ED 402 091 TITLE Georgia Kids Count Factbook, 1992. … · 2014. 5. 14. · DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 402...
87
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 402 091 PS 024 871 TITLE Georgia Kids Count Factbook, 1992. INSTITUTION Georgians for Children, Atlanta, GA. SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 169p. PUB TYPE Statistical Data (110) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Adolescents: Births to Single Women; Child Abuse; Child Custody; Child Neglect; *Children; Demography; Dropout Rate; Early Parenthood; Economically Disadvantaged; Employed Parents; Family Income; Infant Mortality; Infants; Mothers; Racial Differences; State Surveys; Statistical Studies; Statistical Surveys; Tables (Data); *Well Being IDENTIFIERS *Georgia ABSTRACT This factbook presents statistics and examines trends for nine indicators of children's well-being in Georgia. The indicators are: (1) number and percent of low birthweight infants; (2) infant death rate; (3) death rate of children ages 1 to 14 years; (4) violent death rate of teenagers aged 15 to 19 years; (5) rate of child abuse and neglect; (6) numbers of juveniles committed to state custody; (7) birthrates to teenagers aged 15 to 19 years; (8) high school dropout rates for teenagers 16 and older; and (9) child poverty rate. The principal finding of this analysis is that thousands of Georgia children are jeopardized by poor health, early death risk, and lack of adequate support for their families, with African-American children faring significantly worse than children. National and international comparison and national goals are included to help establish reasonable standards for action. The report is divided into four sections: (1) "Who are Georgia's Children?" providing demographic information for 1980 and 1990 statewide and by county; (2) "How are Georgia's Children Faring?" providing statewide and county information on the nine well-being indicators; (3) "Who are Georgia's Families?" including information on the diverse family settings in Georgia, family income, and maternal employment; and (4) "Appendices," including a glossary and descriptions of methodology and sources. (KDFB) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Transcript of ED 402 091 TITLE Georgia Kids Count Factbook, 1992. … · 2014. 5. 14. · DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 402...
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 402 091 PS 024 871
TITLE Georgia Kids Count Factbook, 1992.INSTITUTION Georgians for Children, Atlanta, GA.SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.PUB DATE 92NOTE 169p.
PUB TYPE Statistical Data (110) Reports Descriptive (141)
EDRS PRICE MFOI/PC07 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Adolescents: Births to Single Women; Child Abuse;
Child Custody; Child Neglect; *Children; Demography;Dropout Rate; Early Parenthood; EconomicallyDisadvantaged; Employed Parents; Family Income;Infant Mortality; Infants; Mothers; RacialDifferences; State Surveys; Statistical Studies;Statistical Surveys; Tables (Data); *Well Being
IDENTIFIERS *Georgia
ABSTRACTThis factbook presents statistics and examines trends
for nine indicators of children's well-being in Georgia. Theindicators are: (1) number and percent of low birthweight infants;(2) infant death rate; (3) death rate of children ages 1 to 14 years;(4) violent death rate of teenagers aged 15 to 19 years; (5) rate ofchild abuse and neglect; (6) numbers of juveniles committed to statecustody; (7) birthrates to teenagers aged 15 to 19 years; (8) highschool dropout rates for teenagers 16 and older; and (9) childpoverty rate. The principal finding of this analysis is thatthousands of Georgia children are jeopardized by poor health, earlydeath risk, and lack of adequate support for their families, withAfrican-American children faring significantly worse thanchildren. National and international comparison and national goalsare included to help establish reasonable standards for action. Thereport is divided into four sections: (1) "Who are Georgia'sChildren?" providing demographic information for 1980 and 1990statewide and by county; (2) "How are Georgia's Children Faring?"providing statewide and county information on the nine well-beingindicators; (3) "Who are Georgia's Families?" including informationon the diverse family settings in Georgia, family income, andmaternal employment; and (4) "Appendices," including a glossary anddescriptions of methodology and sources. (KDFB)
************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.***********************************************************************
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rgia
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ains
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nsur
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ey a
ll ha
ve th
e
oppo
rtun
ity to
rea
lize
thei
r as
pira
tions
.
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Geo
rgia
KID
S C
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Fac
tboo
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92 is
the
stat
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first
inde
pend
ent,
coun
ty-b
y-co
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ass
essm
ent o
f how
all
its c
hild
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are
doin
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he F
actb
ook
pain
ts a
pic
ture
of w
ho G
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chi
ldre
n ar
e. It
look
s at
whe
ther
they
're h
ealth
y w
hen
they
're b
orn,
and
whe
ther
they
stay
hea
lthy
as c
hild
ren
and
as te
enag
ers.
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Fac
tboo
k ex
amin
es
whe
ther
Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren
live
in p
over
ty, w
heth
er th
ey a
re s
afe
from
abus
e an
d ne
glec
t, ar
e ab
le it
o gr
adua
te fr
om h
igh
scho
ol, t
o po
stpo
ne
child
bear
ing
until
ack
gtho
od'a
nd to
avo
id in
volv
emen
t with
the
juve
nile
just
ice
syst
em T
he G
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ips
CO
UN
T F
4ctb
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o ex
amin
es
Geo
rgia
'spr
imar
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viro
nmen
t in
whi
ch c
hild
ren;
gro
wz
.
up, a
re n
urtu
red
and
lear
n va
lues
.
The
prin
cipa
l fin
ding
s of
the
Geo
rgia
KID
S C
OU
NT
Fac
tboo
k
1992
are
that
thou
sand
s of
chi
ldre
n in
this
sta
te a
re je
opar
dize
d by
poor
hea
lth, t
he r
isk
of e
arly
dea
th, a
nd a
lack
of a
dequ
ate
supp
ort f
or
thei
r fa
mili
es. T
he F
actb
ook
also
find
s th
at G
eorg
ia's
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an
child
ren
fare
sig
nific
antly
wor
se th
an it
s w
hite
chi
ldre
n. D
espi
te
econ
omic
gro
wth
in G
eorg
ia d
urin
g th
e 19
80's
, mor
e th
an 3
00,0
00 o
f
the
stat
e's
child
ren
lived
in p
over
ty, c
ompr
omis
ing
thei
r op
port
uniti
es
for
a sa
fe a
nd h
ealth
y de
velo
pmen
t. W
hile
ther
e ha
s be
en p
rogr
ess
in
som
e ar
eas
few
er te
ens
drop
ping
out
of h
igh
scho
ol, a
low
er r
ate
of
deat
h fo
r in
fant
s an
d ch
ildre
nG
eorg
ia c
ontin
ues
to r
ank
amon
g th
e
wor
st s
tate
s in
the
coun
try
whe
n it
com
es to
the
over
all w
ell-b
eing
of
child
ren.
The
dat
a al
so s
ugge
st th
at G
eorg
ia h
as fa
iled
its te
enag
ers
in
seve
ral a
reas
mor
e an
d m
ore
yout
h ar
e co
mm
itted
to ju
veni
le
cust
ody
each
yea
r, a
re h
avin
g ch
ildre
n be
fore
they
rea
ch th
eir
18th
birt
hday
, or
are
dyin
g vi
olen
tly.
The
find
ings
in th
e G
eorg
ia K
IDS
CO
UN
T F
actb
ook
1992
are
the
lega
cy o
f man
y ye
ars
in w
hich
chi
ldre
n w
ere
not a
prio
rity
in
Geo
rgia
. To
mov
e th
e .s
tate
up
from
the
botto
m o
f the
nat
iona
l
cank
ings
Geo
rgia
ns m
ust c
ome
toge
ther
i to
deV
elop
str
ateg
ies
and
plan
s
that
'giv
e to
p pr
iorit
y to
chi
ldre
n an
d th
eir
fam
ilies
. By
linki
ng d
ata
on
4K
IDS
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UN
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rgia
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or C
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OU
NT
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HM
AR
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Low
Birt
hwei
ght
Infa
nts
Infa
nt D
eath
s
Chi
ld D
eath
s
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n V
iole
nt D
eath
s
Juve
nile
s C
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itted
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tate
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Birt
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nder
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Hig
h S
choo
l Dro
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ldre
n in
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erty
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OR
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EN
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TY
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EN
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ease
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line
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line
59%
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ease
66%
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ease
59%
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ease
79%
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line
55%
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line
art
.
*Abu
sed
and
Neg
lect
ed C
hild
ren
is a
lso
a K
IDS
CO
UN
T b
ench
mar
k. S
ince
tren
d da
taar
e no
tav
aila
ble,
it is
not
incl
uded
in th
is ta
ble.
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40:4
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how
chi
ldre
n ar
e do
ing
with
the
best
ava
ilabl
e ev
iden
ce a
bout
wha
t
wor
ks to
impr
ove
the
stat
us o
f chi
ldre
n, w
e ho
pe G
eorg
iaK
IDS
CO
UN
T w
ill h
elp
shap
e ef
fect
ive
polic
ies
that
mak
e su
reev
ery
child
's
fund
amen
tal n
eeds
are
met
, and
that
eac
h ch
ild in
Geo
rgia
has
an e
qual
chan
ce to
live
a fu
ll an
d su
cces
sful
life.
Whi
le th
e pr
oble
ms
are
com
plex
, res
earc
h ov
er th
e pa
sttw
o
deca
des
has
offe
red
som
e ve
ry p
rom
isin
g so
lutio
ns. W
e kn
owth
at
prev
entio
n st
rate
gies
, ear
ly in
terv
entio
nan
d en
hanc
ed c
omm
unity
and
pare
ntal
invo
lvem
ent
are
keys
to im
prov
ing
the
wel
l-bei
ng o
f chi
ldre
n.
The
mos
t effe
ctiv
e, lo
ng-t
erm
stra
tegy
may
be
to in
vest
in
child
ren
early
-on.
Stu
dies
hav
esh
own
that
focu
sing
on e
arly
hea
lth c
are,
educ
atio
n an
d pa
rent
supp
ort s
yste
ms
has
a dr
amat
ic im
pact
on th
e
heal
th a
nd d
evel
opm
ent o
f chi
ldre
n.T
hrou
gh fa
mili
es a
nd c
omm
uniti
es
we
mus
t als
o of
fer
guid
ance
and
sup
port
to c
hild
ren
stru
gglin
g th
roug
h
thei
r te
en y
ears
.
Fin
ally
, suc
cess
ful p
olic
ies
aim
edat
impr
ovin
g ch
ild w
ell-b
eing
mus
t rec
ogni
ze th
at c
hild
ren
live
infa
mili
es. A
ll fa
mili
es h
ave
high
hop
es
for
thei
r ch
ildre
n's
futu
re.
Par
ents
nee
d em
ploy
men
t opp
ortu
nitie
san
d
suffi
cien
t inc
ome
to r
aise
thei
rch
ildre
n as
wel
l as
supp
ort
to b
alan
ce
wor
k an
d ch
ild-r
earin
g re
spon
sibi
litie
s.
