Editorial Laser and Ion Beams Interactions with...
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Editorial Laser and Ion Beams Interactions with Materials Xiaotao Zu, 1,2 Kai Sun, 3 Wanguo Zheng, 4 and Haiyan Xiao 2 1 Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China 2 School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 4 Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xiaotao Zu; [email protected] Received 13 October 2014; Accepted 13 October 2014; Published 22 December 2014 Copyright © 2014 Xiaotao Zu et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Laser and ion beams, as important energetic sources, provide the ability to accurately deliver large amounts of energy into confined regions of a material and induce changes to the local geometrical and electronic structure, consequently affecting materials properties and behaviors in a given appli- cation. ey have become indispensible and powerful tools in the fields ranging from materials science to biomedicine and can be used for various applications, including surface modification, thin-film deposition, materials processing, and nanostructure formation. Understanding of laser and ion beams interactions with materials will enable scientists to explore materials structures and properties under extreme conditions like intense laser and irradiation, to manipulate and engineer materials properties, as well as to design novel and innovative materials and devices with enhanced and improved performance or desirable properties. is special issue encompasses the fundamentals of laser- material and ion beam-material interactions and the applica- tion of laser and ion beams for modifying, processing, and manufacturing of electronic, photonic, optical, mechanical, and energy materials. It covers the intense laser beam and operation environment induced damage and damage growth behaviors of optical materials and components such as fused silica glass and KDP crystals in the large high power laser facilities, the damage mitigation methods and technologies by using ultraviolet or infrared laser conditioning, laser cladding and laser cleaning, and the on-line detection and control of contaminations in the laser facilities. Ion beam interaction with materials mainly focuses on the neutron and helium ion irradiation of metals such as aluminum and zirconium. Both experimental and theoretical investigations are included. Fused silica glass and KDP crystals have excellent ultra- violet transparency, optical homogeneity, and good damage resistance, so they are usually used as optical window materi- als in the large high power laser systems such as National Igni- tion Facility (NIF) in USA, Laser Megajoule (LMJ) in France, and Shenguang-III (SG-III) facility in China. However, the effects of laser interaction with materials may become obvi- ous with the increasing laser fluency, including temperature rise, expansion, strain, distortion, nonlinear absorption, and transmittance change. As the laser intensity increases further, some nonreversible changes may occur in the optical materi- als or components, such as melting and evaporation, material soſtening and bending, pitting, cracking, and shattering. Interaction between laser and optical components can cause permanent changes which are called laser-induced damage (LID) in the material. e laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is the level of laser radiation which initiates some alteration of the optics under examination. At present, how to improve the LIDT becomes a very important issue in the fields of laser design, optical engineering, optical materials, contamination control, and so forth. In this special issue, the investigations on laser induced point defects, damage initiation, and damage growth behaviors of fused silica. e most important several methods to improve the LIDT of fused silica and KDP materials are also reported in this spe- cial issue, including ultraviolet laser conditioning, infrared CO 2 laser conditioning and damage mitigation, and surface contaminant detection based on nanostructured sensors and contaminant control. ree papers about laser application are the laser ignition of triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) explosives, laser cladding of blades materials to improve its Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Condensed Matter Physics Volume 2014, Article ID 890520, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/890520
Transcript of Editorial Laser and Ion Beams Interactions with...
EditorialLaser and Ion Beams Interactions with Materials
Xiaotao Zu,1,2 Kai Sun,3 Wanguo Zheng,4 and Haiyan Xiao2
1 Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China2School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA4Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Correspondence should be addressed to Xiaotao Zu; [email protected]
Received 13 October 2014; Accepted 13 October 2014; Published 22 December 2014
Copyright © 2014 Xiaotao Zu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Laser and ion beams, as important energetic sources, providethe ability to accurately deliver large amounts of energyinto confined regions of a material and induce changes tothe local geometrical and electronic structure, consequentlyaffecting materials properties and behaviors in a given appli-cation. They have become indispensible and powerful toolsin the fields ranging from materials science to biomedicineand can be used for various applications, including surfacemodification, thin-film deposition, materials processing, andnanostructure formation. Understanding of laser and ionbeams interactions with materials will enable scientists toexplore materials structures and properties under extremeconditions like intense laser and irradiation, to manipulateand engineer materials properties, as well as to design noveland innovative materials and devices with enhanced andimproved performance or desirable properties.
This special issue encompasses the fundamentals of laser-material and ion beam-material interactions and the applica-tion of laser and ion beams for modifying, processing, andmanufacturing of electronic, photonic, optical, mechanical,and energy materials. It covers the intense laser beam andoperation environment induced damage and damage growthbehaviors of optical materials and components such as fusedsilica glass and KDP crystals in the large high power laserfacilities, the damagemitigationmethods and technologies byusing ultraviolet or infrared laser conditioning, laser claddingand laser cleaning, and the on-line detection and control ofcontaminations in the laser facilities. Ion beam interactionwith materials mainly focuses on the neutron and helium ionirradiation of metals such as aluminum and zirconium. Bothexperimental and theoretical investigations are included.
Fused silica glass and KDP crystals have excellent ultra-violet transparency, optical homogeneity, and good damageresistance, so they are usually used as optical windowmateri-als in the large high power laser systems such asNational Igni-tion Facility (NIF) in USA, Laser Megajoule (LMJ) in France,and Shenguang-III (SG-III) facility in China. However, theeffects of laser interaction with materials may become obvi-ous with the increasing laser fluency, including temperaturerise, expansion, strain, distortion, nonlinear absorption, andtransmittance change. As the laser intensity increases further,some nonreversible changes may occur in the optical materi-als or components, such as melting and evaporation, materialsoftening and bending, pitting, cracking, and shattering.Interaction between laser and optical components can causepermanent changes which are called laser-induced damage(LID) in the material. The laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT) is the level of laser radiation which initiates somealteration of the optics under examination. At present, howto improve the LIDT becomes a very important issue in thefields of laser design, optical engineering, optical materials,contamination control, and so forth. In this special issue,the investigations on laser induced point defects, damageinitiation, and damage growth behaviors of fused silica. Themost important several methods to improve the LIDT offused silica and KDP materials are also reported in this spe-cial issue, including ultraviolet laser conditioning, infraredCO2laser conditioning and damage mitigation, and surface
contaminant detection based on nanostructured sensors andcontaminant control. Three papers about laser applicationare the laser ignition of triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)explosives, laser cladding of blades materials to improve its
Hindawi Publishing CorporationAdvances in Condensed Matter PhysicsVolume 2014, Article ID 890520, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/890520
2 Advances in Condensed Matter Physics
water erosion resistance, and laser cleaning of low carbonsteel alloys, respectively.
As a conventional and important topic, the radiationeffects of ion beams and neutrons on the nuclear materialsalways attract many interests. In this special issue, thestructure and properties of helium in𝛼-zirconiumare studiedby the first principles and the evolution of helium withtemperature in the neutron-irradiated 10B-doped aluminumis studied by small-angle X-ray scattering.
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank all contributors for their hard workand patience in bringing out this special issue. We alsoexpect that the special issue will stimulate the continuingefforts to deepen the investigation on the laser and ion beamsinteractions with materials.
Xiaotao ZuKai Sun
Wanguo ZhengHaiyan Xiao
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