83
3238
.6
Cra
nsto
n26
419
473
.5
Cum
berla
nd54
1527
.8
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
231
4.3
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
186
7138
.1
Exe
ter
75
71.4
Fos
ter
22
100.
0
Glo
cest
er18
1161
.1
Hop
kint
on18
1055
.6
Jam
esto
wn
21
50.0
John
ston
7944
55.7
Linc
oln
2615
57.7
Littl
e C
ompt
on1
33.3
Mid
dlet
own
2841
100.
0
Nar
raga
nset
t40
1640
.0
New
port
201
168
83.6
New
Sho
reha
m1
00
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n73
3852
.1
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e10
346
44.7
Nor
th S
mith
field
43
75.0
Paw
tuck
et65
380
12.3
Por
tsm
outh
1911
57.9
Pro
vide
nce
2,59
890
234
.7
Ric
hmon
d12
650
.0
Sci
tuat
e14
750
.0
Sm
ithfie
ld24
1875
.0
Sou
th K
ings
tow
n50
3060
.0
Tiv
erto
n33
1751
.5
War
ren
5130
58.8
War
wic
k22
111
049
.8
118
CIT
Y/T
OW
N
ES
TIM
AT
E D
ELI
GIB
LE C
HIL
DR
EN
AG
ES
3 &
4
NU
MB
ER
OF
CH
ILD
RE
N E
NR
OLL
ED
IN H
EA
D S
TA
RT
% O
F E
LIG
IBLE
3 &
4 Y
EA
R O
LDS
EN
RO
LLE
D
Wes
terly
9445
47.9
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
143
21.4
Wes
t War
wic
k17
696
54.5
Woo
nsoc
ket
454
184
40.5
Rho
de I
slan
d60
192,
352
39.1
Cor
e C
ities
4,19
01,
374
32.8
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
1,82
997
853
.5
NO
TE
S O
N T
AB
LE
Est
imat
ed n
umbe
r of
elig
ible
child
ren
is b
ased
on
num
ber
of 3
and
4 ye
ar o
ld c
hild
ren
in f
amili
es
rece
ivin
g A
FDC
, 199
3. T
his
is a
nun
dere
stim
ate
beca
use
it do
es n
ot
incl
ude
child
ren
elig
ible
for
Hea
d
Star
t fro
m n
on-A
FDC
fam
ilies
livin
g be
low
the
pove
rty
line.
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
Adm
inis
trat
ion
on C
hild
ren,
You
th a
nd F
amili
es,
US
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s, R
egio
n 1;
Rho
de Is
land
Hea
d S
tart
Pro
gram
s; a
nd R
hode
Isla
nd D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
INR
HO
DE
S D
ata
Tap
es,
June
30,
199
3. C
ore
citie
s ar
e P
rovi
denc
e,P
awtu
cket
, Woo
nsoc
ket,
New
port
and
Cen
tral
Fal
ls.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
All
data
are
from
Adm
inis
trat
ion
on C
hild
ren,
You
th a
nd F
amili
es, U
S D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s, R
egio
n I;
Rho
de Is
land
Hea
d S
tart
Pro
gram
s; a
ndR
hode
Isla
nd D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Ser
vice
s IN
RH
OD
ES
Dat
a T
apes
, Jun
e 30
,19
93, u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
indi
cate
d.
Bey
ond
Rhe
tori
c: A
New
Am
eric
an A
gend
a fo
rC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ilies
: Fin
al R
epor
t of
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Chi
ldre
n,(1
991)
,U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Prin
ting
Offi
ce:
Was
hing
ton
DC
.
Star
ting
Poin
ts: M
eetin
g th
e N
eeds
of
Our
You
nges
tC
hild
ren,
(199
4), C
arne
gie
Cor
pora
tion:
New
Yor
k, N
Y.
r
The
Sta
te o
f A
mer
ica'
s C
hild
ren
Yea
rboo
k: 1
994,
(199
4), C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und:
Was
hing
ton,
DC
.
With
in O
ur R
each
: Bre
akin
g th
e C
ycle
of
Dis
adta
niag
e,IL
isbe
th B
. Sch
orr
with
Dan
iel
Sch
orr
(198
8), A
ncho
r P
ress
: New
Yor
k, N
Y.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
59
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L G
RA
DU
AT
ION
RA
TE
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Hig
h sc
hool
gra
duat
ion
rate
is
the
perc
ent o
f a
7th
grad
e cl
ass
that
wou
ld g
radu
ate
base
d on
the
exis
ting
drop
out i
ncid
ence
am
ong
7th,
8th
,9t
h, 1
0th,
11t
h an
d 12
th g
rade
stud
ents
. The
rat
e is
com
pute
d us
ing
Fall
1992
enr
ollm
ent d
ata
and
the
num
ber
of d
ropo
uts
by g
rade
leve
lfr
om O
ctob
er 2
, 199
2 th
roug
h
Oct
ober
1, 1
993.
Thi
s st
atis
tic
incl
udes
thos
e w
ho r
ecei
ve a
hig
h
scho
ol e
quiv
alen
cy d
iplo
ma.
SIG
NIF
ICA
NC
E
Chi
ldre
n w
ho r
ecei
ve a
qua
lity
educ
atio
n ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
gro
win
to c
apab
le, s
elf-
suff
icie
nt a
dults
who
cont
ribu
te to
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es.
With
the
decl
ine
of m
anuf
actu
ring
and
the
incr
ease
d re
lianc
e on
an
info
rmat
ion-
base
d ec
onom
y,
educ
atio
n ha
s be
com
e cr
itica
l to
a
youn
g pe
rson
's s
ucce
ss in
the
labo
r
mar
ket.
Chi
ldre
n an
d te
ens
in e
cono
mic
ally
disa
dvan
tage
d co
mm
uniti
es a
nd
who
se p
aren
ts h
ave
little
for
mal
120
educ
atio
n ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
dro
p
out o
f sc
hool
. Ear
ly w
arni
ng s
igns
for
a st
uden
t lik
ely
to d
rop
out o
fsc
hool
incl
ude
earl
y sc
hool
fai
lure
,
poor
gra
de p
erfo
rman
ce, f
requ
ent
trua
ncy,
beh
avio
r pr
oble
ms,
subs
tanc
e ab
use,
and
teen
preg
nanc
y.
Ach
ieve
men
t dif
fere
nces
am
ong
scho
ol d
istr
icts
and
sch
ools
are
corr
elat
ed w
ith th
e so
cioe
cono
mic
stat
us o
f fa
mili
es in
the
com
mun
ity.
The
re a
re c
urre
ntly
maj
or c
ontr
asts
in e
duca
tiona
l ach
ieve
men
t and
stud
ent o
utco
mes
dep
endi
ng o
nw
here
a s
tude
nt li
ves
and
goes
to
scho
ol.
6019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k /
ED
UC
AT
ION
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
AC
HIE
VE
ME
NT
IN R
HO
DE
ISLA
ND
0 N
earl
y 1
out o
f ev
ery
5 st
uden
ts e
nrol
led
in 7
th g
rade
in 1
992
will
not g
radu
ate
from
hig
h sc
hool
.
0 A
ccor
ding
to th
e 19
90 C
ensu
s, 2
8% o
f R
hode
Isl
and
adul
ts o
ver
age
25 h
ave
not c
ompl
eted
hig
h sc
hool
.
0 1
out o
f 3
four
th g
rade
stu
dent
s di
d no
t hav
e re
adin
g sk
ills
suff
icie
ntto
mee
t a b
asic
sta
ndar
d on
the
1993
Met
ropo
litan
Ach
ieve
men
t Tes
ts.
0 63
% o
f R
hode
Isl
and'
s pu
blic
hig
h sc
hool
sen
iors
took
the
Scho
last
icA
ptitu
de T
est (
SAT
) in
199
3. S
AT
sco
res
in R
hode
Isl
and
vary
by
over
200
poin
ts d
epen
ding
on
the
educ
atio
nal l
evel
of
the
child
's p
aren
ts.