The
cos
ts o
f mai
ntai
ning
the
stat
us q
uo a
re h
igh,
and
they
are
I
OV
ER
VIE
W A
ND
FIN
DIN
GS
1-'7
4"
717,
r1R
PI71
"7
born
e by
all
Geo
rgia
ns. A
ddre
ssin
g pr
oble
ms
afte
r th
e fa
ct is
ofte
n
unsu
cces
sful
and
rar
ely
cost
-effe
ctiv
e. N
eona
tal i
nten
sive
car
e se
rvic
es
for
babi
es b
on"
sick
or
too
smal
l are
far
mor
e ex
pens
ive
than
qua
lity,
com
preh
ensi
ve p
rena
tal c
are.
Cos
tly r
emed
ial e
duca
tion
serv
ices
are
bein
g pr
ovid
ed fo
r ch
ildre
n w
hose
inte
llect
ual,
emot
iona
l and
phy
sica
l
disa
bilit
ies
may
hav
e be
en p
reve
ntab
le. M
illio
ns o
f dol
lars
are
use
d to
supp
ort t
eena
gers
who
hav
e ch
ildre
n w
hile
onl
y a
smal
l por
tion
of th
is
mon
ey is
use
d to
hel
p te
ens
dela
y ch
ildbe
arin
g. P
ublic
fund
s al
so
supp
ort c
hild
ren
who
se p
aren
ts d
id n
ot h
ave
the
bene
fit o
f the
educ
atio
n an
d tr
aini
ng th
ey n
eede
d to
find
pro
duct
ive
wor
k. B
usin
esse
s
spen
d va
luab
le ti
me
and
mon
ey r
e-ed
ucat
ing
youn
g ad
ults
who
did
not
ente
r th
e w
orkf
orce
ade
quat
ely
prep
ared
. Mill
ions
of d
olla
rs a
re s
pent
each
yea
r on
you
th d
eten
tion
faci
litie
s an
d pr
ison
s.
Mor
e di
fficu
lt to
qua
ntify
, but
just
as
impo
rtan
t, ar
e th
e in
dire
ct
cost
s of
our
failu
re to
ade
quat
ely
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f our
chi
ldre
n. M
any
child
ren
in G
eorg
ia a
re m
issi
ng o
ppor
tuni
ties
to r
ealiz
e th
eir
pers
onal
pote
ntia
l, to
be
the
futu
re le
ader
s of
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es.
Whi
le s
tate
wid
e in
itiat
ives
will
be
esse
ntia
l to
mak
e tr
ue
prog
ress
in G
eorg
ia,
Indi
vidu
al c
ount
i, an
d co
mm
unity
effo
rts
mus
t be
the,
foun
datio
n of
:cha
nge,
Chi
ldre
n ar
e fa
cing
pro
blem
s th
roug
hout
the
;.
stat
e of
Gpo
rgia
:,`T
he c
ount
y-by
-cou
nty
info
rmat
ion
in th
e G
ecrg
ig''
6K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
nsF
ort§
ldre
n
WH
AT
IS T
HE
GE
OR
GIA
KID
S C
OU
NT
FA
CT
BO
OK
199
2?
El T
he m
ost u
p-to
7dat
e an
d co
mpl
ete
coun
ty -
by-
coun
ty d
ata
on c
hild
ren-
ava
ilabl
e in
the
stat
e.
An
in-d
epth
look
at 9
indi
cato
rs o
f chi
ld w
ell-b
eing
.'
Info
rmat
ion,
on
the
chan
ging
sta
tus
of c
hild
ren
in
Geo
rgia
dur
ing
the
1980
'sW
here
we'
ve m
ade
prog
ress
and
whe
re w
e've
falle
n be
hind
.
0 T
he p
olic
y fr
amew
ork
need
ed to
inte
rpre
t the
dat
aan
d to
beg
in th
e ta
sk o
f sha
ping
effe
ctiv
e re
spon
ses.
Bac
kgro
und
info
rmat
ion
on p
opul
atio
n, fa
mili
es, a
nd,
econ
omic
cha
nges
in th
e st
ate,
to p
ut th
e pr
oble
ms
pfch
ildre
n in
con
text
.
1 7'
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
OV
ER
VIE
W A
ND
FIN
DIN
GS
kW T
HE
GE
OR
GIA
KID
S M
kt IA
(TB
OO
K IS
The
Fac
tboo
k is
div
ided
into
four
sec
tions
:
P W
ho a
re G
eorg
ia's
Chi
ldre
n? D
emog
raph
icin
form
atio
n de
scrib
ing
chan
ges
in G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldpo
pula
tion
who
the
child
ren
are
and
whe
re th
eyliv
e. How
are
Geo
rgia
's C
hild
ren
Far
ing?
An
in-d
epth
look
at 9
ben
chm
arks
of c
hild
wel
l-bei
ng.
7 W
ho a
re G
eorg
ia's
Fam
ilies
? S
ituat
es c
hild
ren
inth
e in
crea
sing
ly d
iver
se fa
mily
set
tings
foun
dth
roug
hout
Geo
rgia
.
7 A
ppen
dice
s: In
clud
es g
loss
ary
of te
rms,
des
crip
tion
of m
etho
dolo
gy a
nd s
ourc
es.
The
Geo
rgia
KID
S C
OU
NT
Fac
tboo
k us
es th
e m
ost
rece
nt, r
elia
ble
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e. W
hene
ver
poss
ible
, dat
a ar
e pr
esen
ted
for
the
who
le p
opul
atio
nan
d ag
ain
for
whi
tes
and
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
ans
sepa
rate
ly.
Whi
le th
eir
num
bers
are
gro
win
g, H
ispa
nic-
orig
in a
ndA
sian
-Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
wer
e to
o fe
w d
urin
g th
e19
80's
to in
clud
e as
dis
tinct
pop
ulat
ion
grou
ps in
the
coun
ty ta
bles
.
18
KID
S C
OU
NT
Fac
tboo
k w
ill h
elp
prof
essi
onal
s se
rvin
g ch
ildre
n an
d
yout
h, b
usin
ess
lead
ers,
dec
isio
n-m
aker
s; a
dvoc
ates
, edu
cato
rs a
nd
pare
nts
unde
rsta
nd h
ow c
hild
ren
in th
eir
own
com
mun
ities
are
doi
ng.
Ofte
n, s
tate
wid
e in
form
atio
n hi
des
or m
isre
pres
ents
the
part
icul
ar
need
s or
ach
ieve
men
ts o
f loc
al c
omm
uniti
es. W
e ur
ge c
omm
unity
mem
bers
to lo
ok b
ehin
d th
e nu
mbe
rs a
nd h
elp
inte
rpre
t why
som
e
area
s of
the
stat
e pe
rfor
m w
ell a
nd o
ther
s po
orly
. An
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
how
sim
ilar
coun
ties
com
pare
with
one
ano
ther
on
the
stat
us o
f
child
ren
can
info
rm s
trat
egie
s fo
r ch
ange
. The
Fac
tboo
k in
clud
es
natio
nal a
nd s
elec
ted
inte
rnat
iona
l com
paris
ons
and
natio
nal g
oals
to
help
est
ablis
h re
ason
able
sta
ndar
ds.
19G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
nK
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
1
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
Per
cent
of C
hild
ren
Livi
ng in
Pov
erty
, 198
9
I27%
41.4
%
20 2
%26
.9%
4 9%
20.1
%N
umbe
r to
o sm
all
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
WH
AT
TH
E M
AP
TE
LLS
US
El 5
6 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 2
1% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
very
hig
h
rate
of c
hild
pov
erty
(fr
om 2
7% to
41.
4%).
E 5
5 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 4
2% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e,a
high
rat
e
pf c
hild
pov
erty
(fr
om 2
0.2*
to 2
6.9%
).
la 3
8 co
untie
sh,o
rne
to p
5% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
child
pove
rty
rate
at o
r be
low
the
Geo
rgia
ave
rage
of 2
0.1%
.
8K
IDS
(01
11ff
1992
Geo
rgia
ns F
orC
al-e
nB
ES
T C
OP
Y A
VA
ILA
BLE
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
S
Per
cent
of I
nfan
ts B
orn
Wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
.5P
ound
s, 1
986
- 1
990*
9.1
% 1
2.2%
8.5%
9%
5.4%
8.4%
Num
ber
too
smal
lto
cal
cula
te a
rat
e
WH
AT
TH
E M
AP
TE
LLS
US
IL] 5
1 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 2
3% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
very
hig
h
rate
of l
ow b
irthw
eigh
t inf
ants
(fr
om 9
.1%
to 1
2.2%
).
21 -
coun
ties,
hom
e to
18%
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
n, h
ave
a 11
0 ra
te
of lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t inf
ants
(fr
om 8
.5%
to 9
%).
El 5
6 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 5
6% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren
have
ara
teof
loW
birt
hwei
ght i
nfan
tsat
or b
elow
the
GeO
rgia
ave
rage
of 8
.4%
.
*Dat
a pr
esen
ted
in th
e m
aps
are
adju
sted
for
race
n
T.
(77:
BIR
TH
TO
TE
EN
S
Rat
e pe
r 1,
000
of B
irths
toG
irls
You
nger
than
Age
18,
1986
-199
0*
63.1
101.
1
52. I
63
14.1
52
Num
ber
too
smal
lto
cal
cula
te a
rat
e
WH
AT
TH
E M
AP
TE
LLS
US
7 34
cou
ntie
s, h
ome
toI 8
% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
very
hig
h
rate
of b
irths
to te
ens
(fro
m 6
3.1
to 1
01.1
per
1,0
00).
El 3
3 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 3
1% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
high
rat
e
of b
irths
to te
ens
(fro
m 5
2.1
to 6
3 pe
r 1,
000)
.
Li 5
9 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 4
6% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
rate
of
teen
birt
hs a
t or
belo
w th
e G
eorg
ia a
vera
ge o
f 51.
3 pe
r 1,
000.
22
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L D
RO
PO
UT
S
s
WH
AT
TH
E M
AP
TE
LLS
US
Per
cent
of T
een
Age
s 16
-19
Not
Hig
h S
choo
l Gra
duat
esan
d N
ot in
Sch
ool,
1990
*
7
18.6
%35
%
14.2
%18
.5%
4.8%
14.1
%N
umbe
r to
o sm
all
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
7 40
cou
ntie
s, h
ome
to 2
1% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
very
hig
h
rate
of h
igh
scho
ol d
ropo
uts
(fro
m I
8.6%
to 3
5%).
40 c
ount
ies,
hom
e to
25%
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
n, h
ave
a hi
gh r
ate
of h
igh
scho
ol d
ropo
uts
(fro
m 1
4.2%
to 1
8.5%
).
Ei 4
7 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 4
3% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
hav
e a
high
scho
ol d
ropo
ut r
ate
belo
w 1
4.1
%.(
Geo
rgia
ave
rage
= 1
4.3%
).
