EDCO 267 – Fall 2015Practicum in Lifespan and

Career Development 

Shawn N. Ogimachishogimac@cabrillo.edu

QuizQuizHow can you find assignment instructions and

grading rubrics for EDCO 267?

Define the term “Career”

List five reasons, clients would want you as their counselor

What is the due date for assignment one?

AgendaAgenda

Quiz Getting to know us Career Counseling Evolution of Human Societies Review and Practice Basic Counseling Skills Trait Factor Theory

• The opportunity to help someone adjust to a selected career is an opportunity to affect a person’s life positively, in meaningful and significant ways.

Career Counseling

CareerCareer

The term career refers to how individuals see themselves in relationship to what they do

The focus is on the individual, in contrast to the terms job and occupation

Hunters and Gatherers –

Egalitarian, small groups or bands of people. Mobile, flexible, able to adapt quickly and constantly. 500,000 to a million years.

Evolution of Human CivilizationEvolution of Human Civilization

– Hierarchical and class based, required massive amount physical labor and planning. Wealth measured by land holdings. Often referred to as Plantation Economies. 12,000 - 14,000 years

Evolution of Human CivilizationEvolution of Human Civilization

Agrarian Societies

Industrial Societies

– Division of labor, a need for skills and aptitudes for workers to be successful. Wealth measured by control of production. Referred to as the “Smokestack Economy”, “Machine Age”, and the “Industrial Revolution”.

120-150 years

Information Societies

– Division of labor requiring cooperation and an “intelligent” workforce that learns and adapts quickly and constantly. Wealth measured by ability to generate and communicate ideas and information. Referred to as the “New Economy” and the “Information Age”

Process produces outcome and results, the process of Process produces outcome and results, the process of counseling, what counselors and clients do in a counseling, what counselors and clients do in a session, influences the outcome. To master process, session, influences the outcome. To master process, counselors must develop a repertoire of helping skills counselors must develop a repertoire of helping skills to use with a theory of counseling that directs their to use with a theory of counseling that directs their practice.practice.

Developing process is not easy. Over 400 different Developing process is not easy. Over 400 different counseling approaches are easily identified (Karasu counseling approaches are easily identified (Karasu 1986). No one approach has a broad superiority over 1986). No one approach has a broad superiority over other approaches. No theoretical consensus exits other approaches. No theoretical consensus exits among counseling educators in this country or among among counseling educators in this country or among universities.universities.

Contemporary counselors are often Contemporary counselors are often integrative and eclectic. integrative and eclectic. ““Doing what Doing what worksworks””, eclectic counselors select an , eclectic counselors select an approach based on the needs of their approach based on the needs of their clients. The next eleven steps work clients. The next eleven steps work toward the development of the basic toward the development of the basic helping skills that begin a helping skills that begin a ““counseling processcounseling process””..

Make Personal ContactMake Personal Contact

• Being with someone

• Touching someone emotionally

• Communicating

Methods

•Body Language•Eye Contact•Being open

ActivityActivity

Stand Up Introduce yourself to everyone in the roomEye Contact for 3 secondsSmileShake HandsBe aware of and use non verbal

communication

• Making personal contact is the first step in developing a working alliance (Greenson 1965; Zetzel, 1956)

• The task of educational counseling is to engage the client in a manner that both persons are working together to resolve issues brought by the client to counseling

Methods

•Listening skills and offering acceptance to develop trust and support•Removing bias

Develop a Working AllianceDevelop a Working Alliance

• What to explain depends on factors such as school or agency policy, limits of confidentiality

• Expectations – time, goals, planning, counseling relationship, termination

Role Induction is one way of organizing or structuring counseling (Shertzer & Stone,1980)

“Role Induction”(Hoehn-Saric,et al.,1964, Mayerson, 1984; Orlinsky & Howard , 1978

Explain Counseling, Develop ExpectationsExplain Counseling, Develop Expectations

•Your status as a Masters student in an advanced practicum in career counseling•Your Experience•Sessions are occasionally observed•Observation is of me the counselor•Information is used to improve my counseling skills•Everything is confidential to the practicum•Media and information will be destroyed

Explain ConfidentialityExplain Confidentiality

How much direction you exert with the client

Builds rapport, develops consensus, show that you are listening and understanding