121
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L G
RA
DU
AT
ION
RA
TE
CO
MM
UN
ITY
CO
NT
EX
T A
ND
ED
UC
AT
ION
IND
ICA
TO
RS
, RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D, 1
993
CO
MM
UN
ITY
CO
NT
EX
T
%C
HIL
DR
EN
IN P
OV
ER
TY
% L
IMIT
ED
EN
GLI
SH
% M
INO
RIT
YP
RO
FIC
IEN
CY
EN
RO
LLM
EN
T
% A
DU
LTS
CO
MP
LET
ING
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L
HIG
H S
CH
OO
LG
RA
DU
AT
ION
RA
TE
% O
F S
TU
DE
NT
ST
AK
ING
TH
E S
AT
'36
OF
4T
H G
RA
DE
ST
UD
EN
TS
ME
ET
ING
A B
AS
ICS
TA
ND
AR
DIN
RE
AD
ING
(MA
T 1
993)
Bar
ring
ton
1.3
2.3
88.9
95.7
8486
Bri
stol
-War
ren
6.6
5.4
1.9
79.3
5978
Bur
rillv
ille
6.1
0.2
0.7
70.6
94.7
4973
Cen
tral
Fal
ls32
.528
.453
.446
.952
.632
24
Cha
riho
5.0
0.5
3.8
82.2
85.4
4771
Cov
entr
y5.
30.
42.
174
.494
.257
76
Cra
nsto
n9.
54.
59.
174
.083
.059
68
Cum
berl
and
4.7
2.7
3.2
74.7
89.7
7174
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
5.3
1 . 1
4.2
89.8
92.4
8991
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
8.7
5.2
10.0
66.9
84.3
5461
Exe
ter-
W. G
reen
wic
h3.
20.
22.
478
.096
.247
66
Fost
er7.
61.
181
.975
Fost
er-G
loce
ster
6.8
1.6
82.5
85.7
59
Glo
cest
er6.
51.
082
.885
Jam
esto
wn
8.1
1.8
89.0
85
John
ston
8.4
1.1
3.2
66.8
82.8
4468
Lin
coln
7.0
0.7
3.9
76.1
93.0
6576
Litt
le C
ompt
on2.
786
.075
Mid
dlet
own
6.0
2.1
11.3
85.0
97.8
6064
Nar
raga
nset
t4.
51.
23.
887
.295
.870
88
New
port
20.3
1..4
23.0
84.1
86.3
6763
New
Sho
reha
m10
.19.
694
.085
.760
55
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n4.
71.
54.
786
.286
.780
85
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e5.
42.
87.
270
.896
.545
59
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d1.
60.
72.
171
.593
.775
88
Paw
tuck
et15
.510
.525
.461
.659
.948
49
Port
smou
th4.
44.
186
.392
.380
89
Prov
iden
ce34
.517
.969
.362
.868
.769
42
Scitu
ate
3.7
0.2
2.0
83.8
89.2
6878
Smith
fiel
d4.
12.
180
.893
.070
80
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n7.
51.
27.
885
.591
.482
76
Tiv
erto
n6.
40.
970
.577
.959
78
War
wic
k5.
90.
73.
977
.891
.062
72
Wes
terl
y8.
71.
94.
075
.686
.469
66
Wes
t War
wic
k11
.83.
86.
370
.381
.452
59
Woo
nsoc
ket
21.4
4.4
20.0
56.2
65.2
5059
Rho
de I
slan
d
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f St
ate
13.5
27.3 6.5
5.0
13.8
1.8
18.0
48.4
4.7
72.0
NA 4.7
81.7
NA
NA
63 NA
NA
66 NA
NA
122
NO
TE
S O
N T
AB
LE
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n liv
ing
inpo
vert
y(19
90);
per
cent
of
stud
ents
iden
tifie
d w
ith L
imite
d E
nglis
hPr
ofic
ienc
y; p
erce
nt o
f en
rollm
ent
that
is m
inor
ity; p
erce
nt o
f th
e ad
ult
popu
latio
n ov
er a
ge 2
5 th
at h
as
com
plet
ed h
igh
scho
ol; 1
993
high
scho
ol g
radu
atio
n ra
te; p
erce
nt o
fst
uden
ts ta
king
the
SAT
in 1
993;
perc
ent o
f4th
gra
de s
tude
nts
mee
ting
a ba
sic
stan
dard
in r
eadi
ng a
ccor
ding
to th
e 19
93 M
etro
polit
anA
chie
vem
ent T
ests
, Rho
de I
slan
dSc
hool
Dis
tric
ts, 1
993.
Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce, P
awtu
cket
, Cen
tral
Fal
ls,
Woo
nsoc
ket a
nd N
ewpo
rt.
SO
UR
CE
S O
F D
AT
A F
OR
TA
BLE
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n liv
ing
in p
over
ty is
bas
ed o
nU
.S. B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
199
0 C
ensu
s of
Popu
latio
n. A
ll ot
her
data
are
fro
m th
e R
hode
Isla
nd D
epar
tmen
t of
Ele
men
tary
and
Seco
ndar
y E
duca
tion,
Rho
de I
slan
d Pu
blic
Scho
ols
1993
Edu
catio
n In
dica
tor
Rep
ort,
Off
ice
of D
ecen
tral
izat
ion
and
Acc
ount
abili
ty.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
Am
eric
a's
Chi
ldre
n A
t Ris
k: A
Nat
iona
l Age
nda
for
Leg
alA
ctio
n, (
1993
), A
mer
ican
Bar
Ass
ocia
tion:
Chi
cago
, IL
.
Bey
ond
Rhe
tori
c: A
New
Am
eric
an A
gend
a fo
rC
hild
ren
and
Fam
ilies
, Fin
al R
epor
t of
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Chi
ldre
n, (
1991
), U
.S.
Gov
ernm
ent P
rint
ing
Off
ice:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Rea
chin
g fi
r H
igh
Stan
dard
s: S
tude
nt P
erfo
rman
ce in
Rho
de I
slan
d, (
Dec
embe
r 19
93),
Rho
de I
slan
dD
epar
tmen
t of
Ele
men
tary
and
Sec
onda
ryE
duca
tion:
Pro
vide
nce,
RI.
KID
S C
OU
NT
Dat
a B
ook
1995
: Sta
te P
rofi
les
ofC
hild
Wel
l-B
eing
(19
95),
Ann
ie E
. Cas
eyFo
unda
tion:
Bal
timor
e, M
D.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
61
123
TE
EN
S N
OT
IN S
CH
OO
L A
ND
NO
T IN
TH
E L
AB
OR
FO
RC
E
DE
FIN
ITIO
N
Tee
ns n
ot in
sch
ool a
nd n
ot in
the
labo
r fo
rce
is th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
teen
s
ages
16
to 1
9 w
ho a
re n
ot in
the
Arm
ed F
orce
s, n
ot e
nrol
led
in
scho
ol, a
nd u
nem
ploy
ed. T
his
indi
cato
r in
clud
es r
ecen
t hig
h
scho
ol g
radu
ates
who
are
unem
ploy
ed, a
nd te
ens
who
hav
e
drop
ped
out o
f hi
gh s
choo
l who
are
jobl
ess. S
IGN
IFIC
AN
CE
Tee
ns w
ho la
ck th
e op
port
uniti
es
that
acc
ompa
ny s
tron
g sk
ills,
edu
ca-
tiona
l atta
inm
ent,
and
pros
pect
s fo
r
succ
ess
in th
e la
bor
mar
ket a
re
unlik
ely
to r
ealiz
e th
eir
full
pote
n-
tial.