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
29
23
WH
AT
WE
DO
N'T
KN
OW
Up-
to-d
ate,
loca
l inf
orm
atio
n ab
out t
he w
ell-b
eing
of c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
in G
eorg
ia is
vita
l to
asse
ssin
g th
e pr
ogre
ss o
f the
sta
te a
nd to
desi
gnin
g ef
fect
ive
resp
onse
s to
pro
blem
s. Y
et th
ere
are
syst
emic
flaw
s in
the
way
Geo
rgia
cur
rent
ly g
athe
rs it
s da
ta o
n ch
ildre
n:
El K
ey c
hild
-ser
ving
age
ncie
s in
the
stat
e su
ch a
s th
e
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n, th
e D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Ser
vice
s an
d th
e D
ivis
ion
of P
ublic
Hea
lth h
ave
each
gro
uped
coun
ties
diffe
rent
ly s
o th
at th
eir
serv
ice
area
s ar
e no
t com
para
ble.
Li C
hild
ren
are
ofte
n in
volv
ed w
ith m
ore
than
one
ser
vice
syst
em a
t a ti
me
(the
y m
ay h
ave
a ch
ild p
rote
ctio
n w
orke
r as
wel
l as
a pr
obat
ion
offic
er),
but
ther
e is
no
sing
le in
form
atio
n da
taba
se
conn
ectin
g th
ese
serv
ice
syst
ems.
The
re a
re a
lso
criti
cal g
aps
in th
e in
form
atio
n th
at is
ava
ilabl
e
on c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
.
Li H
ealth
insu
ranc
e: 2
0% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren
are
with
out
heal
th in
sura
nce,
but
ther
e is
no
coun
ty-b
y-co
unty
info
rmat
ion
on
this
impo
rtan
t det
erm
inan
t of c
hild
ren'
s he
alth
.
A H
unge
r an
d H
omel
essn
ess:
ther
e is
no
coun
ty-b
y-co
unty
info
rmat
ion
on w
heth
er c
hild
ren
have
food
to e
at o
r a
hom
e in
whi
ch to
live
.
10K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
L..
Sub
stan
ce A
buse
: des
pite
the
grow
ing
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
usin
g al
coho
l and
dru
gs, t
here
is n
o ac
cura
te c
ount
y-by
-cou
nty
info
rmat
ion
on s
ubst
ance
abu
se.
NE
XT
ST
EP
S
The
Geo
rgia
KID
S C
OU
NT
Fac
tboo
k 19
92 p
rovi
des
a pi
ctur
e of
toda
y. A
s an
on-
goin
g pr
ojec
t of G
eorg
ians
for
Chi
ldre
n, G
eorg
ia
KID
S C
OU
NT
will
con
tinue
to a
ssem
ble
and
publ
ish
the
best
avai
labl
e da
ta a
nd u
pdat
ed in
form
atio
n on
chi
ldre
n an
d fa
mili
es e
ach
year
. Geo
rgia
KID
S C
OU
NT
wel
com
es s
ugge
stio
ns a
nd c
omm
ents
from
rea
ders
to e
nsur
e th
e hi
gh q
ualit
y of
our
pub
licat
ions
.
We
hope
the
stat
e an
d co
unty
info
rmat
ion
cont
aine
d in
this
year
's G
eorg
ia K
IDS
CO
UN
T F
actb
ook
will
ser
ve a
s a
base
line
agai
nst w
hich
to m
easu
re p
rogr
ess
durin
g th
e 19
90's
. Thi
s w
ill b
e a
deci
sive
dec
ade
for
Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
.To
succ
essf
ully
mak
e th
e tr
ansi
tion
into
the
2Ist
cen
tury
, Geo
rgia
mus
t ens
ure
that
all c
hild
ren
are
give
n th
e op
port
unity
to r
ealiz
e th
eir
pote
ntia
l.
Geo
rgia
mus
t cha
lleng
e its
elf t
o ac
com
plis
h th
is g
oal
it w
on't
happ
en o
n its
ow
n. C
once
rted
effo
rts
at th
e st
ate
and
loca
l lev
els
are
nece
ssar
y to
lay
the
foun
datio
n of
suc
cess
. Mos
t im
port
antly
, all
Geo
rgia
ns m
ust c
omm
it th
emse
lves
to th
e fa
ct th
at o
ur c
hild
ren
are
our
futu
re.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
WH
O A
RE
GE
OR
GIA
'S
CH
ILD
RE
N?
CH
ILD
PO
PU
LAT
ION
13,,E
r777
7`7
,7.7
;77"
a.7-
Geo
rgia
is h
ome
to n
early
2 m
illio
n ch
ildre
n un
der
the
age
of 1
8. A
lthou
gh th
e ch
ild
popu
latio
n in
crea
sed
5% in
the
1980
's, t
he to
tal p
opul
atio
n in
Geo
rgia
incr
ease
d 18
%
durin
g th
is p
erio
d. A
s a
resu
lt G
eorg
ia's
1,7
27,3
03 c
hild
ren
now
com
pris
e a
smal
ler
'pe
rcen
tage
(27
%)
of th
e st
ate
popu
latio
n th
an th
ey d
id a
dec
ade
ago
(30%
).
Tw
o-th
irds
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
n liv
e in
the
38 c
ount
ies
that
mak
e up
the
stat
e's
eigh
t met
ropo
litan
are
as. F
orty
-tw
o pe
rcen
t of t
he s
tate
's c
hild
ren
live
in th
e
Atla
nta
met
ropo
litan
are
a. T
hirt
y-si
x pe
rcen
t of t
he c
hild
ren
in G
eorg
ia li
ve in
rur
al
area
s of
the
stat
e.
Geo
rgia
's c
hild
pop
ulat
ion
has
beco
me
mor
e di
vers
e. A
bout
one
-thi
rd o
f all
child
ren
in G
eorg
ia in
the
1980
's w
ere
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an. M
ost o
f the
se c
hild
ren
lived
in tw
o cl
uste
rs o
f cou
ntie
sin
the
east
cen
tral
and
sou
thw
est,
area
s of
the
stat
e. In
thes
e ar
eas,
they
acc
ount
ed fo
r 65
% o
f the
chi
ld p
opul
atio
n. B
y co
ntra
st, A
fric
an-
Am
eric
ans
mad
e up
less
than
1%
of t
he c
hild
ren
in 1
0 co
untie
s in
nor
th G
eorg
ia.
Chi
ldre
n of
His
pani
c or
igin
(co
nsid
ered
an
ethn
ic, n
ot r
acia
l gro
up)
are
the
seco
nd la
rges
t min
ority
gro
up. T
heir
num
bers
incr
ease
d 46
% d
urin
g th
e 19
80's
,
near
ing
2% o
f the
sta
te's
chi
ld p
opul
atio
n by
199
0. T
he n
umbe
r of
Asi
an-A
mer
ican
child
ren
in G
eorg
ia (
incl
udin
g ch
ildre
n fr
om th
e P
acifi
c Is
land
s) tr
iple
d du
ring
the
1980
's, m
akin
g th
em th
e th
ird la
rges
t min
ority
gro
up.
GE
OR
GIA
'S M
ILD
PO
PU
LAT
ION
,
BY
RA
CE
AN
D O
RIG
IN, 1
990*
Whi
te C
hild
ren
64%
Oth
er R
ace
Chi
ldre
n I%
Asi
an-A
mer
ican
Chi
ldre
n I%
His
pani
c-O
rigin
Chi
ldre
n 2%
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an C
hild
ren
34%
His
pani
cs c
an b
e of
any
rac
e
ID G
eorg
ia's
1,7
27,3
03ch
ildre
n ac
coun
t for
27%
of
the
stat
e's
popu
latio
n.
EA
36%
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
nliv
e in
rur
al a
reas
of t
hest
ate.
12K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
CH
ILD
PO
PU
LAT
ION
WH
ER
E G
EO
RG
IA'S
CH
ILD
RE
N L
IVE
, 199
0
Atla
nta
Are
a C
ount
ies
42%
Rur
al C
ount
ies
36%
Oth
er U
rban
/Sub
urba
n C
ount
ies
22%
D 3
4% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren
are
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an.
D In
198
0, n
on-A
fric
an-
Am
eric
an m
inor
ity c
hild
ren
acco
unte
d fo
r 2.
3% o
f the
child
pop
ulat
ion.
By
1990
they
wer
e 4.
2% o
f the
popu
latio
n.
30
The
maj
ority
of G
eorg
ia's
Asi
an-A
mer
ican
and
His
pani
c-or
igin
chi
ldre
n liv
e in
the
met
ropo
litan
are
as o
f the
sta
te. O
ver
two-
third
s of
the
Asi
an-A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n
live
in th
eI 8
-cou
nty
Atla
nta
met
ropo
litan
are
a, w
ith 6
4% li
ving
in C
layt
on, C
obb,
Dek
alb,
Ful
ton
and
Gw
inne
tt C
ount
ies.
Clo
se to
50%
of t
he s
tate
's H
ispa
nic-
orig
in
child
ren
live
in th
e A
tlant
a ar
ea.
In a
dditi
on to
the
thre
e pr
imar
y m
inor
ity g
roup
s, in
199
0 th
ere
wer
e ov
er
16,0
00 c
hild
ren
in G
eorg
ia fr
om o
ther
rac
ial b
ackg
roun
ds. T
hese
wer
e m
ostly
"N
ativ
e
Am
eric
ans"
whi
ch in
clud
ed A
mer
ican
Indi
an, E
skim
o an
d A
leut
chi
ldre
n.
The
cha
nges
in G
eorg
ia's
chi
ld p
opul
atio
n du
ring
the
1980
's h
ave
impl
icat
ions
for
the
stat
e's
futu
re. W
hile
the
num
ber
of m
inor
ity c
hild
ren
not A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
in
Geo
rgia
is n
ot g
reat
(ap
prox
imat
ely
4% o
f all
child
ren)
, the
ir st
eadi
ly in
crea
sing
num
bers
cha
lleng
e pu
blic
ser
vice
del
iver
y sy
stem
s to
dev
elop
mul
ti-lin
gual
, cul
tura
lly
sens
itive
pro
gram
s.
The
indi
cato
rs o
f chi
ld w
ell-b
eing
in th
e F
actb
ook
pain
t a p
ictu
re o
f life
in
Geo
rgia
for
child
ren.
Som
e of
thes
e ch
ildre
n fa
ce s
igni
fican
t obs
tacl
es to
hea
lth a
nd
succ
ess.
As
child
ren
beco
me
a sm
alle
r pr
opor
tion
of G
eorg
ia's
pop
ulat
ion,
eac
h ch
ild
beco
mes
an
even
mor
e pr
ecio
us r
esou
rce
for
the
futu
re.
