Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ
Transcript of Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ
Edexcel International GCSE Biology Hard PPQ
Q1.
The diagrams show the female and male reproductive systems.
The table lists some events that take place in the female reproductive system, some that
take place in the male reproductive system, and some that take place in both.
Complete the table by giving the letter, or letters, to indicate where each event takes place.
The first one has been done for you.
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P fertilisation
release of oestrogen
meiosis
repair of uterus lining
implantation of embryo
formation of gametes
Q
Q and V
R
R
Q and V
Human DNA/ gene/ allele
Restriction enzyme
Ligase
Same restriction enzyme
Plasmid
Recombinant (DNA/ plasmid)
Vector
Insulin/ factor VIII/ names protein
Nucleus from body cell/ nucleus from adult cell
Nucleus from adult
Egg/ ovum
Remove nucleus from egg/ enucleate (from egg)
Nucleus into empty egg cell
Electricity
Mitosis
Embryo
Uterus/ womb
Surrogate mother
Q2.
Describe the stages by which a bacterium can be genetically modified to produce large
amounts of a named human protein.
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Q3.
Describe the stages in the production of cloned mammals such as Dolly the sheep.
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Vessels entering in wider/ increased pressure
Ultrafiltration
Capillaries
Low conc. to high conc.
Active transport
Energy
Respiration
Energy
Osmotic effect
Q4.
The diagram shows some of the blood vessels and a nephron in the human kidney. The
numbers represent the concentration of glucose at various places in the blood vessels and in
the nephron, in arbitrary units.
(a) Explain how the structure of the blood vessels entering and leaving the
glomerulus help to move glucose into the Bowman’s capsule.
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(b) What type of blood vessels are found in the glomerulus?
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(c) (i) Describe how glucose is reabsorbed from the nephron back into the blood.
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.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Suggest why glucose needs to be returned to the blood.
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Same and Y up
Right and left side separate/ septum/ aorta/ connected to left side/ no answer in LHS
Yes
Both A and B
Starch present
Q5. The diagram shows a mammal heart with glass tubes, X and Y, securely attached to the vena cava and the pulmonary artery. Water was poured into tube X and rose up tube Y until both tubes were filled to the level shown.
(a) The ventricles were squeezed once by hand. (i) Suggest what would happen to the level of water in tube X and in tube Y
when the ventricles were squeezed. (1)
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(ii) Explain why no water came out of the aorta when the ventricles were
squeezed.
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Q6. The student concluded that both samples of food contained carbohydrates. Do you agree with this conclusion?
Give reasons for your answer. (2)
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Rare/ random
Change/ damage
DNA/ gene/ allele/ gene
Blocked/ narrowed/ clogged
Coronary artery
Clot
Fat/ cholesterol
Less blood to heart
Less oxygen/ less oxygenated
Muscle (cells)
Less respiration/ anaerobic respiration
Lactic acid/ angina
Heart attack/ heart stops/ cardiac arrest
Weigh/ use a balance
Random/ scale/ multiply
Repeat/ several quadrates
Calculate average
Q7. (a) What is meant by the term mutation?
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.............................................................................................................................................. (b) Smoking can increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease.
Explain how coronary heart disease can cause death. (5)
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.............................................................................................................................................. Q8. Describe how the tea grower could use a quadrat to estimate the total mass of tea plants growing in a large area of land.
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Wider lumen
Too small
Q9. Scientists obtain blood samples from an athlete’s vein. To do this they use a sterile needle attached to a syringe. Suggest one reason why the scientists could not obtain a blood sample from a capillary.
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.............................................................................................................................................. Q10. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition. It is caused by a recessive allele (d). The non-cystic fibrosis allele is dominant (D). The diagram shows how cystic fibrosis was inherited in a family.
How many people in this family do not have cystic fibrosis? (1)
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DD
Dd
dd
DD
Dd
dd
The only person in the family
member who has cystic fibrosis
oviduct
gametes
sperm
egg
tail
meiosis
testis
urethra
fungi
bacteria
Mutation
Variation
Gene/ allele/ DNA
Survive/ not killed
Resistant
Reproduce/ multiply/ replicate/ breed/ produce/ offspring
Pass on gene/ DNA/ allele
Q11. The passage describes cell division and reproduction in humans. Complete the passage by writing a suitable word or words in each of the spaces.
(8) Fully grown adults can produce sex cells or ................................................................... called
sperm and eggs.
The .................................................................... cells are much smaller than
the .................................................................... cells and have a
powerful .................................................................... to enable them to swim.
The cell division used to make sex cells is called ....................................................................
and in males this takes place in the .................................................................... .
The sperm cells pass out of the male along a tube called
the .................................................................... and into the female’s body, then through the
cervix and into the .................................................................... in which fertilisation takes
place.
Q12. (a) Antibiotics are chemicals used to kill pathogens that cause infections.
(i) Name the type of organism that make antibiotics. (1)
.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Name the type of pathogen that is killed by antibiotics.
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(b) Some antibiotics are no longer effective in killing pathogens. Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain why.
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Energy loss/ not all transferred
Respiration
Excretion/ urine
Egestion/ not digested/ faeces
Not all of each organism eaten
Some organism die/ decompose
Movement
Heat loss/ thermoregulation
1. wind 2. light 3. humidity 4. temperature
1. Fan at high and low speed
4. Air conditioning/ room thermostat
2. Lamp close and far
3. Clear plastic bag
water/ air-tight/ dry leaves/ cut under water/ cut stem at an angle
Q13. The total mass of the organisms at each level in the pyramid decreases as you move up the pyramid. Explain why.