Gap
s in
sch
oolin
g an
d la
ck o
f
wor
kfor
ce p
repa
ratio
n pl
ace
them
at a
sig
nifi
cant
dis
adva
ntag
e as
they
tran
sitio
n fr
om a
dole
scen
ce to
adul
thoo
d.
Rho
de I
slan
d ra
nks
wel
l
com
pare
d to
the
rest
of
the
coun
try
for
this
indi
cato
r, h
owev
er th
ere
is a
sign
ific
ant g
ap b
etw
een
the
core
citie
s an
d th
e re
mai
nder
of
the
stat
e.
PE
RC
EN
T O
F T
EE
NS
NO
T IN
SC
HO
OL
AN
DN
OT
IN L
AB
OR
FO
RC
E,
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D,1
990
10.6
8.1
6.7
_ -
- _
124
6219
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k / E
DU
CA
TIO
N
ER
OD
ING
WA
GE
S F
OR
YO
UN
G W
OR
KE
RS
0In
199
2, th
e m
edia
n ho
urly
wag
e of
wor
kers
16
to 1
9 in
the
US
was
$4.
73 p
er h
our.
0 In
flat
ion-
adju
sted
wag
e le
vels
for
you
ng w
orke
rs h
ave
drop
ped
stea
dily
sin
ce 1
973.
<>
Bet
wee
n 19
79 a
nd 1
992
the
aver
age
annu
al e
arni
ngs
of m
ale
high
scho
ol g
radu
ates
age
s 20
to 2
9 fe
ll by
29%
(ad
just
ing
for
infl
atio
n),
whi
le th
eir
peer
s w
ithou
t hig
h sc
hool
dip
lom
as s
uffe
red
a 35
%de
crea
se in
thei
r, a
vera
ge a
nnua
l ear
ning
s.
Sour
ce:T
he S
tate
of
Am
eric
a's
Chi
ldre
n Y
earb
ook:
199
4, (
1994
),
Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
125
TE
EN
S N
OT
IN S
CH
OO
L A
ND
NO
T IN
TH
E L
AB
OR
FO
RC
E
% T
EE
NS
NO
T IN
SC
HO
OL
AN
D N
OT
IN L
AB
OR
FO
RC
E, A
GE
S 1
6-19
, RH
OD
E-I
SLA
ND
, 199
0
CIT
Y/T
OW
NT
OT
AL
NU
MB
ER
OF
TE
EN
S A
GE
S 1
6-19
NO
N-H
IGH
SC
HO
OL
GR
AD
UA
TE
SH
IGH
SC
HO
OL
GR
AD
UA
TE
ST
OT
AL
NU
MB
ER
% O
F T
EE
NS
Bar
ring
ton
800
817
253.
1
Bri
stol
1,70
343
3477
4.5
Bur
rillv
ille
886
3331
647.
2
Cen
tral
Fal
ls93
135
100
135
14.5
Cha
rles
tow
n26
10
00
0.0
Cov
entr
y1,
689
5952
111
6.6
Cra
nsto
n3,
500
9930
440
311
.5
Cum
berl
and
1,47
459
128
187
12.7
Eas
t Gre
enw
ich
627
07
71.
1
Eas
t Pro
vide
nce
2,40
872
180
252
10.5
Exe
ter
279
1617
3311
.8
Fost
er23
216
319
8.2
Glo
cest
er56
527
2754
9.6
Hop
kint
on37
710
4454
14.3
Jam
esto
wn
226
010
104.
4
John
ston
1,23
513
3043
3.5
Lin
coln
874
3217
495.
6
Litt
le C
ompt
on16
70
44
2.4
Mid
dlet
own
922
2027
475.
1
Nar
raga
nset
t65
315
1631
4.7
New
port
1,97
856
4610
25.
2
New
Sho
reha
m20
00
00.
0
Nor
th K
ings
tow
n1,
269
1227
393.
1
Nor
th P
rovi
denc
e1,
444
2978
107
7.4
Nor
th S
mith
fiel
d57
830
030
5.2
Paw
tuck
et3,
632
8130
338
410
.6
Port
smou
th85
110
1323
2.7
Prov
iden
ce12
,841
253
1,04
21,
294
10.1
Ric
hmon
d28
418
1634
12.0
Scitu
ate
555
2410
346.
1
Smith
fiel
d1,
625
2116
372.
3
Sout
h K
ings
tow
n3,
818
157
220.
6
Tiv
erto
n81
234
2458
7.1
War
ren
505
037
377.
3
War
wic
k4,
231
151
198
349
8.2
Wes
terl
y99
210
9810
810
.9
Wes
t Gre
enw
ich
211
150
157.
1
Wes
t War
wic
k1,
478
4689
135
9.1
Woo
nsoc
ket
Rho
de Is
land
Cor
e C
ities
Rem
aind
er o
f Sta
te
2,35
7
59,2
90
21,7
39
37,5
51
101
1,48
4
527
957
285
3,33
9
1,77
6
1,56
3
386
4,82
3
2,30
3
2,52
0
16.4 8.1
10.6 6.7
126
127
NO
TE
S O
N T
AB
LE
Num
ber
and
perc
ent o
f te
ens
ages
16 to
19
who
are
not
enr
olle
din
sch
ool a
nd u
nem
ploy
ed o
r no
t
in la
bor
forc
e, R
hode
Isl
and,
199
0."U
nem
ploy
ed"
teen
s m
eans
teen
s
who
are
not
em
ploy
ed b
ut w
hoar
e lo
okin
g fo
r w
ork;
teen
s "n
ot in
labo
r fo
rce"
mea
ns te
ens
with
out
jobs
who
are
not
look
ing
for
wor
k.
Cor
e ci
ties
are
Prov
iden
ce,
Paw
tuck
et, W
oons
ocke
t, N
ewpo
rtan
d C
entr
al F
alls
.
SO
UR
CE
OF
DA
TA
FO
R T
AB
LE
All
data
are
fro
m th
e U
.S. B
urea
u of
the
Cen
sus,
1990
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n, u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
note
d.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
FO
R IN
DIC
AT
OR
S
The
Sta
te o
f A
mer
ica'
s C
hild
ren
Yea
rboo
k: 1
994,
(199
4), C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und:
Was
hing
ton,
DC
.
A M
atte
r of
Tim
e: R
isk
and
Opp
ortu
nity
in th
eN
onsc
hool
Hou
rs, (
1992
), C
arne
gie
Cor
pora
tion
of N
ew Y
ork:
New
Yor
k, N
Y.
KID
S C
OU
NT
Dat
a B
ook
1994
: Sta
re P
rofi
les
of C
hild
Wel
l-B
eing
, (19
94),
Ann
ie E
. Cas
eyFo
unda
tion:
Bal
timor
e, M
D.
Surv
ey o
f 19
93 J
une
Gra
duat
es o
f Pr
ovid
ence
Pub
licSc
hool
s, (
1994
) U
nive
rsity
of
Rho
de I
slan
d,U
rban
Fie
ld C
ente
r: P
rovi
denc
e, R
I.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
63
a
41
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
The
199
5 R
hode
Isl
and
KID
S C
OU
NT
Fact
book
pro
vide
s da
ta f
or tw
enty
indi
cato
rsof
chi
ld w
ell-
bein
g. T
he d
ata
are
pres
ente
d in
thre
e di
ffer
ent w
ays:
NU
MB
ER
S
The
mos
t dir
ect m
easu
re o
f th
e sc
ope
of a
prob
lem
is th
e co
unt o
f th
e nu
mbe
r of
eve
nts
of c
once
rn d
urin
g a
spec
ifie
d tim
e pe
riod
e.g.
the
num
ber
of c
hild
dea
ths
betw
een
1987
and
1992
.N
umbe
rs a
re im
port
ant i
n as
sess
ing
the
scop
e of
the
prob
lem
and
in e
stim
atin
g th
ere
sour
ces
requ
ired
to a
ddre
ss a
pro
blem
.N
umbe
rs a
re n
ot u
sefu
l to
com
pare
the
seve
r-ity
of
the
prob
lem
fro
m o
ne g
eogr
aphi
c ar
eato
ano
ther
or
to c
ompa
re th
e ex
tent
of
the
prob
lem
in y
our
stat
e w
ith n
atio
nal s
tand
ards
.Fo
r ex
ampl
e, a
sta
te w
ith m
ore
child
ren
mig
ht h
ave
mor
e lo
w b
irth
wei
ght i
nfan
ts d
ueto
the
larg
er n
umbe
r of
tota
l bir
ths,
not
due
to a
n in
crea
sed
likel
ihoo
d of
bei
ng b
orn
low
birt
hwei
ght.