31
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
213
CH
ILD
PO
PU
LAT
ION
Num
ber
of C
hild
ren
and
Chi
ldre
n as
Per
cent
of T
otal
Pop
ulat
ion,
Geo
rgia
, 198
0 an
d 19
90rt
il.'"1
.7.=
1-7
r*.M
.1.,
a,' r
r..1
-17
n-
:113
.--
- Z
. :
CO
UN
TY
AP
PLI
NG
AT
KIN
SO
NB
AC
ON
BA
KE
R
BA
LDW
INB
AN
KS
BA
RR
OW
BA
RT
OW
BE
N H
ILL
BE
RR
IEN
BIB
B
BLE
CK
LEY
BR
AN
TLE
YB
RO
OK
SB
RY
AN
BU
LLO
CH
BU
RK
E
BU
TT
S
CA
LHO
UN
CA
MD
EN
CA
ND
LER
CA
RR
OLL
CA
TO
OS
AC
HA
RLT
ON
CH
AT
HA
MC
HA
TT
AH
OO
CH
EE
CH
AT
TO
OG
AC
HE
RO
KE
E
CLA
RK
E
CLA
YC
LAY
TO
NC
LIN
CH
CO
BB
CO
FF
EE
CO
LQU
ITT
CO
LUM
BIA
CO
OK
CO
WE
TA
CR
AW
FO
RD
CR
ISP
DA
DE
DA
WS
ON
DE
CA
TU
RD
EK
ALB
DO
DG
E
DO
OLY
DO
UG
HE
RT
Y
LD
OU
GL
AS
EA
RLY
0-.1
4s,
EF
FIN
GH
AM
ELB
E6T
EM
AN
UE
L
1980
NU
M5.
374
34.5
2,10
934
33,
175
33.9
1,28
233
.7
9,70
328
.0
2,59
129
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6,63
931
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12.9
4531
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4,92
530
.8
4,18
6,3
1.0
44,0
4929
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3,04
828
33,
026
34.8
5,15
233
.8
3.56
635
.0
9,87
627
.6
6.81
I35
.2
4,07
929
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1,88
533
.0
4,45
433
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2.24
829
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1 6,
937
30.1
1 1,
443
30.9
2,66
536
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60,0
1729
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5,74
126
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6,41
029
.3
16.8
1732
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16,1
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1. I
1231
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49,2
6832
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035
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86,6
8529
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8,80
232
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11,3
2232
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13,5
34'3
3.7
4,51
333
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12,3
3831
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2,58
033
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6,41
532
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3,82
231
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1,43
430
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8,52
033
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134,
638
27.9
5,37
431
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3,70
034
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34,1
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934
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6 f
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T,3
4.7 .
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265
34.2
5.55
1' 2
9.6
6,77
032
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1990
Mai
X4,
584
29.1
1.86
230
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2.85
829
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1,08
029
.9
9,15
823
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2,73
726
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8.31
428
.0
15.3
7627
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4,98
230
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3,90
927
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39,8
6326
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2,74
926
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3,36
530
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4.59
229
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5,00
432
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9,83
722
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6,82
933
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3.94
725
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1,45
629
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9,15
030
.3
2.10
427
.2
19,1
4126
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11,0
2326
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2,64
131
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57,2
8626
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4,73
027
.9
5,69
425
.6
25,3
4328
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17.5
5220
.0
983
29.2
50,8
5527
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1,84
429
.9
113,
244
25.3
8,85
429
.9
10,3
7728
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20,1
4430
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3,86
128
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15,3
5128
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2,54
128
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5,99
530
.0
3,42
226
.0
2,61
527
.7
7,60
029
.8
129,
553
23.7
4,56
025
.9
2,99
030
.2
29,3
1730
.4
20,1
4928
3 --
- - -
3,56
430
.1
1980
1990
CO
UN
TY
NU
M%
NU
MX
?
EV
AN
S2.
772
32.9
2.55
829
.3
FA
NN
IN3,
936
26.7
3,70
723
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AY
ET
TE
9,71
233
.418
.227
29.2
FLO
YD
22,3
2428
.019
,469
24.0
FO
RS
YT
H8,
834
31.6
11,3
7325
.8
FR
AN
KU
N4.
265
28.1
3,95
323
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FU
LTO
N15
9,16
227
.015
7,18
524
.2
GIL
ME
R3,
153
28.4
3,36
425
.2
GLA
SC
OC
K64
627
.155
523
.5
GLY
NN
16,2
3829
.516
,243
26.0
GO
RD
ON
9,48
731
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498
27.1
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AD
Y6,
482
32.7
5,72
628
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GR
EE
NE
3,68
832
.43,
610
30.6
GW
INN
ET
T53
.977
32.3
98,7
1428
.0H
AB
ER
SH
AM
6,78
027
.16,
534
23.7
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LL22
,383
29.6
24.4
5925
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NC
OC
K3.
365
35.5
2,79
331
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RA
LSO
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522
30.0
5,82
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RR
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491
29.0
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RT
5,66
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891
24.8
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7,66
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6,16
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32.0
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NS
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,31
32,
439
29.3
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5,32
432
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788
27.9
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AR
'
3,73
230
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444
26.4
LAN
IER
1.94
534
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616
29.2
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RE
NS
11,5
1931
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.258
28.2
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4.02
734
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216
32.1
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ER
TY
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'
30.4
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30.9
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21,1
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PtK
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Cen
rcin
ns F
nr C
hild
ren
3 2
MU
SO
GE
E,
50,1
71 I
i j. 5
' ,..
-,4
8,44
1-
27.0
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ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
1980
CO
UN
TY
NUM
YN
EW
TO
N11
,179
32.4
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ON
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3.82
230
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LET
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844
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8,52
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AC
6,08
131
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KE
NS
3.32
428
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ER
EC
E
3,95
033
.2
PO
LK
2.80
331
.4
9,54
629
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LAS
KI
2.78
131
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TN
AM
3 , 1
1 2
30.2
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ITM
AN
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32.1
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BU
N2,
761
26.4
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ND
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H2,
989
31.1
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HM
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28.7
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CK
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33.2
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35.3
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731
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ALD
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828
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LR
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4,07
333
.9
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AS
12,1
0231
.8
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T10
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31.6
TO
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BS
7,40
032
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WN
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256
22.3
TR
EU
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998
32.8
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29.5
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3,26
834
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188
34.1
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2,62
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UP
SO
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352
28.3
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R16
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29.6
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LTO
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AR
E10
,289
33.0
11.6
2531
.3
WA
RR
EN
2,12
132
.2
WA
SH
ING
TO
N6,
130
32.5
WA
YN
E6,
607
31.8
WE
BS
TE
R76
932
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1,70
933
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2,76
927
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31.2
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327
127.
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VV
3, 1
7529
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0 N
WIL
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S
WO
RT
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006
33.2
GA
TO
TA
LS1,
646,
130
30.1
3 3
1990
NU
N11
,676
27.9
5.05
828
.7
2.55
326
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12.1
1129
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5.76
527
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3,61
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3,75
328
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2,79
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8,94
026
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2,18
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.9
3,63
825
.7
570
25.8
2,55
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.0
2,35
7
51,4
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15,3
27
1,01
6
4,05
3
2,36
5
15,3
10
5.60
8
1,54
5
8,83
5
1,76
7
530
4,28
3
2,13
6
3,04
5
3.16
4
11,1
59
10,0
58
7.09
6
1,17
6
1,70
3
15,5
06
2,72
0
2,99
7
2,67
3
6,67
9
15,0
23
10,7
32
9,50
0
1,71
7
5.63
3
6,49
5
29.4
27.1
28.3
28.3
29.3
26.2
28.1
24.1
27.3
29.2
27.1
27.7
24.2
28.0
27.7
29.7
28.6
28.7
29.5
17.4
28.4
27.9
31.3
30.6
22.3
25.4
25.8
27.8
26.8
28.2
29.5
29.1
625
27.6
1,40
828
.7
2,99
1. 2
3.0
18,9
3526
.1
1,98
41'
28.3
2,80
826
.5
39..1
5,99
030
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1.72
7.30
326
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r"--
NC
HIL
D P
OP
ULA
TIO
N G
RO
WN
i;
Per
cent
Cha
nge
in c
ount
y ch
ild p
opul
atio
n, 1
980
1990
Incr
ease
d by
mor
e th
an 6
%
Rem
aine
d ap
prox
imat
ely
the
sam
e.
Dec
lined
by
mor
e th
an 6
%
34
WH
AT
TH
E M
AP
TE
LLS
US
El 3
4 co
untie
s, h
ome
to 3
2% o
f Geo
rgia
'sch
ildre
n, h
ad a
nin
crea
sing
chi
ld p
opul
atio
n.
fl46
cou
ntie
s, h
ome
to 4
7% o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren,
rem
aine
d ap
prox
imat
ely
the
sam
e.
F,9
79
coun
ties,
hom
e to
22%
of G
eorg
ia's
child
ren,
had
ade
clin
ing
child
pop
ulat
ion.
35
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
K11
1(ffl
IIIIT
IWO
1
CO
UN
TY
NU
M
WH
ITE
1980
/N
UM
1990
/19
80
NU
M
AF
RIC
AN
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ER
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N
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UM
1990
NU
M
HIS
PA
NIC
-OR
IGIN
*19
8019
90
/°A
NU
M
AS
IAN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
80
%
1990
NU
MN
1980
NU
M
OT
HE
R
%
RA
CE
S
1990
NU
M%
AP
PLI
NG
3,94
573
.43,
235
70.6
1,41
126
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308
28.5
470.
9__
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1
501.
18
0.1
130.
310
0.2
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6
AT
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65.7
1,21
165
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1.2
553.
00
0.0
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03
0.1
412.
2
BA
CO
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504
78.9
2,19
376
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0.5
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90
0.0
30.
17
0.2
150.
5
BA
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R52
841
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139
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958
.465
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1.6
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30
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15
0.4
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0
BA
LDW
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083
52.4
4,39
147
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47.1
4,68
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21.
445
0.5
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272
0.8
300.
38
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416
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55
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5
BA
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5.40
581
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112
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186
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161
0.7
BA
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11,1
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3,5
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6,06
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2,79
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13,2
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16,3
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2,70
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17,7
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7
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4,83
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16K
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CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
3637
* H
ispa
nics
can
be
of a
ny r
ace.
CH
ILD
PO
PU
LAT
ION
CO
UN
TY
NU
M
WH
ITE
1980
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UM
1990
%
1980
NU
M
AF
RIC
AN
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ER
ICA
N
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UM
1990
%N
UM
HIS
PA
NIC
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*19
80
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90
NU
M/
NU
M
AS
IAN
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ER
ICA
N19
80
%
1990
ill./
1980
NU
M
OT
HE
R
/R
AC
ES
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MF
AN
NIN
3,91
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99.6
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.
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95.2
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2891
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733
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823
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18,5
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79.7
3,69
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0.9
268
1.4
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50.
743
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121
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RS
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99.3
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0.5
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133
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691
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34.8
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2,12
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10,7
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1.30
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GW
IN N
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39G
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0
* H
ispa
nics
can
be
of a
ny r
ace.
18K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
reia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
41
4
, - ; ,.
A Y. e-, _,t 'e
, t e, . s
- ,z,' :,. ''. (.,C , : ' - ..."...i'f-, -v. ",,,:,
1-4,.;: i i-,,,,,,,,, " - ...,4 -., .. 4-, , 4 - ^ ,, a,"'-"* ','er''' -' l'is*.'"P - .,-..,V,' ,
^-..,.. :- ' --i.;.t.i ,,,C.: Ill l'..I." --, `,.' -2 ''.* -i"4.
- ,
4, ""'
_ ,tr,
'
+
. ..- ..
.k :L.'''i 1. -
-''... !i- - ' ''' ?, 1,1, -`,, ,,, ,,,.,,,, ,-, ,i,,,
i,,P, A -, **'t , ,;,.'" , . ." : -i-',*' .-*.-."it.:,.' ,i- ,:,,,1,,,' . '
',.
