Editorial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Nonhematopoietic...
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Editorial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Nonhematopoietic Diseases Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho, 1 Gustav Steinhoff, 2 and Juan Carlos Chachques 3 1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Pequeno Pr´ ıncipe Faculty & e Pel´ e Pequeno Pr´ ıncipe Research Institute, Silva Jardim 1632, 80.250-200 Curitiba, PR, Brazil 2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell erapy (RTC), University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18.057 Rostock, Germany 3 Cardiac Bioassist, Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, University of Paris, Leblanc 56, 75.015 Paris, France Correspondence should be addressed to Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho; [email protected] Received 17 November 2014; Accepted 17 November 2014 Copyright © 2015 Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. e extensive clinical experiments with stem cells, particu- larly in the treatment of oncohematological diseases, opened up the possibility of trying out stem cells with nonhematopoi- etic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) subsequently emerged as a promising source for the regeneration and repair of various tissues in the treatment of a range of diseases due to their presence in all derived mesenchymal tissues in the adult solid organs as well as in mesoderm from embryonic tissue. is, plus their pluripotentiality and the fact that they were easily obtainable, meant that MSCs represented an important source for studies in regenerative medicine. MSCs have been shown to be capable of differentiating in various types of mesoderm derived cells as well as ectoderm cells, such as skeletal muscle cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and others. MSCs in specific cul- tivation conditions in vitro and in host transplanted tissue, being niche dependent, arouse clinical interest in stem-cell therapy for regeneration in nonhematopoietic tissue diseases and the prospect of creating a mesenchymal stem-cell bank for research and subsequent clinical use. In the development of clinical models, always preceded by preclinical studies, there are various requirements to guarantee the safety of therapy with stem cells and their products, including the GMP procedures, cytogenetic con- trol, identification and characterization of cells by immune cytometric analysis, and demonstration of their pluripoten- tiality for the prospective use of MSC for tissue regeneration in nonhematopoietic diseases [1]. In the study of MSCs, the intrinsic properties—molecular, immunocytochemistry, isolation, expansion, differentiation, and cryopreservation— have made great advances and need further discussion. e fact that MSCs do not express the antigens of histocompatibil- ity means that they can be used in allogeneic transplantation. e development of methods for isolating the subpopulations of MSC fractions together with the perspective with this subpopulation could obtain better results than the total pop- ulation in replacement therapy for correction of determined specific function [2]. Researchers and physicians are looking into the phys- iopathology of some diseases in light of the intrinsic cell conditions on the development of each disease and are proposing therapies based on the cells themselves or on cell-based products. Some diseases are triggered in their physiopathology by autoimmune mechanisms that could be stabilized with the paracrine effects of MSCs, such as the anti- inflammatory effect [3]; other diseases are triggered by the senescence of the cells, as in conditions of cellular apoptosis, and the MSC cells could act with the paracrine effects such as antiapoptosis and by cell replacement; there are some diseases which result from the loss of the production of certain molecules and MSCs could differentiate in cells capable of producing the molecule [4]; in other diseases, there is an interruption in signals between the tissue cells, and the MSC paracrine effects could promote the connections through the Hindawi Publishing Corporation Stem Cells International Volume 2015, Article ID 676903, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/676903
Transcript of Editorial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Nonhematopoietic...
EditorialMesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Nonhematopoietic Diseases
Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho,1 Gustav Steinhoff,2 and Juan Carlos Chachques3
1Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Pequeno Prıncipe Faculty &The Pele Pequeno Prıncipe Research Institute, Silva Jardim 1632,80.250-200 Curitiba, PR, Brazil2Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), University of Rostock,Schillingallee 35, 18.057 Rostock, Germany3Cardiac Bioassist, Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation,University of Paris, Leblanc 56, 75.015 Paris, France
Correspondence should be addressed to Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho; [email protected]
Received 17 November 2014; Accepted 17 November 2014
Copyright © 2015 Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the CreativeCommons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided theoriginal work is properly cited.
The extensive clinical experiments with stem cells, particu-larly in the treatment of oncohematological diseases, openedup the possibility of trying out stem cells with nonhematopoi-etic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) subsequentlyemerged as a promising source for the regeneration andrepair of various tissues in the treatment of a range of diseasesdue to their presence in all derived mesenchymal tissues inthe adult solid organs aswell as inmesoderm fromembryonictissue. This, plus their pluripotentiality and the fact thatthey were easily obtainable, meant that MSCs represented animportant source for studies in regenerative medicine.