RA
TE
S A
ND
PE
RC
EN
TS
A r
ate
is a
mea
sure
of
the
prob
abili
ty o
f an
even
te.
g. o
ut o
f ev
ery
1,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
,ho
w m
any
infa
nts
will
die
bef
ore
thei
r fi
rst
birt
hday
?A
per
cent
is a
noth
er m
easu
re o
f th
e pr
oba-
bilit
y of
an
even
te.
g. o
ut o
f ev
ery
100
birt
hs, h
ow m
any
will
be
born
low
bir
th-
wei
ght?
Rat
es a
nd p
erce
nts
take
into
acc
ount
the
tota
l pop
ulat
ion
of c
hild
ren
elig
ible
for
an
even
t and
ther
efor
e, a
re u
sefu
l in
com
pari
ngth
e se
veri
ty o
f th
e pr
oble
m f
rom
one
geo
-gr
aphi
c ar
ea to
ano
ther
, to
com
pare
with
sta
teor
nat
iona
l sta
ndar
d or
to lo
ok a
t tre
nds
over
time.
SO
UR
CE
S O
F D
AT
A A
ND
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
FO
RC
ALC
ULA
TIN
G R
AT
ES
AN
DP
ER
CE
NT
S
For
each
indi
cato
r, th
e so
urce
of
info
rma-
tion
for
the
actu
al n
umbe
r of
eve
nts
of in
ter-
est (
the
"num
erat
or")
are
iden
tifie
d w
ithin
the
Def
initi
on a
nd N
otes
to T
able
sec
tions
for
each
indi
cato
r.Fo
r ea
ch in
dica
tor
that
use
s a
rate
or
ape
rcen
t, th
e fo
llow
ing
outli
nes
the
met
hodo
l-og
y us
ed to
est
imat
e th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of
chi
l-dr
en e
ligib
le f
or th
e in
dica
tor
of in
tere
st (
i.e.
the
"den
omin
ator
"). R
ates
and
per
cent
ages
wer
e no
t cal
cula
ted
for
citie
s an
d to
wns
with
deno
min
ator
s le
ss th
an 5
00, a
s ra
tes
and
per-
cent
ages
for
sm
all d
enom
inat
ors
are
stat
istic
al-
ly u
nrel
iabl
e. W
e ha
ve in
dica
ted
"NA
" in
the
indi
cato
r ta
ble
whe
n th
is o
ccur
s.
Chi
ld P
opul
atio
n, C
hild
ren
in S
ingl
ePa
rent
Fam
ilies
, Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
.T
he d
enom
inat
or is
the
num
ber
of c
hil-
dren
und
er a
ge 1
8 ac
cord
ing
to th
e 19
90C
ensu
s of
Pop
ulat
ion.
Chi
ldre
n R
ecei
ving
Pub
lic A
ssis
tanc
e. T
hede
nom
inat
or is
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
ages
one
to th
irte
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e 19
90C
ensu
s of
Pop
ulat
ion,
plu
s th
e fo
ur ti
mes
the
aver
age
num
ber
of b
irth
s fo
r th
e ye
ars
1987
to 1
991.
Del
ayed
Pre
nata
l Car
e, L
ow B
irth
wei
ght
Infa
nts,
Inf
ant M
orta
lity.
The
den
omin
a-to
r is
the
tota
l num
ber
of li
ve b
irth
s to
Rho
de I
slan
d re
side
nts
from
198
7 to
1991
.
Bir
ths
to U
nmar
ried
Tee
ns. T
he d
enom
ina-
tor
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
gir
ls a
ges
15 th
roug
h19
acc
ordi
ng to
the
1990
Cen
sus
ofPo
pula
tion,
mul
tiplie
d by
fou
r to
com
pute
a ra
te o
ver
four
yea
rs, 1
988
to 1
991.
30
6619
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k / M
ET
HO
DO
LOG
Y
Wom
en a
nd C
hild
ren
Rec
eivi
ng W
IC. T
hede
nom
inat
or is
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 5
who
live
in f
amili
es w
ith a
nin
com
e le
ss th
an 1
85%
of
pove
rty,
acc
ord-
ing
to th
e 19
90 C
ensu
s of
Pop
ulat
ion.
Thi
s is
an
estim
ate
of th
e el
igib
le p
opul
a-tio
n an
d do
es n
ot ta
ke in
to a
ccou
ntin
crea
ses
in th
e nu
mbe
r of
wom
en a
ndch
ildre
n w
ho b
ecam
e in
com
e el
igib
lebe
twee
n 19
90 a
nd 1
995.
Chi
ldre
n R
ecei
ving
Sch
ool L
unch
. The
deno
min
ator
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
nen
rolle
d in
the
publ
ic s
choo
l sys
tem
, not
incl
udin
g ha
lf-d
ay k
inde
rgar
ten.
Chi
ldre
n w
ith L
ead
Pois
onin
g. T
he d
enom
i-na
tor
is th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of
chi
ldre
n bo
rnbe
twee
n Se
ptem
ber
1, 1
990
and
Aug
ust
31, 1
991.
Thi
s is
an
estim
ate
of th
e nu
m-
ber
of c
hild
ren
age
thre
e on
Sep
tem
ber
1,19
94 a
nd th
eref
ore
elig
ible
to b
egin
sch
ool
in th
e Fa
ll of
199
6. T
he d
enom
inat
ors
for
the
tow
n da
ta a
re b
ased
on
resi
denc
e at
time
of b
irth
, not
at t
ime
of le
ad s
cree
ning
,an
d th
eref
ore
are
estim
ates
that
do
not
acco
unt f
or c
hang
es in
res
iden
ce d
urin
gth
e fi
rst t
hree
yea
rs o
f lif
e.
Chi
ld D
eath
s. T
he d
enom
inat
or is
the
num
-be
r of
chi
ldre
n ag
es 1
to 1
4 ac
cord
ing
toth
e 19
90 C
ensu
s of
Pop
ulat
ion,
mul
tiplie
dby
fiv
e to
com
pute
a r
ate
over
fiv
e ye
ars,
1987
to 1
991.
Tee
n D
eath
s. T
he d
enom
inat
or is
the
num
-be
r of
teen
s ag
es 1
5 to
19
acco
rdin
g to
the
1990
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n, m
ultip
lied
byfi
ve to
cal
cula
te a
rat
e ov
er f
ive
year
s, 1
987
to 1
991.
Juve
nile
s R
efer
red
to F
amily
Cou
rt. T
hede
nom
inat
or is
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
ages
10
to 1
7 ac
cord
ing
to th
e 19
90C
ensu
s of
Pop
ulat
ion.
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
. The
den
omin
ator
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n un
der
the
age
of21
acc
ordi
ng to
the
1990
Cen
sus
ofPo
pula
tion.
Chi
ldre
n E
nrol
led
in H
ead
Star
t. T
hede
nom
inat
or is
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
ages
3 a
nd 4
who
live
d in
fam
ilies
rec
eiv-
ing
AFD
C in
199
4. T
his
is a
n un
dere
sti-
mat
e be
caus
e it
does
not
incl
ude
child
ren
elig
ible
for
Hea
d St
art w
ho li
ve in
non
-A
FDC
fam
ilies
livi
ng b
elow
the
pove
rty
line.