,..
A ,.
",:s._A,,I.,
.2
- "*..'
-
4 , Jr.- 'N.., i.e.:, .`"; ;
-
1
(\n
`.."*
- ^IN
LO
W B
IRT
yWfI
GH
T I
NFA
NT
S
Eirt
hwei
ght i
sa
key
indi
cato
r of
an
infa
nt's
abi
lity
to s
urvi
ve. A
low
birt
hwei
ght b
aby
(wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
1/2
lbs.
) is
40
times
mor
e lik
ely
to d
ie in
the
first
mon
th o
f life
than
a n
orm
al w
eigh
t bab
y. L
ow b
irthw
eigh
t inf
ants
who
sur
vive
are
3 ti
mes
mor
e
likel
y to
exp
erie
nce
serio
us h
ealth
and
dev
elop
men
tal p
robl
ems,
ofte
n cr
eatin
g th
e
need
for
spec
ial m
edic
al a
nd e
duca
tiona
l ser
vice
s as
they
gro
w.
The
num
ber
of b
abie
s bo
rn to
o sm
all i
n G
eorg
ia h
as r
emai
ned
fairl
y co
nsta
nt
durin
g th
e la
st d
ecad
e, a
t abo
ut 8
% o
f all
birt
hs. H
owev
er, A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
infa
nts
are
twic
e as
like
ly to
be
low
birt
hwei
ght a
s w
hite
infa
nts.
Geo
rgia
's lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t
rate
exc
eeds
the
natio
nal a
vera
ge o
f 7%
, and
falls
sho
rt o
f the
Nat
iona
l Pub
lic H
ealth
Goa
l for
the
Yea
r 20
00 o
f 5%
. In
1992
nat
iona
l com
paris
ons,
Geo
rgia
ran
ks 4
5th
amon
g th
e st
ates
in p
erce
nt o
f low
birt
hwei
ght i
nfan
ts.
Alth
ough
the
rate
of l
ow b
irthw
eigh
t birt
hs in
Geo
rgia
rem
aine
d re
lativ
ely
stab
le d
urin
g th
e 19
80's
, gro
wth
in th
e ch
ild p
opul
atio
n du
ring
this
per
iod
resu
lted
in
an in
crea
se in
the
actu
al n
umbe
r of
low
birt
hwei
ght b
irths
. In
the
latte
r pa
rt o
f the
deca
de, o
ver
44,0
00 in
fant
s w
ere
born
low
birt
hwei
ght i
n G
eorg
ia. W
hile
man
y of
the
stat
e's
159
coun
ties
mad
e pr
ogre
ss in
red
ucin
g th
is p
robl
em, m
ore
than
hal
f saw
the
perc
ent o
f low
birt
hwei
ght i
nfan
ts in
crea
se.
Why
are
som
e in
fant
s bo
m p
rem
atur
ely
and/
or u
nder
wei
ght?
Alth
ough
som
e
of th
e an
swer
s re
mai
n un
know
n, e
xper
ts a
gree
:that
the
heal
th o
f the
mot
her
befo
re
and
durin
g pr
egna
ncy
'is ,c
rUci
al. S
mok
ing,
poo
r, n
utrit
ion,
; alc
ohol
or
Oth
er d
rug
use,
44
20K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
PE
RC
EN
T O
F IN
FA
NT
S B
OR
N W
EIG
HIN
G L
ES
S
TH
AN
51/
2 LB
S.,
BY
RA
CE
, GE
OR
GIA
,
1981
-198
5 A
ND
198
6-19
90
1981
1985
1986
1990
WH
ITE
INF
AN
TS
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N IN
FA
NT
S
LLo
w b
irthw
eigh
t inf
ants
are
40 ti
mes
mor
e lik
ely
todi
e in
the
first
mon
th.
LA: M
ore
than
44,
000
low
birt
hwei
ght i
nfan
ts w
ere
born
in G
eorg
ia b
etw
een
1986
& 1
990.
PE
RC
EN
T O
F W
OM
EN
RE
CE
IVIN
G P
RE
NA
TA
L (A
RE
BY
TR
IME
ST
ER
, GE
OR
GIA
, 198
6-19
90
I st
Tri
mes
ter
Pren
atal
Car
e 72
%
No
Pre
nata
l Car
e2%
2nd
& 3
rd T
rimes
ter
Pre
nata
l Car
e25
%
It co
sts
$20,
000
per
child
on a
vera
ge fo
r ne
onat
al
inte
nsiv
e ca
re s
ervi
ces
inG
eorg
ia.
Geo
rgia
ran
ks 4
5th
amon
g th
e st
ates
in th
e
num
ber
of lo
w b
irthw
eigh
tin
fant
s in
199
2 co
mpa
rison
s.
46
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
S
and
phys
ical
and
em
otio
nal s
tres
s al
l inc
reas
e th
e ris
k of
low
birt
hwei
ght.
Bab
ies
born
to te
en m
othe
rs a
re a
lso
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t. T
he s
ame
is tr
ue fo
r
babi
es b
orn
to u
nmar
ried
mot
hers
, to
mot
hers
who
hav
e le
ss th
an 1
2 ye
ars
of
educ
atio
n an
d to
mot
hers
who
are
poo
r.
The
se r
isk
fact
ors
are
ofte
n in
terr
elat
ed, a
nd th
ere
is e
vide
nce
that
all
of th
em
can
be s
igni
fican
tly d
imin
ishe
d th
roug
h co
mpr
ehen
sive
pre
nata
l car
e, h
ealth
edu
catio
n,
and
early
inte
rven
tion
and
follo
w-u
p se
rvic
es fo
r m
othe
r an
d ne
wbo
rn. F
or m
any
mot
hers
in G
eorg
ia, t
hese
ser
vice
s ar
e no
t rea
dily
ava
ilabl
e.
Med
icai
d co
vera
ge fo
r pr
egna
nt w
omen
and
infa
nts
in G
eorg
ia e
xten
ds to
thos
e w
omen
who
ear
n 15
0% o
f the
pov
erty
leve
l or
less
(as
of J
anua
ry, 1
993)
.
Wom
en w
ho e
arn
mor
e th
an th
is b
ut h
ave
no h
ealth
insu
ranc
e fa
ce li
mite
d ac
cess
to
pren
atal
car
e. D
urin
g th
e 19
80's
, mor
e th
an 5
0,00
0 in
fant
s w
ere
born
to m
othe
rs
who
had
too
few
pre
nata
l vis
its to
obt
ain
qual
ity a
nd ti
mel
y ca
re.
Whe
n w
omen
do
not r
ecei
ve p
rena
tal c
are,
inte
nsiv
e ne
onat
al s
ervi
ces
are
ofte
n ne
cess
ary.
The
se s
ervi
ces
are
expe
nsiv
eth
e av
erag
e co
st in
the
5 re
gion
al
med
ical
cen
ters
in G
eorg
ia is
$20
,000
per
chi
ld.
The
con
stan
t rat
e of
low
birt
hwei
ght i
nfan
ts in
Geo
rgia
mea
ns m
ore
infa
nts
are
born
at r
isk
each
yea
r, a
nd w
e fa
ll fu
rthe
r be
hind
in th
e na
tion.
Incr
easi
ng th
e us
e
of c
ompr
ehen
sive
pre
nata
l car
e se
rvic
es is
a p
rom
isin
g w
ay to
rev
erse
thes
e tr
ends
.
47
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
211
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
SN
umbe
r an
d P
erce
nt o
f Inf
ants
Bor
n W
eigh
ing
Less
Tha
n 51
/2 P
ound
s, b
y R
ace,
Geo
rgia
, 198
1-19
85 a
nd 1
986-
1990
CO
UN
TY
TO
TA
L19
81-8
519
86-9
0
NU
MB
ER
%N
UM
BE
R %
WH
ITE
1981
-85
1986
-90
NU
MN
UN
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
81-8
519
86-9
0
NU
NN
UN
CO
UN
TY
TO
TA
L19
81-8
5
NU
MB
ER
X19
86-9
0
NU
MB
ER
%
WH
ITE
1981
-85
1986
-90
NU
MN
UM
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
81-8
519
86-9
0
NU
N N
UN
AP
PLI
NG
EV
AN
S71
977.
675
6.4
4451
5324
7410
.59.
531
2643
45A
TK
INS
ON
519.
262
11.0
2325
2836
FA
NN
IN60
6.9
525.
560
520
0B
AC
ON
638.
061
8.5
3231
3130
FA
YE
TT
E10
94.
620
96.
191
178
1627
BA
KE
R26
9.3
197.
8II
515
14F
LOY
D50
19.
154
89.
133
335
816
818
6B
ALD
WIN
246
9.0
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9.9
8087
166
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RS
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H15
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407.
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89.
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98.
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536.
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828.
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696.
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534
779
0
992
4822
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
2G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
nB
EST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
E
- N
umbe
r to
o sm
all t
o ca
lcul
ate
a re
liabl
e ra
te.
CO
UN
TY
1981
-85
NU
MB
ER
%
TO
TA
L
1986
-90
NU
MB
ER
A
WH
ITE
!I 9
8 I -
85
tjulj.
1986
-90
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M
AF
RIC
AN
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ER
ICA
N
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I -85
N U
M
1986
-90
LiO
jj.N
EW
TO
N23
47.
729
77.
813
416
210
013
4O
CO
NE
E63
6.1
796.
347
6216
17
OG
LET
HO
RP
E62
9.7
395.
230
1532
24P
AU
LDIN
G18
58.
020
96.
016
819
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14
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AC
H13
98.
917
010
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108
122
PIC
KE
NS
627.
269
6.5
6266
03
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RC
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7.0
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608.
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203
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908.
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537.
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TH
90 149
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TO
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419
989
2345
0
50
LU
W D
IK 'M
EM
I I
MA
M b
WH
AT
TH
E N
UM
BE
RS
TE
LL U
S
GE
OR
GIA
TR
EN
D O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
= I%
INC
RE
AS
EIn
the
first
hal
f of t
he d
ecad
e, 8
.3%
of G
eorg
ia in
fant
s w
ere
born
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
1/2
pou
nds.
Fl
In th
e se
cond
hal
f of t
he d
ecad
e th
is r
ate
incr
ease
d 1%
to 8
.4%
.
CO
UN
TY
RA
TE
S O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
TR
EN
D#
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S%
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S
Dec
line
6742
%
Incr
ease
9158
%
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
K: 1
986-
1990
No
coun
ties
mee
t or
exce
ed th
e na
tiona
l hea
lth g
oal o
f no
mor
e th
an 5
% lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t inf
ants
.
In 2
8 co
untie
s (o
r 18
%)
the
low
birt
hwei
ght r
ate
mee
ts o
r is
less
than
the
US
aver
age
of 7
%.
In 7
2 co
untie
s (o
r 46
%)
the
low
birt
hwei
ght r
ate
is le
ss th
an
the
stat
eav
erag
e of
8.4
%.
