Education in Oklahoma

Education in Oklahoma

Presented to the Interim Study CommitteeSeptember 26, 2013

Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater Tulsa, with support from the Metropolitan Human Services Commission

Reported Graduation Rates: Oklahoma

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120.0%

10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%

100.0%

72.9% 73.4% 74.4% 74.3% 75.2% 74.3% 74.5% 75.4%

0.973 0.972 0.97 0.973 0.978 0.979 0.979 0.977

0.796 0.772 0.784 0.798 0.79

Graduation Rate Senior Graduation RateAveraged Freshman Graduation Rate

Graduation rate is calculated by comparing the current number of graduates to the 9 th grade student enrollment four years earlier. Beginning 2005 a Senior graduation rate was used, which divides current year graduates by graduates plus dropouts (under age 19) for the 12th grade that same year. SYE 2008 Average freshman graduation rate was added for state and county district totals, calculated as current graduates divided by the cohort of the average number of students in 8 th, 9th, and 10th grades.

Source: Education Oversight Board, Office of Accountability.

High School and College Graduation Rates, Oklahoma and Surrounding States

US Missouri Kansas Oklahoma Arkansas Colorado Texas New Mexico0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

High School graduation rates (2007-08)Percent of high school graduates going directly to college (2008)College 6-year graduation rates of Bachelors students (2009)

Source: The National Center for Higher Education Management Systems Information Center.

High School Graduation Rates: Oklahoma, 2011-12 School Year

4-year grad. Rate (2010-11)

Econ. disadvantaged

White

Hispanic

Asian

American Indian

Black

All students

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

82%

85%

90%

83%

94%

87%

85%

89%

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education, Office of Accountability, 2011-12 AMO (Annual Measurable Objectives); Oklahoma State Department of Education ”no child Left Behind Act” Annual Report Card 2010-11.

Achieving Classroom Excellence Law

• The Achieving Classroom Excellence (ACE) law states that: Beginning with students entering the ninth grade in the 2008-2009 school year, every student shall demonstrate mastery of the state academic content standards in the following subject areas in order to graduate from a public high school with a standard diploma:

• (a) Algebra I;(b) English II; and(c) Two of the following five:(1) Algebra II,(2) Biology I,(3) English III,(4) Geometry, and(5) United States History. (70 O.S. § 1210.523)

Unintentional Effect of Achieving Classroom Excellence Law

• “Students who do not meet EOI requirements and thus do not graduate will be reported by a school district as a “dropout.” Students can enroll as a 5th year senior in 2012-13 to take ACE remediation classes and retake the EOI tests in order to earn a diploma. Without a high school diploma a student can attend a two-year community college such as Tulsa Community College or a technical school. But, without a high school diploma a student cannot attend a four - year college or university, receive a college scholarship or serve in the military.”

Source: Tulsa Kids, April 2012, “Oklahoma End of Instruction Tests.”

Oklahoma Seniors Negatively Impacted by Achieving Classroom Excellence Law

• The Oklahoma State Department of Education estimates that 97% of Oklahoma high school seniors will meet ACE standards, leaving 3% who will not, and therefore will not receive high school diploma and will be classified as dropouts.

• This 3% represents about 1,200 seniors each year.

GED Facts• In 2011, 8884 Oklahoma adults without a high school credential

completed the GED test• Of these, 6669 passed the test for a rate of 75.1%; national average is

72.2%• In Oklahoma, test offered in English and Spanish• Over a third of Oklahoma GED test candidates are age 19-24• 54% are male• 59% white, 16% American Indian/Alaska Native, 14% African American, 9%

Hispanic• 55% report taking GED test for educational reason, 54% for personal

reason, 51% for employment reason (multiple reasons could be chosen)• Upon passing the GED Tests in Oklahoma, examinees will receive an

Oklahoma State High School Diploma.

Percentage of 4th Graders Not Proficient in Reading by Race and Hispanic Origin: United States: 2011

Source: Annie E. Casey Foundation, “KIDS COUNT Data Book, 2013.”

