EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 1 The Skeletal System 2.

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EDU2HBS Human Body Systems

The Skeletal System 2The Skeletal System 2

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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton

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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton

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The Pectoral (Shoulder) GirdleThe Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle

Composed of two bones

These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

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Bones of the Shoulder GirdleBones of the Shoulder Girdle

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Bones of the Shoulder GirdleBones of the Shoulder Girdle

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Bones of the Upper LimbBones of the Upper Limb

The arm is formed by a single bone

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• The forearm has two bones

Figure 5.21c

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The hand

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Bones of the Pelvic GirdleBones of the Pelvic Girdle Hip bones Composed of three pair of fused bones

Protects several organs Reproductive organs, Urinary bladder, Part of the

large intestine

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The PelvisThe Pelvis

Figure 5.23a

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Gender Differences of the PelvisGender Differences of the Pelvis

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Bones of the Bones of the Lower LimbsLower Limbs

The thigh has one bone

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Bones of the Lower Bones of the Lower

LimbsLimbs

The leg has two bones

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Bones of the Lower LimbsBones of the Lower Limbs

The foot

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Arches of the FootArches of the Foot

Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches

Figure 5.26

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JointsJoints Articulations of bones

Functions of joints

Ways joints are classified

Functionally

Structurally

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Structural Classification of JointsStructural Classification of Joints

Fibrous joints

Cartilaginous joints

Synovial joints

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Fibrous JointsFibrous Joints Bones united by fibrous tissue

Examples

Sutures

Syndesmoses

Example: distal end of tibia and fibula

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Cartilaginous JointsCartilaginous Joints

Slide 5.47

Examples

Pubic symphysis

Intervertebral joints

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Synovial JointsSynovial Joints

Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity

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Features of Synovial JointsFeatures of Synovial Joints

Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule

Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid

Ligaments reinforce the joint

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Structures Associated with the Structures Associated with the Synovial JointSynovial Joint

Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs

Not actually part of the joint

Tendon sheath

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

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The Synovial JointThe Synovial Joint

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Types of Synovial Joints Based on Types of Synovial Joints Based on ShapeShape

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Types of Synovial Joints Based on Types of Synovial Joints Based on ShapeShape

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Joint Type

Movement Examples Structure

Hinge

Pivot

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Joint Type Movement Examples Structure

Ball and socket

Saddle

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Joint Type Movement Examples Structure

Condyloid

Plane

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Inflammatory Conditions Inflammatory Conditions Associated with JointsAssociated with Joints

Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon sheaths

Arthritis – inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints

Over 100 different types

EDU2HBS Human Body Systems 1 The Skeletal System 2.

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