In 3
3 of
Geo
rgia
's c
ount
ies
(or
21%
), a
t lea
stI
out o
f eve
ry I
0
infa
nts
is b
orn
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
1/2
pou
nds.
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
223
INF
AN
T D
EA
TH
S
eorg
ia h
as m
ade
prog
ress
in r
educ
ing
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
who
die
bef
ore
thei
r
first
birt
hday
. Dur
ing
the
1980
's, t
he in
fant
dea
th r
ate
decr
ease
d 8%
, rea
chin
g 12
.5
deat
hs p
er 1
,000
live
birt
hs b
etw
een
1986
and
199
0.
Des
pite
thes
e im
prov
emen
ts, G
eorg
ia h
as a
long
way
to g
o to
cat
ch u
p w
ith
the
rest
of t
he c
ount
ry a
nd to
mee
t nat
iona
l goa
ls. N
atio
nal c
ompa
rison
s fo
r 19
92
plac
e G
eorg
ia 4
9th
out o
f the
50
stat
es in
infa
nt m
orta
lity.
Ove
r 6,
600
infa
nts
died
in
Geo
rgia
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
990.
Cur
rent
ly th
e st
ate'
s in
fant
mor
talit
y ra
te is
28%
high
er th
an th
e na
tiona
l rat
e (9
.8)
and
alm
ost t
wic
e as
hig
h as
the
Nat
iona
l Pub
lic
Hea
lth G
oal f
or th
e Y
ear
2000
of n
o m
ore
than
7 d
eath
spe
r 1,
000
live
birt
hs.
Geo
rgia
's im
prov
emen
t dur
ing
the
1980
's m
asks
the
fact
that
23%
of t
he
stat
e's
coun
ties
have
an
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
at o
r be
low
the
natio
nal r
ate.
In s
ever
al
coun
ties,
the
infa
nt d
eath
rat
e m
ore
than
dou
bled
dur
ing
the
1980
's. W
hile
dea
ths
amon
g A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
infa
nts
decr
ease
d th
e m
ost,
the
rate
of d
eath
in th
e fir
st y
ear
for
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an in
fant
s w
as tw
ice
that
for
whi
te in
fant
s (1
8.5
as c
ompa
red
to 9
.3
deat
hs p
er 1
,000
live
birt
hs).
In G
eorg
ia, r
ough
ly tw
o-th
irds
of a
ll in
fant
dea
ths
occu
r du
ring
the
neon
atal
perio
d, o
r w
ithin
27
days
of b
irth.
Thi
s ha
s st
ayed
con
stan
t thr
ough
out t
he 1
980'
s.
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
is o
ften
due
to p
rem
atur
ity, l
ow b
irthw
eigh
t, bi
rth
defe
cts,
resp
irato
ry p
robl
ems,
mat
erna
l hea
lth c
ompl
icat
ions
, Sud
den
Infa
nt D
eath
Syn
drom
e
(SID
S),
inju
ries
or in
fect
ions
. Soc
ioec
onom
ic r
isk
fact
ors
such
as
pove
rty,
lack
of
titK
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
52
NO
W D
OE
S G
EO
RG
IA C
OM
PA
RE
?
INF
AN
T M
OR
TA
LIT
Y R
AT
ES
:
AN
INT
ER
NA
TIO
NA
L R
AN
KIN
G*
RA
NK
CO
UN
TR
YIN
FA
NT
MO
RT
ALI
TY
RA
TE
IJa
pan
4.6
2S
wed
en5.
8
3F
inla
nd6.
0
4S
inga
pore
6.7
5N
ethe
rland
s6.
8
6C
anad
a7.
2
7S
witz
erla
nd7.
3
8F
ranc
e7.
4
9H
ong
Kon
g7.
4
10F
eder
al R
epub
lic G
erm
any
7.4
II
Irel
and
7.6
12G
erm
an D
emoc
ratic
Rep
.7.
613
Nor
way
7.7
14A
ustr
alia
8.0
15S
pain
8.1
16A
ustr
ia8.
3
17U
nite
d K
ingd
om8.
4
18D
enm
ark
8.5
19B
elgi
um8.
6
20Ita
ly8.
8
2IG
reec
e9.
8
22U
nite
d S
tate
s9.
8
23Is
rael
9.9
24N
ew Z
eala
nd10
.2
GE
OR
GIA
12.5
'Num
ber
of in
fant
dea
ths
per.
1,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
. Geo
rgia
rat
e is
for
1986
-89.
Oth
er r
ates
are
for
1989
, exc
ept C
anad
a an
d S
pain
, whi
ch a
re fo
r 19
88.
53
25 20 15 10 5 0
RA
TE
OF
INF
AN
T D
EA
TH
S P
ER
1,0
00
LIV
E B
IRT
HS
, BY
RA
CE
, GE
OR
GIA
,
1981
-85
AN
D 1
986-
90
20.5
1981
1985
1986
1990
MI W
HIT
E IN
FA
NT
SA
FR
ICA
N-A
ME
RIC
AN
INF
AN
TS
6,60
5 in
fant
s di
ed b
etw
een
1986
and
199
0a
rate
of
12.5
dea
ths
per
1,00
0 bi
rths
.
2/3
of a
ll in
fant
dea
ths
occu
rw
ithin
one
mon
th o
f birt
h.
Geo
rgia
ran
ks 4
9th
in in
fant
mor
talit
y in
199
2 na
tiona
lco
mpa
rison
s.
54
INF
AN
T K
AT
Sal
1111
1160
131F
ION
OL
DIM
V41
1M.
educ
atio
n an
d la
ck o
f acc
ess
to a
dequ
ate
heal
th a
nd p
rena
tal c
are
also
con
trib
ute
to
infa
nt d
eath
s. O
f all
thes
e fa
ctor
s, b
irthw
eigh
t is
cons
ider
ed th
e m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t
pred
icto
r of
infa
nt s
urvi
val.
Whi
le m
edic
al te
chno
logy
has
con
trib
uted
sub
stan
tially
to s
avin
g th
e liv
es o
f
very
frag
ile in
fant
s, e
nviro
nmen
tal c
ircum
stan
ces
ofte
n do
muc
h to
com
prom
ise
a
child
's c
hanc
es o
f sur
vivi
ng.
Giv
en th
e pr
imar
y ca
uses
of m
orta
lity,
the
acce
ssib
ility
of c
ompr
ehen
sive
heal
th c
are
and
educ
atio
n is
cru
cial
for
the
surv
ival
of a
t-ris
k in
fant
s. Y
et b
y lim
iting
elig
ibili
ty fo
r M
edic
aid
to p
regn
ant w
omen
and
infa
nts
belo
w 1
50%
of t
he p
over
ty
leve
l (ef
fect
ive
Janu
ary,
199
3), G
eorg
ia le
aves
man
y m
othe
rs in
the
stat
e w
ithou
t
acce
ss to
ear
ly c
are
serv
ices
.
Pre
gnan
t wom
en w
ho g
o w
ithou
t pre
nata
l atte
ntio
n of
ten
requ
ire h
igh-
risk
neon
atal
ser
vice
s fo
r th
eir
new
born
s. In
199
1, 1
,400
infa
nts,
or
25%
of a
ll de
liver
ies
at
Gra
dy M
emor
ial H
ospi
tal i
n A
tlant
a (s
ervi
ng a
40-
coun
ty s
urro
undi
ng a
rea
as w
ell a
s
an in
ner
city
, prim
arily
indi
gent
pop
ulat
ion)
wer
e ad
mitt
ed to
the
neon
atal
inte
nsiv
e
care
nur
sery
. Tog
ethe
r, th
e ot
her
4 re
gion
al m
edic
al c
ente
rs in
the
stat
e (in
Aug
usta
,
Col
umbu
s, M
acon
and
Sav
anna
h) s
erve
app
roxi
mat
ely
2,00
0 at
-ris
k in
fant
s ea
ch y
ear.
Geo
rgia
has
mad
e so
me
inro
ads
in r
educ
ing
the
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
.
Incr
easi
ng a
cces
s to
com
preh
ensi
ve, h
igh
qual
ity c
are
wou
ld b
e on
e w
ay to
acc
eler
ate
the
prog
ress
.55
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
SC
OU
NT
1991
15
INF
AN
T D
EA
TH
SN
umbe
r an
d R
ate
of D
eath
s pe
r 1,
000
Live
Birt
hs, b
y R
ace,
Geo
rgic
, 198
1-19
85 a
nd 1
986-
1990
CO
UN
TY
TO
TA
L19
81-8
5
NU
MB
ER
RA
TE
1986
-90
NU
MB
ER
WH
ITE
1981
-85
1986
-90
MT
hIlU
t1N
UM
AF
RIC
AN
-
1981
-85
L IL
R i
AM
ER
ICA
N19
86-9
0
IN_I
ii
1981
-85
CO
UN
TY
NU
MB
ER
TO
TA
L
RA
TE
1986
-90
NU
MB
ER
RA
TE
WH
ITE
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
81-8
519
86-9
019
81-8
519
86-9
0
114g
iN
UM
NU
MN
UM
AP
PLI
NG
1511
.712
10.2
78
84
EV
AN
S1
115
.613
17.5
55
68
AT
KIN
SO
N9
16.2
814
.15
64
2F
AN
NIN
11
12.6
99.
4II
90
0
BA
CO
N4
-13
18.2
28
25
FA
YE
TT
E13
5.5
308.
710
243
4
BA
KE
R5
17.9
1-
I0
4I
FLO
YD
6812
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016
.649
5319
46B
ALD
WIN
4315
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I 8.4
1816
2533
FO
RS
YT
H23
10.0
288.
623
280
0
BA
NK
SI
711
.40
7I
0F
RA
NK
LIN
1817
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10.1
137
55
BA
RR
OW
189.
726
9.9
720
II6
FU
LTO
N83
516
.984
914
.818
016
365
368
0
BA
RT
OW
5114
.251
10.9
4243
98
GIL
ME
R9
11.3
1414
.99
140
0_
BE
N H
ILL
2315
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12.7
87
15II
GLA
SC
OC
K2
22
I0
I
BE
RR
IEN
1413
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9.4
95
55
GLY
NN
7416
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13.1
3037
4427
BIB
B18
315
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615
.665
5911
813
6G
OR
DO
N23
9.8
3713
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322
5
BLE
CK
LEY
1014
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7.1
52
53
GR
AD
Y35
23.0
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UN
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rgia
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or C
hild
ren
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UM
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RS
TE
LL U
S
GE
OR
GIA
TR
EN
D O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
= 8
% D
EC
LIN
EIn
the
first
hal
f of t
he d
ecad
e 13
.6 in
fant
spe
r 1,
000
died
bef
ore
thei
r fir
st b
irthd
ay.
.R9
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le th
e in
fant
mor
talit
y ra
te d
eclin
edto
12.5
per
1,0
00 in
the
seco
nd h
alf o
f the
198
0's,
the
actu
al n
umbe
r of
dea
ths
incr
ease
d
from
6,2
35 to
6,6
05.