Enrollment and Percentage of Children Enrolled in Special Education, by School District

Tulsa County, School Year 2011-12

Berryhill Bixby BrokenArrow

Collins-ville

Glenpool Jenks Keystone Liberty Owasso SandSprings

Skiatook Sperry Tulsa Union0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Enrollment

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%Percent in Special Education

Enrollment % Spec. Ed.

Enrollment 1,203 5,072 16,985 2,627 2,421 10,686 359 613 9,336 5,248 2,608 1,358 41,199 14,990% Spec. Ed. 9.3% 13.9% 14.2% 13.1% 13.3% 14.6% 19.2% 15.8% 10.5% 13.0% 12.3% 11.5% 15.1% 10.2%

Tulsa County total ADM = 115,764; percentage in special education = 13.5%

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education, Education Oversight Board, Office of Accountability, District Data Profile, 2011-12.

Enrollment and Percentage of Children Enrolled in Special Education, by School District

Oklahoma County, School Year 2011-12

Bethany Choctaw/Nicoma

Park

CrookedOak

Crutcho DeerCreek

Edmond Harrah Jones Luther MidwestCity

Del City

Millwood Oakdale OklahomaCity

OklahomaVirtualAcad.

PutnamCity

Santa FeSouth

WesternHeights

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Enrollment

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%Percent in Special Education

Enrollment % Spec. Ed.

Enrollment 1,644 6,025 1,106 303 4,239 21,985 2,178 1,168 857 14,527 1,062 589 43,492 2,636 19,213 470 3,863% Spec. Ed. 16.5% 11.9% 14.6% 19.5% 13.4% 11.8% 20.2% 11.8% 16.7% 13.5% 10.6% 10.2% 12.5% 2.6% 13.5% 5.3% 11.6%

Oklahoma County total ADM = 125,357; percentage in special education = 12.6%

Source: Oklahoma State Department of Education, Education Oversight Board, Office of Accountability, District Data Profile, 2011-12.

Educational Attainment for Persons Age 25 & OlderOklahoma, Tulsa County and Oklahoma County, 2007-11

Less than high school

High school graduate

Some college

Associate degree

Bachelor's degree

Master's degree

Professional school degree

Doctorate degree

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%Oklahoma Tulsa County Oklahoma County

Oklahoma 14.1% 32.1% 24% 6.8% 15.5% 5.3% 1.4% 0.8%Tulsa County 11.8% 26.7% 24.2% 8.1% 19.9% 6.2% 2.1% 0.9%

Oklahoma County 14.2% 25.7% 25.3% 5.8% 19.1% 6.7% 2.3% 1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007-11 American Community Survey.

Note: Values shown are midpoint estimates within a 90% confidence range, which can be very wide. Estimates with margins of error exceeding +/- 10% of estimate are shown in italics.

Real hourly wage by educational attainmentUnited states, 1973-2012

19731975

19771979

19811983

19851987

19891991

19931995

19971999

20012003

20052007

20092011

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

$40

$45

Less than high school High school Some college College Advanced degree

2012 dollars

Source: Economic Policy Institute, The State of Working America, 12th Edition, table 4.14.

$29.56

$24.46

$18.06

$16.77

$14.63

$37.34

$28.28

$17.30

$15.78

$11.75

20

School and Employment Status of Youth Age 16 to 19: Oklahoma, 2009-11

82.1%

9.1%

2.9%6.0%

Enrolled in school Not enrolled in school: employedNot enrolled in school: unemployed Not enrolled in school: not in labor force

Source: US Census Bureau, 2009-11 American Community Survey.

N = 212,784

21

Employment Status of Young Adults Age 20 to 24: Oklahoma, 2009-11

64.1%

2.3%

8.7%

24.9%

Employed In armed forces Unemployed Not in labor force


N = 273,100

22

Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates among Persons 16 to 19 by Sex

1990 2000 2010 2020 Proj.0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

MenWomenBoth sexes

Source: Toossi, Mitra. “Employment Outlook: 2010-2020: Labor Force Projections to 2020: A More Slowly Growing Workforce,” Monthly Labor Review, January 2012.

