Education as the social institution; Features of education, Significance of education

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EDUCATION AS THE SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

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By: Mira Sakha

Social institutions are established sets of norms andsubsystems that support each society's survival.

Each sector carries out certain tasks and has differentresponsibilities that contribute to the overallfunctioning and stability of a society.

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Micro-Social

Institutions

Macro-Social

Institutions

• Family

• Marriage

• Kinship

• Religion

• Education

• Polity

Social Institutions

Education


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Education is the process of facilitating learning,or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values,beliefs, and habits.

Etymologically, the word education is derivedfrom the Latin word “educare” meaningbreeding, a upbringing, a rearing.

Social Institutions

By: Mira Sakha

Emile Durkheim says “ For each society, educationis the means by which it secures, in the children,the essential conditions of its own existence.”

Max Weber says, “education provides themechanism to make a choice among people for theposition they hold at workplace”

Views of Different Sociologist


Education and Different Other Perspectives

Functionalism Conflict Perspective

Rationalism Post Modernism

Macro-Perspective

Symbolic Interactionism

Micro-Perspective


Emile Durkheim says, “School is a society inminiature, it also serves to teach socialization”

Formal and Hidden curriculum

Robert K. Morten has defined Latent and manifestfunctions

Values and norms- “value consensus”

Functionalism


Emile Durkheim and other functionalist points outthe major role of education as:

Creating social solidarity

Learning specialist skills for work

Teaching core values

Role allocation and meritocracy

Functionalism


Conflict theory is rooted in Marxism

“The History of hitherto existing society is theresult of class struggle.” (From: CommunistManifesto)

Focus is how inequalities contribute to socialdifferences

The Proletariat - working class (oppressed) and theBourgeoisie - capitalists (oppressors)

Conflict Perspective


Education is seen as maintaining power structures

Public, secondary schools are funded to maintaininequality.

Conflict theorists see the education system as:

Contributing to perpetuation of poverty

Dominating of poor and minorities

Maintaining social inequality

Preservation of power for those already in power



Conflict theorists examine the same functions ofeducation as functionalist. But they do not arrive atthe same conclusion.

It rejects the functional view point of meritocracyand puts ideas towards socio-economic status ofpeople by education.

From the view of Marx, “Rich even purchase thequality of education ensuing yawning gap betweenthe haves and haves not”



Rationalism is the theory based in the ideology ofMax Weber,

Rationalism is neither totally inclined towardsfunctionalism nor conflict perspective,

According to Rationalism, “Education helps in therational placement, highly educated are placed inintellectual task while less educated are placed inroutine task.”

Education creates stratification according tocapability.

Rationalism


Interpretivist focuses on micro-interactions; not amacro perspectives.

It studies individuals not social structure.

This approach views reality as somethingsubjective and based on meanings andunderstanding rather than predictions.

Interpretivist do not offer large theories instead,they look to specific cultures in each school.

Interpretivism


Postmodernism is based on the view that societyhas entered a new phase.

Education is moving towards education beingcustomized for the individual

According to postmodernist,

Education is controlled by communities

Diverse and customized

Flexible (Distance Learning)

Lifelong Learning

Postmodernism


Formal Education

Informal Education

Major Types of Educational System


The process of being formally educated at a school.

Act or process of imparting knowledge, especially at a school, college or university.

Skill and knowledge is inculcated to them for their recognition and livelihood.

Tribhuvan University education is a formal educational system.

Formal Education System


The truly lifelong process whereby every individualacquires attitudes, values, skills and knowledge from dailyexperiences and the educative influences and resources inhis or her environment- from family and neighbors, fromwork and play, from the market place, the library and themass media.

Informal Education


Government owned educational system

Community based educational system

Private based educational system

In Nepalese Context


State owned academia established in order toprovide education to its citizens.

Investment of budget for its operation.

Fixed working procedures, rules andregulation in operating activities.

Government recruits the human resource forteaching learning process.

Example: TU

Government Owned Educational System


It is similar to semi-government.

Government does not directly invest in it buthelps in need.

There is no provision of profit making .

Example:

─Samata School run by Uttam Sanjel

─Kanya Campus of Dilli bajar

─Mahendrs Adarsha H.S.S of Gyaneshowr

Community Based Educational System


State permits to run the academic institutions to the educationalist

Private hands run the institution by investing the amountthemselves.

Profit oriented organizations.

Positive aspects: provides education with responsibility along withcompetitive spirit.

Negative aspect: directed towards earning excessive profit in thequality education.

Private Based Educational System


1. High social mobility

2. Fosters social progress and prosperity

3. Helps to complete Socialization processes

4. Transmits the national heritage

5. Helps to reform attitudes and behavior for completepersonality

6. Provides skill as an agent of livelihood

7. Education acts as Integrative force

8. Strengthens democracy and democratizing

9. It is an Agent of social transmission

Functions of Education


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Education and other components

1. Education and Social Process

2. Education and Social Stratification

3. Education and Social Change

4. Education and Social Deviance and Control

5. Education and Suicide

6. Education and Placement

By: Mira Sakha

Social processes are the ways in which individualsand groups interact, adjust and readjust andestablish relationships and pattern of behaviorwhich are again modified through socialinteractions.

Education helps in social process as it fastens theprocess of socialization.

Education helps in easy adjustment towardsenvironmental circumstances.

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Education and Social Process

By: Mira Sakha

Stratification is a process of interaction ordifferentiation whereby some people come to rankhigher than others.

Education influences social stratification,

Functionalists verdict that education helps instratification as enlightened person is placed in higherclass and vice-versa

Conflict perspective claims that education brings gapbetween class.

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Education and Social Stratification

By: Mira Sakha

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Functionalist advocate education for :

Creating social solidarity

Learning specialist skills for work

Teaching core values

Role allocation and meritocracy

Conflict Perspective uphold the

concept that:

Education creates yawning gap

between classes

Rich even buy quality of education

Rationalism evinces the concept that:

Education makes it easy for rational

placement.

People are placed according to skill

they possess.

Education and Social Stratification

By: Mira Sakha

Social change refers to any significant alteration overtime in behavior patterns and cultural values andnorms.

Social change is unpredictable and the direction ofchange cannot be predicted. Social change may be fastor slow,

Education brings about positive change in society ormaking change faster,

Education brought about technological advancement.

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Education and Social Change

By: Mira Sakha

Deviance describes an action or behavior thatviolates social norms, including a formally enacted rule(e.g., crime), as well as informal violations of socialnorms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).

Education enlightens people and guides them to berighteous and make better decision that is beneficial forentire society.

Education increases cooperation, and reconciliation.

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Education and Social Deviance and Control

By: Mira Sakha

According to Durkheim in his famous book Suicide(1897), “The higher the education level, the morelikely it was that an individual would choose suicide.However, Durkheim established that there is morecorrelation between an individual's religion and suiciderate than an individual's education level.”

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Education and Suicide

By: Mira Sakha

According to Rationalism, “Education helps in rationalplacement in according to their competence”.

Highly intellectual and learned people are placed inmore responsible tasks and less skilled people areplaced in routine tasks.

Education assists in allocation and rational placement.

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Education and Placement

By: Mira Sakha

http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/gensci/sociology/section9.php

http://oppimateriaalit.jamk.fi/edusociety/4-education-culture-and-society/sociological-theories/

http://www.indypl.org/strategicplan/tf5_InformalEdu.html

https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/education-13/

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

By: Mira Sakha

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ANY QUERIES!!!

THANK YOU!!!

By: Mira Sakha

Education as the social institution; Features of education, Significance of education

Education

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