Hig
h Sc
hool
Gra
duat
ion
Rat
e. T
he d
enom
i-na
tor
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n en
rolle
din
7th
, 8th
, 9th
, 10t
h, 1
1th
and
12th
grad
es in
the
Fall
of 1
992.
Tee
ns N
ot in
Sch
ool a
nd N
ot in
the
Lab
orFo
rce.
The
den
omin
ator
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
teen
s ag
es 1
6 to
19
acco
rdin
g to
the
1990
Cen
sus
of P
opul
atio
n.
LIM
ITA
TIO
NS
In a
ny d
ata
colle
ctio
n pr
oces
s th
ere
are
alw
ays
conc
erns
abo
ut th
e ac
cura
cy a
nd c
om-
plet
enes
s of
the
data
bei
ng c
olle
cted
. All
data
used
in th
e 20
indi
cato
rs w
ere
colle
cted
thro
ugh
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s an
dth
roug
h ro
utin
e da
ta c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
s op
er-
ated
by
diff
eren
t age
ncie
s of
the
stat
e of
Rho
de I
slan
d. W
e do
not
hav
e es
timat
es o
fth
e co
mpl
eten
ess
of r
epor
ting
to th
ese
sys-
tem
s. In a
ll ca
ses,
we
used
the
mos
t rel
iabl
e da
tacu
rren
tly a
vaila
ble.
We
expe
ct th
at o
ver
time
the
data
use
d to
ass
ess
child
wel
l-be
ing
inR
hode
Isl
and
will
be
mor
e tim
ely
and
will
cont
ain
mor
e co
mpl
ete
info
rmat
ion
on th
est
ate'
s ra
cial
and
eth
nic
com
mun
ities
than
iscu
rren
tly a
vaila
ble.
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
TSt
eeri
ng C
omm
ittee
Tri
na B
arne
sC
omm
unity
Dev
elop
men
t Spe
cial
ist
Urb
an L
eagu
e of
Rho
de I
slan
d
Car
olyn
Ben
edic
tDre
wC
hair
pers
onC
hild
ren'
s Po
licy
Coa
litio
n
Rep
rese
ntat
ive
Nan
cy B
enoi
tR
hode
Isl
and
Gen
eral
Ass
embl
y
Bar
bara
Cot
tam
Vic
e Pr
esid
ent/D
irec
tor
of P
ublic
Aff
airs
Citi
zens
Ban
k
Lau
reen
D'A
mbr
aC
hild
Adv
ocat
eSt
ate
of R
hode
Isl
and
Off
ice
of th
e C
hild
Adv
ocat
e
Alm
a Fe
lix G
reen
Pres
iden
tW
omen
's D
evel
opm
ent C
orpo
ratio
n
Che
ryl F
ishe
rAlle
nT
each
erG
ilber
t Stu
art E
lem
enta
ry S
choo
l
Rab
bi L
eslie
Y. G
utte
rman
Tem
ple
Bet
hEl
Judi
th H
anra
ttyE
xecu
tive
Dir
ecto
rW
ood
Riv
er H
ealth
Ser
vice
s
Kev
in H
ive
lyD
irec
tor
of P
olic
yG
over
nor's
Off
ice
Will
iam
H. H
ollin
shea
d II
I, M
DM
edic
al D
iiect
orD
ivis
ion
of F
amily
Hea
lthR
hode
Isl
and
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth j3
2
RH
OD
E IS
LAN
D K
IDS
CO
UN
T C
OM
MIT
TE
ES
Rev
eren
d W
illie
R. J
ames
, Sr.
Cha
irm
anT
he G
athe
ring
Jere
mia
h S.
Jer
emia
h, J
r.C
hief
Jud
geR
hode
Isl
and
Fam
ily C
ourt
Lin
da K
atz
Atto
rney
Rho
de I
slan
d L
egal
Ser
vice
s, I
nc.
Patr
icia
Mar
tinez
Exe
cutiv
e D
irec
tor
Prog
reso
Lat
ino
Phom
Mou
eyC
ambo
dian
Out
reac
hC
entr
al H
igh
Scho
ol
How
ard
Phen
gxop
hone
Dir
ecto
rSo
uthe
ast A
sian
You
th a
nd F
amily
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
ject
Gar
y Sa
sse
Exe
cutiv
e D
irec
tor
Rho
de I
slan
d Pu
blic
Exp
endi
ture
Cou
ncil
Dav
id S
lone
Pres
iden
tR
hode
Isl
and
Hos
pita
l Fou
ndat
ion
Alla
n St
ein
Vic
e Pr
esid
ent f
or P
ublic
Pol
icy
Uni
ted
Way
of
Sout
heas
tern
New
Eng
land
Tru
e T
hao
Dir
ecto
r of
Soc
ial S
ervi
ces
John
Hop
e Se
ttlem
ent H
ouse
Mar
ia L
uisa
Val
lejo
Boa
rd P
resi
dent
Cen
ter
for
His
pani
c Po
licy
and
Adv
ocac
y
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
TT
echn
ical
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
Ric
hard
Bat
tisto
niD
irec
tor
Fein
stei
n In
stitu
te f
or P
ublic
Ser
vice
Prov
iden
ce C
olle
ge
Lar
ry C
ulpe
pper
, MD
Prof
esso
r of
Fam
ily M
edic
ine
Dir
ecto
r of
Res
earc
hM
emor
ial H
ospi
tal
Dav
id G
agno
nE
xecu
tive
Dir
ecto
rN
atio
nal P
erin
atal
Inf
orm
atio
n C
ente
r
Ric
hard
Gen
esD
irec
tor
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Res
earc
h Pr
ogra
mU
nive
rsity
of
Rho
de I
slan
d
Mar
cia
Mar
ker
Feld
Com
mun
ity P
lann
ing
and
Are
aD
evel
opm
ent
Uni
vers
ity o
f R
hode
Isl
and
Ele
anor
M. M
cMah
onA
. Alf
red
Tau
bman
Cen
ter
for
Publ
ic P
olic
yan
d A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
ions
Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity
Fayn
eese
Mill
erE
duca
tion
Dep
artm
ent
Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity
Jane
Nug
ent
Vic
e Pr
esid
ent f
or R
esea
rch
and
Info
rmat
ion
Uni
ted
Way
of
Sout
heas
tern
New
Eng
land
Len
ore
Ols
enSc
hool
of
Soci
al W
ork
Rho
de I
slan
d C
olle
ge
Jean
Bur
ritt
Rob
erts
onC
oord
inat
or o
f R
esea
rch
Rho
de I
slan
d H
ousi
ng
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
TSt
ate
Age
ncy
Lia
ison
s
Sam
ara
Vot
er B
row
nD
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth
Geo
rge
McD
onou
ghD
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n
Patr
icia
Mat
hew
sD
epar
tmen
t of
Chi
ldre
nY
outh
and
Fam
ilies
Step
hen
McA
llist
erD
epar
tmen
t of
Men
tal H
ealth
Paul
McL
augh
linD
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Gill
ette
Hun
tD
epar
tmen
t of
Subs
tanc
e A
buse
Gra
ce B
eise
rA
lvin
Joh
nson
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
dmin
istr
atio
n
Bar
bara
Wea
ver
Dep
artm
ent o
f St
ate
Lib
rary
Ser
vice
s
Dav
id H
edde
nM
argu
erite
DiP
alm
aFa
mily
Cou
rt
Nor
man
Dak
ake
Gov
erno
r's J
ustic
e C
omm
issi
on
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
67
133
L.O
MM
UIl
lty L
eaae
rsni
p l..