CO
UN
TY
RA
TE
S O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
TR
EN
D#
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S%
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S
Dec
line
8965
%
Incr
ease
4935
%
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
K: 1
986-
1990
3 co
untie
s (
or 2
%)
mee
t or
exce
ed th
e na
tiona
l hea
lth g
oal o
f 7
or fe
wer
infa
nt d
eath
s pe
r 1,
000
live
birt
hs.
7 In
33
coun
ties
(or
23%
) th
e in
fant
mor
talit
yra
te m
eets
or
is le
ss
than
the
US
rat
e of
9.8
dea
ths
per
1,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
.
7-1
69 c
ount
ies
( or
48%
) ha
vean
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
low
er th
an
the
stat
e av
erag
e of
12.
5 pe
r 1,
000
live
birt
hs.
8 co
untie
s (o
r 6%
) ha
vea
rate
of 2
0 or
mor
e in
fant
dea
ths
per
1,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
.
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
211
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
il§ur
ing
the
1980
's th
e ra
te o
f dea
ths
amon
g ch
ildre
n ag
esI
to 1
4 de
clin
ed 2
% in
Geo
rgia
. Of t
he 9
9 co
untie
s fo
r w
hich
rel
iabl
e ra
tes
coul
d be
cal
cula
ted,
53
show
ed
impr
ovem
ent.
Alth
ough
Geo
rgia
's n
atio
nal r
anki
ng in
the
rate
of c
hild
dea
ths
impr
oved
from
44th
in 1
987
to 3
6th
in 1
989,
the
actu
al n
umbe
r of
chi
ld d
eath
s in
crea
sed
durin
g th
e
deca
de. D
espi
te th
e st
ate'
s 2%
red
uctio
n, th
e ch
ild d
eath
rat
e in
crea
sed
in 4
6
coun
ties.
In s
ever
al c
ount
ies
the
incr
ease
was
mor
e th
an 5
0%.
Chi
ldre
n in
Geo
rgia
are
mor
e lik
ely
to d
ie fr
om a
ccid
ents
(48
% o
f all
child
deat
hs)
than
they
are
from
illn
esse
s (4
6% o
f dea
ths)
or
hom
icid
e (5
%).
Mot
or v
ehic
le
acci
dent
s m
ake
up c
lose
to h
alf o
f all
acci
dent
-rel
ated
dea
ths
for
Geo
rgia
chi
ldre
n. T
he
hom
icid
e ra
te fo
r ch
ildre
n in
Geo
rgia
nea
rly d
oubl
ed d
urin
g th
e 19
80's
.
A b
reak
dow
n of
chi
ld d
eath
rat
es a
long
rac
ial l
ines
sho
ws
dist
urbi
ng tr
ends
.
Bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
990
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
in G
eorg
ia d
ied
at a
rat
e 45
%
high
er th
an th
at fo
r w
hite
chi
ldre
n. In
199
0, w
hite
chi
ldre
n w
ere
69%
mor
e lik
ely
than
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
to d
ie in
a m
otor
veh
icle
acc
iden
t. A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
child
ren
wer
e 3
times
mor
e lik
ely
than
whi
te c
hild
ren
to b
e th
e vi
ctim
s of
hom
icid
e.
Imm
uniz
atio
n le
vels
ser
ve a
s a
mea
sure
of t
he p
reve
ntiv
e he
alth
car
e re
ceiv
ed
by y
oung
chi
ldre
n. L
ack
of e
arly
and
ade
quat
e im
mun
izat
ion
is a
fact
or in
chi
ld d
eath
rate
s. T
he N
atio
nal P
ublic
Hea
lth G
oal f
or th
e Y
ear
2000
is 9
0% o
f 2-y
ear-
olds
adeq
uate
ly im
mun
ized
aga
inst
dis
ease
s su
ch a
s di
phth
eria
, tet
anus
, per
tuss
is, m
easl
es,
mum
ps, r
ubel
la, h
aem
ophi
lus
influ
enza
and
pol
io. S
even
ty p
erce
ntof
Geo
rgia
's
28K
IDS
CO
UN
T19
92G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
n
CA
US
ES
OF
DE
AT
H A
MO
NG
GE
OR
GIA
CH
ILD
RE
N
AG
ES
1-
14,1
990
Mot
or V
ehic
le 2
3%
Illne
ss/O
ther
46%
A'
4'
Fire
6%
Hom
icid
e 5%
All
Oth
er A
ccid
ents
19%
kH
omic
ides
nea
rlydo
uble
d be
twee
n 19
80 a
nd19
90, f
rom
2.8
% to
5.3
% o
fal
l chi
ld d
eath
s.
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
died
at a
rat
e 45
% h
ighe
r th
anth
e ra
te fo
r w
hite
chi
ldre
nbe
twee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
990.
61
CA
US
ES
OF
DE
AT
H A
MO
NG
GE
OR
GIA
CH
ILD
RE
N
AG
ES
I-14
, BY
RA
CE
, 199
0
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
WH
ITE
CH
ILD
RE
NA
FR
ICA
N-A
ME
RIC
AN
CH
ILD
RE
N
7 In
59
coun
ties,
imm
uniz
a-tio
n le
vels
for
2-ye
ar o
lds
usin
g pu
blic
hea
lth c
linic
s
wer
e be
twee
n 50
% a
nd 8
0%.
1 G
eorg
ia m
ust d
ecre
ase
itsch
ild d
eath
rat
e by
1/3
tore
ach
the
natio
nal h
ealth
goa
l
of fe
wer
than
28
deat
hs p
er10
0,00
0 ch
ildre
n.
62
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
child
ren
are
serv
ed in
pub
lic h
ealth
clin
ics.
Yet
a 1
991
surv
ey o
f im
mun
izat
ion
leve
ls in
thes
e cl
inic
s sh
owed
that
in10
cou
ntie
s, fe
wer
than
hal
f of a
ll 2-
year
-old
s w
ere
adeq
uate
ly im
mun
ized
. In
59 c
ount
ies,
leve
ls w
ere
betw
een
50%
and
80%
. In
50 o
f
Geo
rgia
's 1
59 c
ount
ies
imm
uniz
atio
n le
vels
for
.2-y
ear-
olds
rea
ched
90%
or
bette
r in
publ
ic h
ealth
clin
ics.
The
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e do
es n
ot ta
ke in
to a
ccou
nt th
e gr
eat n
umbe
r of
non
-fat
al
inju
ries
and
illne
sses
suf
fere
d by
chi
ldre
n. N
atio
nally
, 14
mill
ion
child
ren
unde
r th
e ag
e
of 1
5 su
ffer
serio
us in
jurie
s ea
ch y
ear.
Whe
n al
l chi
ldre
n un
der
the
age
of 1
9 ar
e
cons
ider
ed, t
here
are
ove
r 70
0 in
jurie
s fo
r ea
ch fa
talit
y.
Alth
ough
chi
ld d
eath
rat
es s
tate
wid
e de
crea
sed
slig
htly
bet
wee
n 19
80 a
nd
1990
, Geo
rgia
mus
t cut
its
curr
ent r
ate
by o
ne-t
hird
to m
eet t
he N
atio
nal P
ublic
Hea
lth G
oal f
or th
e Y
ear
2000
of f
ewer
than
28
deat
hs p
erI 0
0,00
0 ch
ildre
n ag
esI
to 1
4.
Res
earc
hers
hav
e co
nclu
ded
that
like
dis
ease
s, m
ost f
atal
inju
ries
to c
hild
ren
occu
r in
pre
dict
able
pat
tern
s an
d ar
e th
eref
ore
prev
enta
ble.
The
you
nger
the
child
, in
fact
, the
hig
her
the
prob
abili
ty th
at th
e de
ath
coul
d ha
ve b
een
prev
ente
d. S
trat
egie
s
to p
reve
nt il
lnes
s in
clud
e en
surin
g th
at c
hild
ren
are
imm
uniz
ed e
arly
eno
ugh
and
rece
ive
the
full
serie
s of
inoc
ulat
ions
. Gre
ater
acc
ess
to h
ealth
car
e ca
n al
so r
educ
e
the
inci
denc
e of
fata
l illn
esse
s. In
jury
pre
vent
ion
can
be a
ccom
plis
hed
thro
ugh
polic
ies
and
prog
ram
s th
at a
ddre
ss s
afet
y at
hom
e an
d in
the
com
mun
ity.
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
1991
29
6.3
MIL
D D
EA
TH
S.
......
_.
...
TO
TA
LW
HIT
EA
FR
ICA
N-A
ME
RIC
AN
TO
TA
LW
HIT
EA
FR
ICA
N-A
ME
RIC
AN
1981
-85
1986
-90
1981
-85
1986
-90
1981
-85
1986
-90
1981
-85
1986
-90
I19
81-8
519
86-9
019
81-8
519
86-9
0C
OU
NT
YN
UM
RA
TE
NU
M R
AT
EN
UM
LI
NU
MN
u h
im
_ui
CO
UN
TY
NU
N R
AT
EN
UM
RA
TE
IN
UM
NU
NN
UM
NU
MA
PP
LIN
G10
50.7
98
44.0
25
55
3E
VA
NS
3-
I-
I0
2I
AT
KIN
SO
N9
116.
64
50
44
FA
NN
IN6
40.5
534
.46
50
0B
AC
ON
758
.912
106.
