Training Course on “Training of Trainers from the Greater Mekong Sub-

Region on Decentralized Education Planning in the Context of Public Sector Management Reform”

Education IndicatorsEducation Indicators

Mekong Institute & UNESCO Regional Office-Bangkok

23 February – 6 March 2009; Khon Kaen, Thailand

Prepared by the Education Policy and Reform UnitUNESCO Bangkok

February 2009

Module E3

Slide 1

Access and Coverage

Slide 2

Access Coverage

ConceptuallyFocus on the starting point in a cycle

Focus on the entire duration in a cycle

Technically Admission

TransitionEnrolment

Access (1) Gross Admission Rate

# of new students enrolled in Grade 1 of Level 1 regardless of age

-----------------------------------------------population of official admission age to

Level 1

Slide 3

Access (2)

Net Admission Rate

# of new students of official admission age to Level 1 enrolled in Grade 1 in Level 1----------------------------------------------------------

population of official admission age to Level 1

Slide 4

Access (3)

Age-specific Admission Rate

# of new students of age X enrolled in Grade 1 of Level 1

-------------------------------------------------population of age X

Slide 5

NAR is a special case of AAR

Transition Rate

# of new students enrolled in Grade 1 of Level 2 in year t

------------------------------------------------- # of students enrolled in the final grade of

Level 1 in year t-1

Slide 6

The base is NOT the population

Access (4)

Gross Enrolment Rate

# of students enrolled in a cycle regardless of age

-------------------------------------------------

population of official age for this cycle

Slide 7

Coverage (1)

Net Enrolment Rate

# of students of official age enrolled in a cycle

----------------------------------------------------------population of official age for this cycle

Slide 8

Coverage (2)

Age-specific Enrolment Rate

# of students of age X enrolled in schools regardless of cycle

-------------------------------------------------population of age X

Slide 9

Coverage (3)

Percentage of over-aged students

# of over-aged students in a cycle-------------------------------------------------

# of total students in a cycle

Slide 10

The base is NOT the population!!

Coverage (4)

Percentage of students of non-official age

# of students of non-official age in a cycle

-------------------------------------------------# of total students in a cycle

Slide 11

Non-official age = Over-aged and under-aged

Coverage (5)

Percentage of pupils out of school

(population of official age for a cycle)

– (#of students of official age in a cycle)-------------------------------------------------

population of official age for a cycle

Slide 12

Coverage (6)

The indicators on access and coverage do not show the rate of going through the system;

Calculations requires detailed demographic data (for example, for different ages)

Certain type of data are not available regularly (example, census every ten years)

These indicators do not show the educational achievement

They may not show the real magnitude of the problem (for example, enrolment vs. enrolment rate)

International comparison needs to be made with caution taking into consideration the context.

Slide 13

Limitation

Efficiency“optimal relationship between input and output”with a given output with a minimum input

with a maximum output with a given input

Slide 14

Efficiency in education (1)Educational output

External efficiencyKnowledge, skills, attitudes, passing the

final exam, passing the entrance exam of the next cycle, etc.

Internal efficiencyMaximum number of pupils who complete the

cycle successfully within the prescribed period

Slide 15

Efficiency in education (2)Educational Input (pupil-year)

Human resources - school heads, teachers, school staff, etc.

Material resources – textbooks, classroom equipment, school furniture, school building, etc.

Slide 16

Flow of Students

Slide 17

Enrolment in Grade 1 in 2006

Repetition for Grade 1 in 2007

Drop-out during 2006

Promotion to Grade 2 in 2007

Promotion Rate

students promoted to Grade g+1 in year t+1

-------------------------------------------------------

enrolment in Grade g in year t

Slide 18

Repetition Rate

students repeating Grade g in year t+1------------------------------------------------------

-enrolment in Grade g in year t

Slide 19

Drop-out Rate

students dropping out of Grade g during year t

-------------------------------------------------------enrolment in Grade g in year t

Slide 20

Flow rates

Slide 21

Repetition Rate

Drop-out Rate

Promotion Rate

100%

Cohort cohort – a group of persons who jointly

experience a series of events over a period of time

school cohort – a group of students who enter the first grade of a given cycle in the same school year and subsequently experience promotion, repetition, drop-out, or successful completion of the final grade

Slide 22

AssumptionsNo additional new entrantsHypothesis of homogeneous behaviour

regardless of previous behaviourDefinition of the limit of the number of

repeatingSame flow rates through years

Slide 23

Wastage ratioactual input/output ratio-------------------------------------ideal input/output ratio

wherestudent-years going through the system

actual input/output ratio = ------------------------------------------------

successful “completers”

Slide 24

Survival rate

total students promoted in successive years--------------------------------------------------

Initial numbers in the cohort

Slide 25

Average duration of study per graduate

Grads_1 x Y + Grads_2 x (Y +1) + Grads_3 x (Y+2) + etc..

--------------------------------------------------------------total graduates produced

where Y = prescribed number of years to graduate

Slide 26

Proportion of total wastage accounted for by drop-outs

DO1 x 1 + DO2 x 2 + DO3 x 3 + DO4 x 4 + DO5 x 5 + etc

-----------------------------------------------------------(total student-years)

– (success grads. x ideal years to graduate)

Slide 27

The Concept of Quality (1)Quality of the “inputs”

adequate human, material & curriculum resources

Quality of the “process”internal efficiencyschool functioning

Slide 28

The Concept of Quality (2)Quality of the “outputs”

achievementin knowledge, skills and values

Quality of the “outcomes”external efficiencyimpact on personal and social development

Slide 29

Indicators of Quality (1)Quality of the “inputs”

% of qualified teachersstudent/classroom ratiostudent/textbook ratio

Quality of the “process”repetition, drop-out, promotion ratesurvival rate% of schools with functioning PTAsstudent attendance rate

Slide 30

Indicators of Quality (2)Quality of the “outputs”

examination results achievement test resultsLiteracy rate

Quality of the “outcomes”% unemployed among primary, secondary,

university graduates

Slide 31

Thank You

Slide 32