0111
1C11
Chr
istin
e A
buel
oC
ente
r fo
r H
ispa
nic
Polic
y an
d A
dvoc
acy
Ray
mon
d A
rsen
ault
Spur
win
k Sc
hool
Mar
ion
Ava
rist
aT
rave
lers
Aid
Soc
iety
of
Rho
de I
slan
d
Len
ette
Azz
i-L
essi
ngC
hild
ren'
s Fr
iend
and
Ser
vice
Fede
rick
a B
ettin
ger
The
Pro
vide
nce
Cen
ter
Stan
ley
Blo
ck, M
.D.
Prov
iden
ce A
mbu
lato
ry H
ealth
Car
eFo
unda
tion
Dia
ne B
rous
seau
-Piz
ziSo
uthe
ast A
sian
Sup
port
Cen
ter
Joyc
e B
utle
rB
row
n/Fo
x Po
int D
ay C
are
Dan
Cha
llene
rPr
ovid
ence
Blu
epri
nt f
or E
duca
tion
Mic
hael
Cer
ullo
Oce
an S
tate
Fre
e-N
et
Bre
nda
Cle
men
tR
hode
Isl
and
Hou
sing
Net
wor
k
Bar
bara
Col
tR
hode
Isl
and
Hea
lth C
ente
rs A
ssoc
iatio
n
Tim
othy
J. C
onlo
nD
AW
N f
or C
hild
ren
Kat
e C
oyne
-McC
oy, R
hode
Isl
and
Cha
pter
Nat
iona
l Ass
ocia
tion
of S
ocia
l Wor
kers
Deb
orah
De
Bar
eW
omen
's R
esou
rce
Cen
ter
of S
outh
Cou
nty
Rob
ert D
e B
lois
Urb
an C
olla
bora
tive
Acc
eler
ated
Pro
gram
Nan
cy D
orse
yJu
nior
Lea
gue
of R
hode
Isl
and
Eliz
abet
h E
arls
Rho
de I
slan
d C
ounc
il of
Com
mun
ityM
enta
l Hea
lth C
ente
rs
John
E. F
arle
y, J
r., M
.D.
Bra
dley
Hos
pita
l
Paul
Fitz
gera
ldFA
CT
S H
ouse
Patr
icia
Fla
naga
n M
.D.
Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity S
choo
l of
Med
icin
e
Ele
anor
Fre
daC
hild
hood
Lea
d A
ctio
n Pr
ojec
t
Con
nie
Gal
lant
Con
nect
ing
For
Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
es
Jam
es G
anna
way
Cas
ey F
amily
Ser
vice
s
Rut
h G
lass
man
Off
ice
of th
e M
enta
l Hea
lth A
dvoc
ate
Jam
es G
lass
onC
omm
unity
Par
tner
ship
for
Sub
stan
ceA
buse
Pre
vent
ion
Jose
Gon
zale
zE
duca
tion
Alli
ance
, Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity
Mar
y Si
lvia
Har
riso
nR
hode
Isl
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Cru
sade
Ber
nard
Hea
th, J
r.Fa
mily
Res
ourc
es, I
nc.
Mar
gare
t Hol
land
RIC
OR
P
Non
das
Hur
st V
oll
Fund
for
Com
mun
ity P
rogr
ess
Sena
tor
Tho
mas
Izz
oR
hode
Isl
and
Stat
e Se
nate
Patr
icia
Jae
hnig
Dio
cese
of
Prov
iden
ce
Judy
Jon
esR
hode
Isl
and
Hou
sing
Susa
n A
dler
Kap
lan
Prov
iden
ce S
choo
l Dep
artm
ent
Dav
id K
arof
fT
he R
hode
Isl
and
Com
mis
sion
for
Nat
iona
l and
Com
mun
ity S
ervi
ce
Jeff
Kat
zO
cean
Sta
te A
dopt
ion
Res
ourc
e E
xcha
nge
Sist
er A
nne
Kee
feC
ity A
rts
Dan
iel K
ertz
ner
Cam
paig
n to
Elim
inat
e C
hild
Pov
erty
Bru
ce K
omis
keH
asbr
o C
hild
ren'
s H
ospi
tal
Tan
ya K
ubas
-Mey
erR
hode
Isl
and
Coa
litio
n fo
r th
e H
omel
ess
Syda
vong
Kue
Hm
ong
Uni
ted
Ass
ocia
tes
of R
hode
Isl
and
Shan
nah
Kur
land
Dir
ect A
ctio
n Fo
r R
ight
s an
d E
qual
ity
Sist
er M
arle
ne L
alib
erte
The
Gen
esis
Cen
ter
Peg
Lan
gham
mer
Rho
de I
slan
d R
ape
Cri
sis
Cen
ter
Pete
r L
eeC
ertif
ied
Inde
pend
ent S
ocia
l Wor
ker
Susa
n L
eten
dre
Pare
nt S
uppo
rt N
etw
ork
Mic
helle
Liv
esy
Subs
tanc
e A
buse
Tas
k Fo
rce
Ass
ocia
tion
Pete
r M
arsh
all
Stop
Ove
r Se
rvic
es, I
nc.
Sist
er B
arba
ra M
cMic
hael
Prov
iden
ce H
ead
Star
t
Mar
tha
McV
icke
rR
I Pr
otec
tion
& A
dvoc
acy
Syst
em
Rita
Mic
hael
son
Dor
cas
Plac
e
Rev
eren
d Ja
mes
Mill
erR
hode
Isl
and
Stat
e C
ounc
il of
Chu
rche
s
Jose
ph N
ewso
me
RI
Com
mitt
ee f
or N
on-V
iole
nce
Initi
ativ
es
Will
iam
Oh,
M.D
.H
asbr
o C
hild
ren'
s H
ospi
tal
Cha
d O
lcot
tC
ity Y
ear
Gra
ce O
sedi
acz
New
port
Par
tner
ship
for
Fam
ilies
Sena
tor
Mar
y Pa
re ll
aR
hode
Isl
and
Stat
e Se
nate
Vid
al P
erez
Lat
ino
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces
Sally
Pow
ers
Mar
ch o
f D
imes
Har
vey
Pres
s, R
hode
Isl
and
Cha
pter
Nat
iona
l Edu
catio
n A
ssoc
iatio
n,
Lt.
John
Rei
sPr
ovid
ence
Pol
ice
Dep
artm
ent
Ros
emar
y Sa
ntos
Uni
ted
Bla
ck a
nd B
row
n Fu
nd
Mon
ica
Scha
berg
, M.D
., R
hode
Isl
and
Cha
pter
Am
eric
an A
cade
my
of P
edia
tric
s,
Jenn
ifer
Shu
ster
Wom
en &
Inf
ants
Hos
pita
l
Rev
eren
d W
illia
m S
haw
Coa
litio
n fo
r Im
mig
rant
s an
d R
efug
ees
Hen
ry S
helto
nG
eorg
e W
iley
Cen
ter
John
Sym
ynky
wic
zD
AW
N f
or C
hild
ren
Mar
y T
rini
tyR
I C
oalit
ion
Aga
inst
Dom
estic
Vio
lenc
e
Hap
py W
hite
Tac
o, I
nc.
Ted
Whi
tesi
deR
I C
hapt
er, N
atio
nal C
omm
ittee
toPr
even
t Chi
ld A
buse
Tho
mas
Whi
tten
John
Hop
e Se
ttlem
ent H
ouse
Rob
ert W
oo le
rIn
tera
genc
y C
olla
bora
tive
ofB
lack
ston
e V
alle
y
6819
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fact
book
135
The
Rho
de I
slan
d 19
95 K
IDS
CO
UN
TFa
ctbo
ok w
as m
ade
poss
ible
by
the
effo
rts
ofm
any
dedi
cate
d in
divi
dual
s. R
hode
Isl
and
KID
S C
OU
NT
gre
atfu
lly a
ckno
wle
dges
thei
r as
sist
ance
.
