EDU540 Literature Review-1 [Autosaved]

7/31/2019 EDU540 Literature Review-1 [Autosaved]

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Todays objectives

Describe what a literature review is

How to conduct a literature review

Using library databases

Literature Review


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Where we are now

Observation/

Background

surveyBroad area of

research

Literaturereview

Problem

definition

Problem

statement

Research

questions

Theoreticalframework

Variables clearlyidentified

Hypothesis

generation

Research

design

Methods

Data

collection

Analysis

Interpretation

Deduction

Hypothesis

substantiated?

RQ answered?


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Revise: Selecting Methods

Quantitative Methods

Precise hypotheses anddefinitions stated at theoutset.

Data reduced tonumerical scores.

Major focus on assessingand improving reliability

of scores obtained frominstruments.

Qualitative Methods

Hypotheses anddefinitions that emergeas study develops.

Data are typicallynarrative descriptions.

Reliability of inferences isoften assumed to be

adequate.


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Quantitative and Qualitative Methods


Random techniques forobtaining meaningfulsamples.

Preference forprecisedescriptions of procedures.

Preference forspecificdesign control for

procedural bias (proceduraland measurement integritychecks).

Qualitative Methods

Expert informant (purposive)sample.

Preference fornarrative/literarydescriptions of procedures.

Primary reliance onresearcher to deal withprocedural bias


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Quantitative and Qualitative Methods


Assessment of validity

with reliance on statistical

indices. Preference for statistical

summary of results.

Preference for breaking

down of complexphenomena into specific

parts for analysis.

Qualitative Methods

Validity is assessed

through cross-checking

sources of information(triangulation).

Preference for narrative

summary of results.

Preference forholisticdescription of complex

phenomena.


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Examples Topic : Student cooperation in group work

Question: Which students?

Hypothesis: Younger students cooperate more willingly than those in

other age groups

Female students cooperate more willingly than those inother age groups

Question: When? Hypothesis: Student cooperation is greater when the task is

perceived as enjoyable


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Examples

Topic : Disruptive behaviour in religioussecondary schools

Question: Which students?

Hypothesis:

Students from families of lower SES display more disruptive

behaviour

Students who have had disciplinary problems in primary

school display more disruptive behaviour

Question: When? Do students from lower SES have more disciplinary

problems?

What are the factors which lead to misbehaviour in school?


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What is literature? Scholarly Journals ( Educational Technology

R &D) Professional Journals ( Educational

Leadership, )

Monographs Books; research reports; dissertations; other? Media Popular magazines (e.g. Dewan Siswa, Time)

Newspapers (e.g., Berita Harian; The STAR) Rememberbe critical!

question what you read


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Literature review

What is a literature review ?

Discussion of published information in a

particular subject areaSometimes, information in a particular

subject area within a certain time period


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Literature review Can be a simple summary of the sourcesSUMMARY - recap of the important information of

the source

Has an organizational pattern and combines bothsummary and synthesisSYNTHESIS - a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of

that information. gives a new interpretation of old material

combine new with old interpretations trace the intellectual progression of the field, including

major debates evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most

pertinent or relevant.


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What you should do Identify key terms Locate literature

Critically evaluate and select the literature

Organize the literature

Write a review


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Resilience in a single parenthood

EXAMPLE


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Check Defining Historical

Justification

Methods

Scope

Context


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Conducting a literature review

Start with a known item/ variable

Use simple Google search

Move on to annotated bibliography and

dissertation abstracts

Search databases


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Track your literature Keep a journal jot notes as you read

Why is each item of interest to you? Where does the item fitin your research?

Provides background/definitional information?

Provides a good example to highlight your argument?

Jot examples of great quotes including page #s Remember paraphrases must be cited as well

Make copies as you go Difficult/time-consuming to go back

Be aware of copyright rules/restrictions! Itemize everything document full citation as you find relevant

information


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Review Re-view or look again at what others have done

in a particular area of study (so may include research,opinion pieces, news articles, etc.)

Is analytical and comparative not purely descriptive

Summarizing the articles is not enough what doesthis mean to you? How does this connect with otherthings youve read?

Use the literature to support/defend your argument

To identify concepts/issues previously found to be significantand/or insignificantincluding points of controversy (criticaleye)


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The Lit Rev Bullseye

Think of the literature

search as a bullseye

Your problem is in the

centre has anyonestudied this topic before?

Chances are no hits!

Slowly move your search

out & away from theproblem to find other

relevant studies


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The Lit Rev Bullseye - example

What do we know about theeffects of playing video gameson young adults day to-daybehaviours?

Start with the exact question

has anyone studied this?

If no are there studies ofhow young adults behavioursin general? Studies of videogaming ? Studies that look at

the problem but with adifferent age group? In adifferent locale?


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Evaluating the relevance of the

literature: Questions to ask

Topic relevance: Is the literature on the sametopic as your proposed study?

Individual and site relevance: Does the

literature examine the same individuals andsites you want to study?


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Evaluating the relevance of the

literature: Questions to ask

Problem relevance: Does the literatureexamine the same research problem as you

propose in your study?

Accessibility relevance: Is the literatureavailable in your library or can it bedownloaded from a web site?


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Construct a Literature Map

Identify key terms for the topic and put themat the top of the map

Sort studies into topical areas or families of

studies. Provide a label for each box which will

become a heading for the review

Develop the map on as many levels as

possible


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