Problem-Based Learning

Done by:Chan Jen Wuu

Tan Rui Ying HeidiTan Siu Yian JerenaTeo Jia Yin Sarah

Ang Tian Wen, Alphonsus

Introduction

Scenario 1Ms Jia

Questions

• Why are her students lacking in motivation during class?

• Why does she have such negative perceptions of her students?

• Why does she seem more concerned with herself than the welfare of her students?

• How did she create the current classroom climate?

Problems

• Labels students• Low self-efficacy• Negative classroom climate• Inconsistent disciplinarian• Weak role model• Task difficulty is beyond ‘problem’

student’s current ability

Problem Statement

The key problem the teacher face is her classroom management, whereby she:

created an environment that is not conducive for learning by showing

favoritism, has low self efficacy, created a negative classroom climate, was

inconsistent with her discipline, provides a weak role model and set tasks beyond student's abilities without appropriate

scaffolding.

Theories

• Learned Helplessness Behaviorist theories

- students who are not in her good books always get negative responses VS. favourite students always get positive responses (regardless of problem)

Theories

• Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory - negative interactions in the microsystem

in her life contribute to her low self efficacy

- negative teacher-student interactions

Theories

• Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory - Inconsistent reinforcement strategies

would cause learning to be unsuccessful - Ms Jia was an inconsistent disciplinarian

Theories

• Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory - Need for role model - Modeling (Learning from others’

behaviors)

Theories

• Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximate Development (ZPD)

- An individual is able to learn more with the help of a more capable peer/parent/teacher

- Task is beyond the student’s ZPD - Ms Jia attributed failure to character’s

flaws/lack of effort - Ms Jia was only concerned with observable

behaviour of academic repetition instead of independent problem solving

Solutions based on the theories

• Skinner’s Reinforcement theory - A structured reinforcement/punishment

system - Remove labels on her students to deliver

appropriate responses to their behavior

Solutions based on the theories

• Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological theory - Improve her relationship with her

superiors - Widen her social circle in her workplace - Strengthen her self-concept

Solutions based on the theories

• Carl Roger’s Student-centered Learning - Administer positive regard and build

warmth in the classroom

Solutions based on the theories

• Vygotsky’s Social Development theory - Confident of her knowledge and ability to

deliver it - Provide more scaffolding for

understanding rather than saying they are wrong

- Utilize peer modeling

Solutions based on the theories

• Vgotsky’s Zone of Proximate Development - Provide more scaffolds for the weaker

students - Avoid attributing task failure to student’s

inherent behavior or ability

Questions and Answers

ReferencesAtkinson, R., & Shiffrin, R. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes.In K Spence & J Spence (Eds.). The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.

Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of Behavior Modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bandura, A. & Walters, R. (1963). Social Learning and Personality Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

ReferencesBransford, J. (1979). Human cognition: Learning, understanding, and remembering. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1989) Ecological systems theory. In R. Vasta (eds.) Annals of child development, vol 6, Greenwich, CT: JAL

Craik, F., & Lockhart, R. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Thinking and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.

Hossam, A.-H. (2005, October 31). Information Processing Theory. (York University) Retrieved October 08, 2011, from Theories Used in Research: http://www.istheory.yorku.ca/informationprocessingtheory.htm

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ReferencesLearning Theories Knowledgebase. (2011, October 01). Social Learning Theory (Bandura). Retrieved October 08, 2011, from Learning-Theories.com: http://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html

Piaget, J. (1969) Science of education and the psychology of the child, New York: Viking

Piaget, J. (1968) Six psychology studies, New York: Vintage

Piaget, J. (1952) The origins of intelligence in children. London: Routledge and Paul

Skinner, B. F. (1953) Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan

Skinner, B.F. (1961) Teaching machines in Scientific American

Vygotsky, L (1978), Mind in society, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Vygotsky, L (1993), The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky, Vol. 2, New York, Penguin

Santrock, J.W. (2008). Life-Span Development. (11th ed.). New York: McGraw.