25.2%

27.9%

26.5%

Prepared by the Community Service Council, with support from the Metropolitan Human Services Commission (5/20/2013).

23

Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates among Persons 20 to 24 by Sex

1990 2000 2010 2020 Proj.0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

MenWomenBoth sexes

Source: Toossi, Mitra. “Employment Outlook: 2010-2020: Labor Force Projections to 2020: A More Slowly Growing Workforce,” Monthly Labor Review, January 2012.

62.3%

69.4%65.9%

Prepared by the Community Service Council, with support from the Metropolitan Human Services Commission (5/20/2013).

Living Arrangements of Related Children Under 18Tulsa County, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 & 2010

Source: US Census Bureau, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 & 2010 Censuses.

Married Couple Male-headed Female-headed Other relatives0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100% 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

1970 82% 1% 11% 4%1980 74% 2% 16% 6%1990 71% 3% 18% 5%2000 65% 5% 21% 7%2010 61% 7% 23% 9%

Children living with 1 or both parents

Children in Non-Traditional SettingsOklahoma, 2000 and 2010

Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Census; Oklahoma Department of Human Services.

Living withgrandparents

Living withother relatives

Foster care Institutions0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000 2000 2010

2000 57,601 14,825 5,570 2,133% of children 6.5 1.7 0.6 0.2

2010 79,580 20,633 7,970 1,698% of children 8.6 2.2 0.9 0.2

Foster Care Facts• Number of children in foster care has been used as an indicator for future prison population

• 40 to 50% of children in foster care will not finish HS

• 66% will become homeless, go to jail or die within one year of leaving the foster care system at 18

• 80% of prison pop was once in foster care

• Girls in foster care are 600% more likely than general popualtion to become pregnant before 21

• Kids in foster care are also more likely to be on public assistance as adults.

• Those in institutions are those in supervised facilities, such as correctional facilities, nursing facilities, mental hospitals, group homes for juveniles, and residential treatment centers for juveniles

• Ok is tied for #44 in rate of children 0-17 in foster care system with rate of 8/1,000; national average is 5/1000.

Ratio of Income to Poverty LevelPercentage of Total Population and Selected Age Groups

Oklahoma and Tulsa County, 2007-11 Estimates


Totalpop

Under18

Under6

65+ Totalpop

Under18

Under6

65+0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Percentage of population

Below 100% Below 185% Below 200%

Below 100% 16% 23% 27% 10% 15% 23% 27% 8%Below 185% 35% 45% 51% 31% 32% 44% 50% 26%Below 200% 38% 49% 55% 35% 35% 47% 53% 30%

Oklahoma Tulsa CountyNote: Values shown are midpoint estimates within a 90% confidence range, which can be very wide. Estimates with margins of error exceeding +/- 10% of estimate are shown in italics.

Ratio of Income to Poverty LevelNumber of Persons: Total Population and Children

Oklahoma and Tulsa County, 2007-11 Estimates

Population Cohort All income levels 100% of poverty level

185% of poverty level

200% of poverty level

Oklahoma

Total population 3,600,116 586,046 1,257,743 1,370,140

Under 18 904,990 207,625 410,242 442,356

Under 6 306,023 82,266 156,312 167,709

65+ 480,328 45,926 149,077 166,306

Tulsa County

Total population 586,417 88,355 189,803 206,528

Under 18 149,936 33,867 6,5510 70,098

Under 6 52,333 14,132 26,237 27,781

65+ 69,350 5,696 18,334 20,645

Note: Values shown are midpoint estimates within a 90% confidence range, which can be very wide. Estimates with margins of error exceeding +/- 10% of estimate are shown in italics.