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.............................................................................................................................................. Q14. This apparatus can be used to investigate the rate of water uptake by a leafy shoot.
(a) Describe one precaution you would take when setting up this apparatus. (1)
.............................................................................................................................................. (b) Give two environmental conditions you could vary in the laboratory when
investigating the rate of water uptake by a leafy shoot. (4)
Condition ..............................................................................................................................
How I could obtain a range of different values .....................................................................
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S – type of fermenter/ sterile
C – different temperatures
O – same species/ same bacteria/ mass/ amount/ number of bacteria
R – repeat
M – measure insulin
M – concentration/ mass/ volume
S – same pH/ food/ oxygen/ time
Condition ..............................................................................................................................
How I could obtain a range of different values .....................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................................. Q15. To produce large amounts of human insulin the genetically modified bacteria are grown in a fermenter. Describe an investigation to find out if temperature affects the amount of insulin made by genetically modified bacteria. Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences and paragraphs.
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Contract
Diaphragm
Pressure increases
Flattens/ moves down/ lowers
Intercostal muscles
Ribs move up/ out/ ribcage expands
Volume increases
Passive smoking/ others inhale smoke
Causes cancer/ contains carcinogen
Asthma/ emphysema/ COPD/ bronchitis/ infection
Carbon monoxide/ bind with haemoglobin
Causes CVD/ heart disease
Discourage smoking
Slows growth/ development/ still growing/ not fully developed
Children smaller/ lungs are smaller
Dolly, Molly/ Polly/ Snuppy/ Copy cat/ Ralph/ Injaz/ Cupid/ Diana
Nucleus from body/ diploid cell put into empty/ enucleated egg cell
Electricity/ shock
Mitosis/ cell division
Embryo
Q16.
(a) Describe how ventilation of the lungs occurs when a person breathes in. (4)
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.............................................................................................................................................. (b) Smoking cigarettes inside public buildings has been banned in many countries.
(i) Suggest why governments have banned smoking cigarettes inside public buildings.
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.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Suggest why children are particularly at risk from breathing in smoke from
other people’s cigarettes. (1)
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.............................................................................................................................................. Q17. Some people in the survey did not know anything about cloning. The process had to be described to them before they made a decision. Describe the process of cloning an adult animal using a named example.
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Uterus/ womb
Surrogate
Light reaches/ trapped/ absorbed
More chlorophyll/ more chloroplasts
Absorb/ trap/ capture/ obtain/ light
A – Less distance/ cells near surface/ less of a barrier
Less growth
B – Humid
Less/ no cuticle
C – Less photosynthesis
Lower temperature which affects enzymes/ kinetic energy/ molecule movement/ collisions
Less photosynthesis
Less light/ less sun
Lower temperature which affects enzymes
Fewer stomata open/ stomata less open/ closed
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.............................................................................................................................................. Q18. The amount of light falling on plant leaves is an abiotic (non-living) factor that affects photosynthesis.
(a) The leaves of plants that live in the shade (low light) are different to the leaves of plants that live in full sunlight. (i) Suggest why leaves from plants that live in the shade are darker green than
leaves from plants that live in full sunlight. (2)
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.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Explain why leaves from plants that live in the shade are thinner than leaves
from plants that live in full sunlight. (2)
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.............................................................................................................................................. (b) The rate of photosynthesis changes during the day.
(i) Explain the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in the early morning. (3)
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More photosynthesis
More light/ sun
Higher temperature affects enzymes/ kinetic energy/ molecular movement/ collisions
Stomata open
Low CO2 slow photosynthesis
Limit photosynthesis
Measure oxygen/ starch/ change in CO2
Count bubbles/ volume gas syringe/ iodine/ hydro carbonate
Same time
Age/ mass/ surface area
Light/ temperature/ CO2
Oxygen
Respiration
Energy
Active transport
(ii) Explain the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in the early afternoon.
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.............................................................................................................................................. (c) Describe how you could compare the rate of photosynthesis in two different plant
species. (4)
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.............................................................................................................................................. Q19. Explain why young plants absorb more mineral ions when air is bubbled through the solutions.
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Nucleus
Axon/ cytoplasm
Impulse
Muscle/ gland/ effector
Hyphae/ mycelium
Enzymes
Extracellular/ onto wood/ outside organism
Digest/ digestive/ breakdown
Carbon dioxide/ water
Saprotroph/ saprophyte/ saprobiont
Q20. The diagram shows a cell from the human nervous system.
(a) (i) Name the structure labelled A. (1)
.............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Name the structure labelled B.
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(iii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of a nerve impulse.
(b) Describe the role of this neurone in a simple reflex arc.
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Logs are decomposed by fungi.
(a) Describe how fungi decompose tree logs.
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exposed to same fungi/ same mass of fungi
C – different fungicides
O – same logs/ same wood / same tree / same bench / same species / same age of wood
R – more than one log used/ several logs/ repeat
M – measure mass/ weight of wood before and after/ change in mass/ weight of wood
M – reference to state time period
S1 and S2 – same oxygen/ temperature/ moisture/ volume of fungicide/ amount/
A garden bench is painted with a fungicide solution. This prevents the wood being decomposed because fungicide kills fungi.
There are different fungicides that can be used.
(b) Design an investigation to find out which fungicide is best at preventing the
decomposition of wooden logs.
Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.
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End of the test