Bet
ty K
ing,
Bill
O'H
are
and
Jenn
ifer
Bar
atz
of T
he A
nnie
E. C
asey
Fou
ndat
ion
for
thei
ren
cour
agem
ent a
nd te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e.
The
KID
SCOUNT
Proj
ects
in o
ther
sta
tes
that
hav
e le
d th
e w
ay in
pro
duci
ng K
IDS
CO
UN
T F
actb
ooks
. The
KID
S C
OU
NT
Proj
ects
in G
eorg
ia, M
aryl
and
and
Was
hing
ton
for
thei
r id
eas
on d
esig
n an
dco
nten
t.
Jack
D. C
ombs
, Res
earc
h A
dmin
istr
ator
at
the
A. A
lfre
d T
aubm
an C
ente
r fo
r Pu
blic
Polic
y an
d A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
ions
, Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity, f
or th
e co
ordi
natio
n an
d an
alys
isof
the
data
.
Sam
ara
Vin
erB
row
n, D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
Hea
lth, a
nd T
hom
as L
argo
, Off
ice
of H
ealth
Stat
istic
s, R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, f
or th
eco
ordi
natio
n an
d an
alyi
s of
dat
a fr
om th
e R
ID
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Lar
ry M
anir
e of
Dat
abas
ics,
Inc
. for
assi
stan
ce in
dat
a an
alys
is.
Mic
hael
Ric
h, f
orm
er d
irec
tor
of th
ePr
ovid
ence
Pla
n, f
or h
is a
ssis
tanc
e an
dsu
ppor
t dur
ing
the
initi
al p
hase
of
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T.
Bet
sy G
reen
woo
d an
d B
ill M
ott o
fG
reen
woo
d A
ssoc
iate
s fo
r th
e de
sign
and
layo
ut o
f th
e Fa
ctbo
ok, B
ill M
ott f
or th
ear
twor
k, a
nd E
.A. J
ohns
on C
o. f
or th
epr
intin
g of
the
Fact
book
.
136
Ric
k Sc
hwar
tz o
f T
he R
hode
Isl
and
Foun
datio
n fo
r hi
s as
sist
ance
dur
ing
all
phas
es o
f Fa
ctbo
ok d
esig
n an
d pr
oduc
tion.
Eliz
abet
h M
elen
dez,
KID
SCOUNT
Proj
ect A
ssis
tant
, and
Sco
tt M
inko
ff f
orth
eir
assi
stan
ce w
ith w
ord
proc
essi
ng.
Nild
a C
arab
allo
, Rec
eptio
nist
, The
Rho
deIs
land
Fou
ndat
ion,
for
her
ass
ista
nce.
Mem
bers
of
the
KID
SCOUNT
Stee
ring
Com
mitt
ee a
nd T
echn
ical
Adv
isor
yC
omm
ittee
for
thei
r as
sist
ance
in s
hapi
ngth
e fo
rmat
and
con
tent
of
the
Fact
book
.
The
Sta
te A
genc
y D
irec
tors
of
the
Rho
deIs
land
Chi
ldre
n's
Cab
inet
for
thei
r on
goin
gsu
ppor
t of
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDSCOUNT
Gra
ce B
eise
r, R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Adm
inis
trat
ion;
Jan
e N
ugen
t, U
nite
d W
ayof
Sou
thea
ster
n N
ew E
ngla
nd; T
hom
asA
nton
, Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity; N
ancy
Gew
irtz
,R
hode
Isl
and
Col
lege
; Etta
Gre
en J
ohns
on,
Ric
k Sc
hwar
tz, T
he R
hode
Isl
and
Foun
datio
n, f
or th
eir
revi
ew o
f th
eFa
ctbo
ok in
dra
ft f
orm
.
AC
KN
OW
LED
GE
ME
NT
S
For
thei
r te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e w
ith th
efo
llow
ing
sect
ions
of
the
Fact
book
:
Chi
ldre
n in
Sin
gle
Pare
nt F
amili
es:
Nan
cy G
ewir
tz, R
hode
Isl
and
Col
lege
Scho
ol o
f So
cial
Wor
k; R
uth
Her
sh,
The
Rho
de I
slan
d Fo
unda
tion.
Med
ian
Inco
me:
Jac
k M
urph
y, R
ID
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Chi
ldSu
ppor
t Pro
gram
; Rut
h H
ersh
, The
Rho
deIs
land
Fou
ndat
ion.
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
: Jea
n B
urri
ttR
ober
tson
, Rho
de I
slan
d H
Ous
ing;
Rut
hH
ersh
, The
Rho
de I
slan
d Fo
lund
atio
n.
Chi
ldre
n R
ecei
ving
Pub
lic A
ssis
tanc
e:L
inda
Kat
z, R
hode
Isl
and
Leg
al S
ervi
ces
Cor
pora
tion;
She
rry
Cam
pane
lli, J
ack
Bam
ford
, Ter
ry H
aidt
, RI
Dep
artm
ent o
fH
uman
Ser
vice
s; T
hom
as F
. Jav
or,
RI
Com
mun
ity F
ood
Ban
k.
Ren
t Bur
den:
Jea
n B
urri
tt R
ober
tson
,R
hode
Isl
and
Hou
sing
; Dav
id M
cCre
adie
,R
I Fo
od a
nd S
helte
r B
oard
; Alla
n St
ein,
Uni
ted
Way
of
Sout
heas
tern
New
Eng
land
;R
aym
ond
Ars
enau
lt, S
purw
ink
Scho
ol.
Wom
en w
ith D
elay
ed P
rena
tal C
are,
Low
Bir
thw
eigh
t Inf
ants
, Inf
ant
Mor
talit
y, B
irth
s to
Unm
arri
ed T
eens
:W
illia
m H
ollin
shea
d M
.D.,
Sam
ara
Vin
er-B
row
n, R
ache
l Cai
n, R
I D
epar
tmen
tof
Hea
lth; D
avid
Gag
non,
Nat
iona
lPe
rina
tal I
nfor
mat
ion
Cen
ter;
Jan
e N
ugen
t,U
nite
d W
ay o
f So
uthe
aste
rn N
ew E
ngla
nd;
Kar
en V
oci,
The
Rho
de I
slan
d Fo
unda
tion.
Wom
en a
nd C
hild
ren
Rec
eivi
ng W
IC:
Will
iam
Hol
linsh
ead
M.D
., B
arba
ra S
penc
er,
Bill
Mos
kosk
y, R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Chi
ldre
n R
ecei
ving
Sch
ool L
unch
:R
ober
t Kav
eny,
Adr
ienn
e D
iMeo
, RI
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
lem
enta
ry a
nd S
econ
dary
Edu
catio
n; D
anie
l Ker
tzne
r, R
I C
ampa
ign
To
Elim
inat
e C
hild
hood
Pov
erty
.
Chi
ldre
n w
ith L
ead
Pois
onin
g:Pe
ter
Sim
on, M
.D.,
Tho
mas
Ber
tran
d,R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Chi
ldre
n w
ithou
t Hea
lth I
nsur
ance
:B
arba
ra C
olt,
Rho
de I
slan
d H
ealth
Cen
ters
Ass
ocia
tion;
Gra
ce O
sedi
acz,
New
port
Part
ners
hip
for
Fam
ilies
.
Chi
ldho
od I
mm
uniz
atio
n: K
imSa
lisbu
ry-K
eith
, RI
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
.
Acc
ess
to D
enta
l Car
e: M
aure
en R
oss,
Mar
y L
ou D
iSan
tis, R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth; R
ober
t Per
sson
, St.
Jose
ph H
ospi
tal
Den
tal C
linic
; Sta
nley
Blo
ck, M
.D.,
Prov
iden
ce A
mbu
lato
ry H
ealth
Cen
ters
Foun
datio
n.