Methods

Reflection of Feeling – understanding & mirroring of feeling

Restatement of Content – paraphrasingEgan 1990

Pacing and LeadingPacing and Leading

Counselors should talk less than their clients, except when summarizing, communicate in one or two sentences

Builds rapport, develops consensus, show that you are listening and understanding

Methods

Minimal Encouragers Egan 1990

Phrasesnonverbal

Speak BrieflySpeak Briefly

•Allows the client to think•Don’t rush to fill in the gaps•Learn to use silence•Listening is often all that is needed

When you donWhen you don’’t know what to t know what to say, say nothingsay, say nothing

Once you establish a bond, confrontation may increase client self-awareness and motivation to change (Egan 1990)

Confront as much as youConfront as much as you’’ve ve supportedsupported

Process – talking about something that is happening in the session

If you wish to change something, If you wish to change something, process itprocess it

Be comfortable with yourself and counseling style

Talk with your clients, not to them

Be who you areBe who you are

Resistance refers to an obstacle – presented by the client – that influences counseling

Mahoney (1987) suggests resistance to change “is a natural expression of self-protection when core ordering processes are challenged”

Notice resistanceNotice resistance

AngerSadnessFearJoy

When in doubt, focus on feelingsWhen in doubt, focus on feelings

Break

One goal of education is to prepare students to be knowledgeable and contributing members of society. While instruction and learning focus on curricular contents and processes, counseling programs also address the relationship between education and the world of work. Counselors provide guidance to students in the area of career development that gives education relevance and meaning, increases motivation, and establishes goals and direction for learning and achievement.

 

Counselors prepare, organize, and implement career and vocational development programs for all students at all levels. Career development promotes student success and successful transitions between education and work in the future.

Career DevelopmentCareer Development

In 1909, Frank Parsons described his concept of vocational guidance in his book Choosing a Vocation. These views and his contribution to career development have been described in a special issue (Volume 20, Number 4, 1994) of the Journal of Career Development. His views became the foundation for what later evolved into trait and factor theory. The term trait refers to a characteristic of an individual that can be measured through testing. Factor refers to a characteristic required for successful job performance. It also refers to a statistical approach used to differentiate important characteristics of a group of people. Thus, the terms trait and factor refer to the assessment of characteristics of the person and the job.

Trait and Factor TheoryTrait and Factor Theory

Assessment of traits is referred to in the first and most crucial of the steps Parsons identified that describe his approach to occupational selection. Parsons (1909) proposed that, to select an occupation, an individual should ideally have:

Frank ParsonsFrank ParsonsTrait and Factor TheoryTrait and Factor Theory

1.   A clear understanding of yourself, your attitudes, abilities, interests, ambitions, resource limitations, and their causes;

Frank ParsonsFrank ParsonsTrait and Factor TheoryTrait and Factor Theory

2.  A knowledge of the requirements and conditions of success, advantages and disadvantages, compensation, opportunities, and prospects in different lines of work; 

Frank ParsonsFrank ParsonsTrait and Factor TheoryTrait and Factor Theory

3.  True reasoning on the relations of these two groups of facts. /p. 5)

Frank ParsonsFrank ParsonsTrait and Factor TheoryTrait and Factor Theory

• Self Assessment

• Occupational Exploration

• Decision Making

• Job Hunting

• Work Adjustment

RelatedPsychologicalIssues andIndividualneeds

Career Counseling StagesCareer Counseling Stages

2. EXPLAIN

CONFIDENTIALITY3. IMMEDIATELY ATTEND TO THE CLIENTS CONCERNS

4. DEVELOP EARLY EXPECTATIONS5. DETERMINE THE CLIENT’S

ISSUES

6. ASSESS CLIENT’S MOTIVATION

7. IDENTIFY TYPES OF ASSESSMENT NEEDED

8. SUMMARIZE THE SESSION9. MAKE AN ASSIGMENT

10. CONCLUDE BY BUILDING A BRIDGE TO THE NEXT SESSION

1. GREET THE CLIENT WARMLYFirst Interview in First Interview in Career CounselingCareer Counseling

For next weekFor next weekPart One Chapter 2 - Trait and Factor

TheoryPart One Chapter 4 - Holland’s Theory of

TypesThe Introduction in SharfSend the Strong, complete MBTI and

SDSPractice your introduction

EDCO 267 – Fall 2015Practicum in Lifespan and

Career Development 

Shawn N. Ogimachishogimac@cabrillo.edu

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