Poverty Level by Family TypeTulsa County, 2007-11 Estimates


11.1%

4.9%8.1%8.2%

16.3%4.9%

2.3%

13.5%16.8%

12.2%30%

15%8.8%

32.2%40.8%

45.8%59.7%

32.5%9.8%

All families

Married-couple family:With related children under 18 years:

Under 5 years onlyUnder 5 years and 5 to 17 years

5 to 17 years onlyNo related children under 18 years

Male householder, no wife present:With related children under 18 years:



Female householder, no husband present:With related children under 18 years:



0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Participation in Public Assistance ProgramsNumber of Participants and Percentage of Population Participating

Oklahoma, 2012

Source: Oklahoma Dept. of Human Services, 2013 Program Participation Report, and Statistical Bulletins; Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Low Income Report for 2012-13; US Census Bureau, 2010 Census; Oklahoma State Department of Health-WIC Service, Caseload Report, February 2013.

750,924

496,685

21,853

46,017

22,730

615,461

16,662

212,567

37,287

20%

50.2%

41.7%

17.5%

8.7%

16.4%

1.8%

56.5%

9.9%

Soonercare Total (185%/100%)

Soonercare <19 (185%)

WIC Infants (185%) (Feb. 2013)

WIC age 1-5 (185%) (Feb. 2013))

Child Care Subsidy <5 (185%)

SNAP Total (130%)

TANF <18 (50%)

Elem. School Free Lunch (130%)

Elem. School Reduced Lunch (185%)

0250,000500,000750,0001,000,000

Number of Participants

0% 20% 40% 60%

Percent of Population

Elementary School Students Eligible for Free and Reduced Lunch Program

Oklahoma, and Tulsa Public and Oklahoma City Public School Districts, 2012-13 School Year

Source: Oklahoma State Dept. of Education, Low Income Report for 2012-2013.

56.5%

80.8%

83.8%

9.9%

9.5%

5.2%

Oklahoma Total

TulsaPublic Schools

Oklahoma CityPublic Schools

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Percent of Students Eligible

Free Reduced

Free lunch eligibility requirement: annual household income below 130% of poverty, which currently is $25,389 for a family of three.

Reduced lunch eligibility requirement: annual household income below 185% of poverty, which currently is $36,131 for a family of three.

Juvenile Arrests, by Type of CrimeOklahoma, 2001 through 2011

Source: Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports.

Index crimes Drug related Alcohol related Other crimes0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16Number of arrests (Thousands)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

A total of 17,205 juvenile arrests were made in Oklahoma in 2011, for a rate of 41.6 per 1,000 juveniles age 10-17, down from 24,885 arrests for a rate of

61.0 in 2001.

Includes murder, rape, robbery aggravated

assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft.

Includes sale/manufacturing

and possession of drugs.

Includes driving under the influence, liquor law violations, and

drunkenness.

Includes other assaults, disorderly conduct, curfew & loitering, runaway and all other non-traffic offenses

Oklahoma’s Prison PopulationFiscal Years 1950 - 2008

Source: Oklahoma Department of Corrections.

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000Prison population

Incarceration of Women

• Oklahoma has the highest female incarceration rate among states at 132/100,000 – almost double national average (68)

• 2,700 Oklahoma women were incarcerated in 2011– 67% for non-violent offenses

• 3% of Oklahoma children have at least one parent in prison– Children with an incarcerated parent are five times more likely to spend time in

prison themselves• Average length of stay is 1.9 years• 3 year recidivism rate is 14.4%• Offense categories (fy2010 receptions)

– Possession/obtaining CDS: 23.8%– Distribution CDS: 19.1%– Forgery: 8.5%– Larceny: 7.1%– Assault: 7.0%

Placement of Children of Incarcerated Mothers in Oklahoma

Father Maternal grandmother

Mother's sibling Other relatives of mother

Paternal grandmother

Foster care0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%31.0%

28.0%

8.0% 8.0%6.0% 6.0%

EDUCATION IN OKLAHOMA

Prepared by the Community Service Council of Greater TulsaSeptember 2013

…is available on our website:www.csctulsa.org

Presentation are available from Jan Figart and Melanie Poulter

[email protected] or [email protected]

http://www.csctulsa.org/

mailto:[email protected]

Education in Oklahoma

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