Chi
ldre
n's
Men
tal H
ealth
: Eliz
abet
h E
arls
,R
I C
ounc
il of
Com
mun
ity M
enta
l Hea
lthC
ente
rs; J
ohn
E. F
arle
y, J
r., M
.D.,
Bra
dley
Hos
pita
l; Fe
deri
cka
Bet
tinge
r, T
hePr
ovid
ence
Cen
ter.
Chi
ld D
eath
s an
d T
een
Dea
ths:
Tho
mas
Lar
go, J
anic
e Fo
ntes
, RI
Dep
artm
ent o
fH
ealth
; Jac
quel
ine
Asc
rizz
i, R
I D
epar
tmen
tof
Ele
men
tary
and
Sec
onda
ry E
duca
tion.
cont
inue
d ne
xt p
age
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
ids
Cou
nt F
actb
ook
69
137
AC
KN
OW
LED
GE
ME
NT
S
Juve
nile
s R
efer
red
to F
amily
Cou
rt:
Dav
id .R
edde
n, M
argu
erite
Di P
alm
a, R
IFa
mily
Cou
rt; L
aure
en D
'Am
bra,
Off
ice
ofth
e C
hild
Adv
ocat
e; M
ario
n A
vari
sta,
Tra
vele
rs A
id S
ocie
ty o
f R
hode
Isl
and;
Pete
r M
arsh
all,
Stop
over
Ser
vice
s; B
roth
erM
icha
el R
eis,
Mic
hele
Bud
d, T
ides
Fam
ilySe
rvic
es; N
orm
an D
akak
e, G
over
nor's
Just
ice
Com
mis
sion
; Len
ore
Ols
en, R
hode
Isla
nd C
olle
ge S
choo
l of
Soci
al W
ork;
Sam
ara
Vin
er-B
row
n, R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth; M
elvi
n B
ell,
The
Rho
de I
slan
dFo
unda
tion.
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
: Car
olyn
Frie
dman
, Pat
rici
a M
athe
ws,
Tho
mas
Dw
yer,
Lee
Bak
er, R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Chi
ldre
n, Y
outh
and
Fam
ilies
; Ric
hard
Gel
les,
Fam
ily V
iole
nce
Res
earc
h Pr
ogra
m,
Uni
vers
ity o
f R
hode
Isl
and;
Ted
Whi
tesi
de,
RI
Com
mitt
ee to
Pre
vent
Chi
ld A
buse
;E
lda
Daw
ber,
RI
Rap
e C
risi
s C
ente
r; J
ames
Gan
naw
ay, C
asey
Fam
ily S
ervi
ces;
Len
ore
Ols
en, R
hode
Isl
and
Col
lege
Sch
ool o
fSo
cial
Wor
k; J
ohn
Sym
ynky
wic
z, D
AW
Nfo
r C
hild
ren;
Mik
e C
erru
lo, O
cean
Sta
teFr
ee-N
et; C
arol
yn B
ened
ict-
Dre
w, F
amily
Serv
ice,
Inc
.
Chi
ldre
n E
nrol
led
in H
ead
Star
t: A
ndre
aD
odge
, US
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces
Reg
ion
I; M
ary
Leg
acy,
Cra
nsto
n C
hild
Dev
elop
men
t Cen
ter;
Lyn
da D
icki
nson
, CH
ILD
, Inc
.; Si
ster
Bar
bara
McM
icha
el, P
rovi
denc
e H
ead
Star
t;A
nne
Dim
ase,
Sou
th C
ount
y H
ead
Star
t;M
ary
Nug
ent,
Eas
t Bay
Hea
d St
art;
Law
renc
e Pu
ccia
relli
, New
Vis
ions
Hea
dSt
art,
New
port
; Sus
an C
onat
on, T
rito
wn
Hea
d St
art;
Kar
en B
ouch
ard,
Woo
nsoc
ket
Hea
d St
art;
Lau
ra D
avis
, The
Rho
de I
slan
dC
olle
ge S
choo
l of
Soci
al W
ork.
138
Hig
h Sc
hool
Gra
duat
ion
Rat
e: D
anC
halle
ner,
Pro
vide
nce
Blu
epri
nt f
orE
duca
tion;
Mar
cia
Mar
ker
Feld
, Gay
laG
azze
ro, U
rban
Fie
ld C
ente
r, U
nive
rsity
of R
hode
Isl
and;
Geo
rge
McD
onou
gh,
Jacq
uelin
e A
scri
zzi,
Kar
en C
oope
r, M
arie
Gar
iepy
, Jim
Kar
on, R
I D
epar
tmen
t of
Ele
men
tary
and
Sec
onda
ry E
duca
tion;
Jos
eG
onza
lez,
Edu
catio
n A
llian
ce, B
row
nU
nive
rsity
; Ele
anor
McM
ahon
, Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity; J
ane
Nug
ent,
Uni
ted
Way
of
Sout
heas
tern
New
Eng
land
; Tri
na B
arne
s,U
rban
Lea
gue;
Car
olyn
Ben
edic
t-D
rew
;R
ober
t Woo
ler,
RI
You
th G
uida
nce
Cen
ter;
Judi
th B
eckm
an, T
he R
hode
Isl
and
Foun
datio
n.
Tee
ns N
ot in
Sch
ool a
nd N
ot in
the
Lab
or F
orce
: Mar
cia
Mar
ker
Feld
, Urb
anFi
eld
Cen
ter,
Uni
vers
ity o
f R
hode
Isl
and.
1995
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
TFa
ctbo
ok E
dito
rs
Eliz
abet
h B
urke
Bry
ant
Proj
ect D
irec
tor
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T
Cat
heri
ne B
oisv
ert W
alsh
Prog
ram
Off
icer
, Chi
ldre
n an
d Fa
mili
esT
he R
hode
Isl
and
Foun
datio
n
7019
95 R
hode
Isl
and
Kid
s C
ount
Fac
tboo
k/A
CK
NO
WLE
DG
EM
EN
TS
Poet
ry C
redi
ts
"To
You
" ©
1962
by
Lan
gsto
n H
ughe
s,re
prin
ted
from
Sou
l Loo
ks B
ack
In W
onde
r,Pe
ngui
n Pr
ess.
"Whe
re T
he S
idew
alk
End
s" ©
1974
by
Shel
Silv
erst
ein,
rep
rint
ed f
rom
Whe
re T
heSi
dew
alk
End
s by
per
mis
sion
of
Har
per,
Col
lins
Publ
ishe
rs.
"Bea
uty"
by
E-Y
eh-S
hure
, fro
m "
I A
m a
Pueb
lo I
ndia
n G
irl"
, rep
rint
ed b
y pe
rmis
-si
on o
f W
illia
m M
orro
w &
Co.
, Inc
.
"In
The
Pla
ygro
und"
, ©19
90 b
y A
biod
unO
yew
ole,
rep
rint
ed f
rom
Sou
l Loo
ks B
ack
In W
onde
r, P
engu
in P
ress
.
"Hol
d Fa
st Y
our
Dre
ams"
, ©19
16 b
y L
ouis
eD
risc
oll,
repr
inte
d fr
om T
ime
for
Poet
ry,
3rd
Edi
tion,
with
per
mis
sion
of
Scot
tFo
resm
an a
nd C
o.
"You
r W
orld
", b
y G
eorg
ia D
ougl
asJo
hnso
n, r
epri
nted
fro
m M
ake
A J
oyfu
lSo
unch
Poe
ms
for
Chi
ldre
n by
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an P
oets
, Che
cker
boar
d Pr
ess.
139
Rho
de I
slan
d K
IDS
CO
UN
T
do T
he R
hode
Isl
and
Foun
datio
n
70 E
lm S
tree
t
Prov
iden
ce, R
I 02
903
Phon
e: 4
01-2
74-4
564
Fax:
401
-331
-808
5
1414
1
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