MSCs have been shown to be capable of differentiating invarious types of mesoderm derived cells as well as ectodermcells, such as skeletal muscle cells, neurons, cardiomyocytes,osteocytes, chondrocytes, and others. MSCs in specific cul-tivation conditions in vitro and in host transplanted tissue,being niche dependent, arouse clinical interest in stem-celltherapy for regeneration in nonhematopoietic tissue diseasesand the prospect of creating a mesenchymal stem-cell bankfor research and subsequent clinical use.
In the development of clinical models, always precededby preclinical studies, there are various requirements toguarantee the safety of therapy with stem cells and theirproducts, including the GMP procedures, cytogenetic con-trol, identification and characterization of cells by immunecytometric analysis, and demonstration of their pluripoten-tiality for the prospective use of MSC for tissue regeneration
in nonhematopoietic diseases [1]. In the study of MSCs,the intrinsic properties—molecular, immunocytochemistry,isolation, expansion, differentiation, and cryopreservation—have made great advances and need further discussion. Thefact thatMSCs donot express the antigens of histocompatibil-ity means that they can be used in allogeneic transplantation.The development ofmethods for isolating the subpopulationsof MSC fractions together with the perspective with thissubpopulation could obtain better results than the total pop-ulation in replacement therapy for correction of determinedspecific function [2].
Researchers and physicians are looking into the phys-iopathology of some diseases in light of the intrinsic cellconditions on the development of each disease and areproposing therapies based on the cells themselves or oncell-based products. Some diseases are triggered in theirphysiopathology by autoimmune mechanisms that could bestabilized with the paracrine effects ofMSCs, such as the anti-inflammatory effect [3]; other diseases are triggered by thesenescence of the cells, as in conditions of cellular apoptosis,and theMSC cells could act with the paracrine effects such asantiapoptosis and by cell replacement; there are somediseaseswhich result from the loss of the production of certainmolecules and MSCs could differentiate in cells capable ofproducing the molecule [4]; in other diseases, there is aninterruption in signals between the tissue cells, and the MSCparacrine effects could promote the connections through the
Hindawi Publishing CorporationStem Cells InternationalVolume 2015, Article ID 676903, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/676903
2 Stem Cells International
production of growth factors [5]. On the other hand, inischemic diseases, MSCs could be differentiated in specifictypes of specialized cells, such as vessels and contractile cells,cardiomyocytes [6]; in genetic diseases, MSCs could ensurethe delivery of genes for gene therapy [7] and could act inimmunomodulation with vaccines [8].
This issue provides discussions of the points describedabove and takes a look into the future of cell therapy innonhematopoetic diseases, showing that it is nearer than weexpect! It is reality!
Katherine Athayde Teixeira de CarvalhoGustav Steinhoff
Juan Carlos Chachques
References
[1] S. R. B. R. Sella, J. C. Francisco, T. M.Madalozzo et al., “Generalrequirement for quality and safety in stem cell and cell-basedproducts for translational therapy,” Cell Biology: Research &Therapy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 2–4, 2014.
[2] A. Schade, E. Delyagina, D. Scharfenberg et al., “Innovativestrategy for microRNA delivery in human mesenchymal stemcells viamagnetic nanoparticles,” International Journal ofMolec-ular Sciences, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 10710–10726, 2013.
[3] C. B. Ripoll, M. Flaat, J. Klopf-Eiermann et al., “Mesenchymallineage stem cells have pronounced anti-inflammatory effects inthe twitcher mouse model of Krabbe’s disease,” Stem Cells, vol.29, no. 1, pp. 67–77, 2011.
[4] I. Linero and O. Chaparro, “Paracrine effect of mesenchymalstem cells derived from human adipose tissue in bone regener-ation,” PLoS ONE, vol. 9, no. 9, Article ID e107001, 2014.
[5] J. Dittmer and B. Leyh, “Paracrine effects of stem cells in woundhealing and cancer progression (review),” International Journalof Oncology, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1789–1798, 2014.
[6] J. C. Chachques, “Development of bioartificial myocardiumusing stem cells and nanobiotechnology templates,” CardiologyResearch and Practice, vol. 2011, Article ID 806795, 7 pages, 2011.
[7] S. D. Olson, K. Pollock, A. Kambal et al., “Genetically engi-neered mesenchymal stem cells as a proposed therapeutic forhuntington’s disease,”Molecular Neurobiology, vol. 45, no. 1, pp.87–98, 2012.
[8] R. Blazquez, F. M. Sanchez-Margallo, O. de la Rosa et al.,“Immunomodulatory potential of human adipose mesenchy-mal stem cells derived exosomes on in vitro stimulated T cells,”Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 5, pp. 1–9, 2014.
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