14
33
9F
AY
ET
TE
1429
.119
29.1
1417
02
BA
KE
R3
-4
-I
22
2F
LOY
D37
45.5
2836
.428
189
10
BA
LDW
IN18
51.4
1234
.38
1010
2F
OR
SY
TH
1540
.421
49.5
1521
00
BA
NK
S4
-2
-4
20
0F
RA
NK
LIN
637
.54
-2
24
2B
AR
RO
W4
-13
41.4
27
26
FU
LTO
N24
540
.426
743
.357
6318
419
8
BA
RT
OW
1833
.826
44.4
IS26
30
GIL
ME
RI
-4
-I
40
0B
EN
HIL
L5
26.6
1157
.23
72
3G
LAS
CO
CK
0-
I0
I0
0B
ER
RIE
N9
58.0
959
.48
7I
2G
LYN
N24
39.0
2234
.814
1610
6B
IBB
5835
.552
33.0
2021
3831
GO
RD
ON
2465
.713
35.6
2112
3I
BLE
CK
LEY
4-
983
.62
32
6G
RA
DY
833
.512
53.0
58
34
BR
AN
TLE
Y8
65.7
539
.05
43
IG
RE
EN
E6
42.4
2-
3I
3I
BR
OO
KS
526
.19
48.8
30
29
GW
INN
ET
T77
28.9
8724
.374
763
9B
RY
AN
1276
.612
64.2
67
65
HA
BE
RS
HA
M7
27.5
4-
73
00
BU
LLO
CH
2053
.018
46.6
1 3
I1
76
HA
LL32
36.4
4143
.828
354
5B
UR
KE
1246
.18
30.2
23
105
HA
NC
OC
K3
-5
44.2
I0
25
BU
TT
S7
46.5
745
.45
62
IH
AR
ALS
ON
1465
.17
31.0
86
6I
CA
LHO
UN
3-
0-
00
30
HA
RR
IS12
71.8
4-
II2
12
CA
MD
EN
939
.416
48.6
4II
55
HA
RT
524
.19
46.8
49
I0
CA
ND
LER
559
.32
-3
22
0H
EA
RD
I-
3-
I2
0I
CA
RR
OLL
2334
.225
34.6
1221
II4
HE
NR
Y14
28.4
2440
.013
22I
2
CA
TO
OS
A13
29.9
818
.713
80
0H
OU
ST
ON
4244
.435
35.8
2619
1616
CH
AR
LTO
N9
89.5
I-
5I
40
IRW
INI
-4
-0
2I
2
CH
AT
HA
M10
144
.692
40.5
3832
6259
JAC
KS
ON
1344
.117
55.2
816
5I
CH
AT
TA
HO
OC
HE
EI
-3
-0
II
2JA
SP
ER
2-
775
.7I
0I
7
CH
AT
TO
OG
A12
50.7
626
.78
44
2JE
FF
DA
VIS
643
.06
44.8
64
02
CH
ER
OK
EE
3140
.730
31.8
3029
II
JEF
FE
RS
ON
1044
.213
62.0
I3
910
CLA
RK
E28
44.2
2942
.913
1515
'13
JEN
KIN
S6
58.3
661
.34
I2
5
CLA
Y0
-2
-0
00
2JO
HN
SO
N4
-I
-I
03
I
CLA
YT
ON
5729
.851
25.9
4930
719
JON
ES
I1
53.1
II49
.410
8I
3
CLI
NC
H5
60.2
4-
43
II
LAM
AR
643
.66
44.6
44
22
CO
BB
109
29.9
115
27.1
9695
1218
LAN
IER
570
.53
-4
3I
0C
OF
FE
E20
59.3
2058
.312
148
6LA
UR
EN
S15
34.4
1738
.68
77
10
CO
LQU
ITT
1331
.021
51.1
710
6II
LEE
1059
.29
46.4
43
66
CO
LUM
BIA
1728
.218
24.1
1514
24
LIB
ER
TY
1938
.418
29.6
1012
86
CO
OK
848
.54
-3
24
2LI
NC
OLN
3-
2-
I0
22
CO
WE
TA
2651
.135
60.7
1619
1016
LON
G4
-8
115.
24
40
4
CR
AW
FO
RD
552
.15
50.7
3I
24
LOW
ND
ES
3138
.041
49.2
1724
1416
CR
ISP
1458
.6II
46,9
910
5I
LUM
PK
IN3
-II
82.2
3II
00
DA
DE
2-
4-
24
00
MA
CO
N8
46.8
742
.4I
17
6D
AW
SO
N6
87.1
553
.66
50
0M
AD
ISO
N1
I51
.510
46.1
1010
I0
DE
CA
TU
RII
34.7
1239
.95
26
10M
AR
ION
0-
3-
00
03
DE
KA
LB17
334
.417
033
.668
5910
210
6M
CD
UF
FIE
940
.2I
I47
.94
65
5
DO
DG
E7
35.8
4-
24
50
MC
INT
OS
H8
80.6
773
.84
34
4
DO
OLY
752
.76
49.0
22
54
ME
RIW
ET
HE
R16
62.2
935
.510
46
5D
OU
GH
ER
TY
4737
.748
41.1
219
2639
MIL
LER
4-
3-
20
23
DO
UG
LAS
2128
.122
28.2
1921
21
MIT
CH
ELL
2072
.910
38.9
72
138
EA
RLY
3-
1389
.2I
42
9M
ON
RO
E2
-3
-2
I0
2
EC
HO
LSI
-I
I-
II
0, M
ON
TG
OM
ER
Y4
I2
1
EF
FIN
GH
AM
622
.913
43.2
'3
103
3M
OR
GA
N8
56.0
857
.05
4'
34
ELB
ER
T10
,I. 4
8.2
734
.25
55
.MU
RR
AY
830
.3'
10 :
35.2
7'.
'10
00
EM
AN
UE
L17
'66
.99
35.9
97
82
MU
SC
OG
EE
8646
.163
33.3
4528
4134
30K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
991
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
64B
EST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
E
Num
ber
to s
mal
l to
calc
ulat
e a
relia
ble
rate
.
65
WIL
D M
AIM
CO
UN
TY
NE
WT
ON
OC
ON
EE
OG
LET
HO
RP
EP
AU
LDIN
GP
EA
CH
PIC
KE
NS
PIE
RC
E
PIK
E
PO
LK
PU
LAS
KI
PU
TN
AM
QU
ITM
AN
RA
BU
N
RA
ND
OLP
HR
ICH
MO
ND
RO
CK
DA
LES
CH
LEY
SC
RE
VE
N
SE
MIN
OLE
SP
ALD
ING
ST
EP
HE
NS
ST
EW
AR
TS
UM
TE
R
TA
LBO
TT
ALI
AF
ER
RO
TA
TT
NA
LLT
AY
LOR
TE
LFA
IR
TE
RR
ELL
TH
OM
AS
TIF
T
TO
OM
BS
TO
WN
ST
RE
UT
LEN
TR
OU
PT
UR
NE
RT
WIG
GS
UN
ION
UP
SO
N
WA
LKE
R
WA
LTO
NW
AR
E
WA
RR
EN
WA
SH
ING
TO
NW
AY
NE
WE
BS
TE
R
WH
EE
LER
WH
ITE
WH
ITF
IELD
WIL
CO
XW
ILK
ES
WIL
KIN
SO
NW
OR
TH
GA
TO
TA
L
TO
TA
L19
8 I -
8519
86-9
0
NU
MB
ER
BR
IE N
UM
BE
R B
AH
1330
.0I8
2 547
.5
I847
.9
1670
.3
646
.3
960
.8
3-
1644
.9
661
.3
4 3
11 7 5 9 4
15 2 9
44
32
8242
.010
250
.813
25.6
2238
.2I
2
1061
.58
49.4
37
73.7
2237
.823
38.9
939
.48
36.6
30
1337
.316
46.5
I-
571
.8
02
949
.46
34.8
556
.55
59.8
29
72.0
1070
.24
--26
58.4
1738
.51
I27
.916
40.7
932
.3I
139
.6 --3
4
2848
.224
40.0
36
54.1
650
.38
66.6
660
.15
48.4
312
45.5
2946
.819
31.8
1947
.626
62.5
1945
.421
55.0
23
940
.412
54.0
1768
.110
39.7
02 1
765
.52
3 I
40.3
3344
.3
4
651
.98
71.1
49
74.4
I1
48.3
834
.7
2505
39.2
2562
38.439
.8
52.6
''68
.9
24.6
30.9
36.7
62.3
43.0
65.4
Mr:
7'a
WH
ITE
AF
RIC
AN
-
1981
-85
1986
-90
I981
-85
MU
MN
UM
NU
M8
135
1 iT
' '7
05
40
18II
0
93
7
65
07
62
23
I
1I
135
4I
2
36
I
I0
2
44
00
I3
4147
41
818
5
II
0
55
4
I2
2
1710
5
58
4
I0
2
I4
12
00
I
00
06
33
04
5
I2
I
23
8
88
18
59
6
89
I
II
0I
22
1714
I1
22
1
55
I
65
02
II
I
2819
I
1423
s
127
7
I1
1
53
4
98
7
0.
00
61o
o
20
2930
2
I2
0I
35
11
3
64
5
1458
1446
1031
AM
ER
ICA
N
1986
-90
-,
N S
/f1S 4 0 3 2 3 0 54 4 3 5 13 0 0 12 5 2 3 I 7 9 7 2 0 2
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
K: 1
986-
1990
10 4 3 0
WilA
T T
OE
NU
MB
ER
S T
EE
LO
s
GE
OR
GIA
TR
EN
D O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
= 2
% D
EC
LIN
E
In th
e fir
st h
alf o
f the
dec
ade,
Geo
rgia
had
a c
hild
dea
th r
ate
of
39.2
per
100
,000
chi
ldre
nag
es I
to 1
4.
" A
lthou
gh th
e ra
te d
eclin
ed 2
%to
38.
4 in
the
seco
nd h
alf o
f the
deca
de, o
ver
2,50
0 of
Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren
died
, mor
e th
an th
e to
tal
for
the
prev
ious
5ye
ars.
CO
UN
TY
RA
TE
S O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
TR
EN
D#
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S%
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S
Dec
line
5354
%
Incr
ease
4646
%
0 3E
n 15
cou
ntie
s ha
ve a
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e lo
wer
than
the
natio
nal
14
2av
erag
e of
32.
4 pe
r 10
0,00
0 ch
ildre
n.9
" In
7 c
ount
ies
the
child
dea
thra
te m
eets
or
is le
ss th
an th
e
natio
nal h
ealth
goa
l of 2
8 or
few
er c
hild
dea
ths
per
100,
000.
1 0 2 2 5 8 4
1089
fl34
cou
ntie
s ha
ve a
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e lo
wer
than
the
stat
eav
erag
eof
38.
4 de
aths
per
100,
000.
676
6B
EST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
EG
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
nK
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
31
TE
EN
VIO
LE
NT
DE
AT
HS
he r
ate
at w
hich
teen
ager
s ag
es 1
5 to
19
died
as
a re
sult
of h
omic
ide,
sui
cide
or
acci
dent
incr
ease
d II%
in G
eorg
ia d
urin
g th
e 19
80's
. In
natio
nal c
ompa
rison
s fo
r
1992
, Geo
rgia
ran
ks 3
9th
on th
is in
dica
tor.
Of t
he 8
4 co
untie
s fo
r w
hich
tren
ds c
an b
e ca
lcul
ated
, 40%
red
uced
thei
r
teen
vio
lent
dea
th r
ate
durin
g th
e la
te 1
980'
s. N
o im
prov
emen
t was
evi
dent
in 5
9%
of th
e co
untie
s, a
nd s
ever
al c
ount
ies
incr
ease
d th
eir
rate
of t
een
viol
ent d
eath
by
over
75%
. Of t
he 7
cou
ntie
s w
ith th
e gr
eate
st n
umbe
r of
chi
ldre
n in
the
stat
e (F
ulto
n,
Dek
alb,
Cob
b, G
win
nett,
Cha
tham
, Ric
hmon
d an
d C
layt
on),
onl
y C
obb
and
Cla
yton
coun
ties
decr
ease
d th
eir
teen
vio
lent
dea
th r
ates
.
As
with
mos
t ind
icat
ors
of c
hild
wel
l-bei
ng, t
here
are
mar
ked
diffe
renc
es
betw
een
the
race
s in
teen
vio
lent
dea
ths.
Dur
ing
the
1980
's, t
he.v
iole
nt d
eath
rat
e fo
r
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an te
ens
incr
ease
d 32
%. I
t inc
reas
ed 6
% fo
r w
hite
teen
s du
ring
the
sam
e tim
e pe
riod.
Whe
n te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
s in
Geo
rgia
are
exa
min
ed b
y ca
use,
ther
e ar
e of
ten
sign
ifica
nt d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n w
hite
and
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an y
outh
. In
1990
, acc
iden
ts
acco
unte
d fo
r tw
o-th
irds
of v
iole
nt te
en d
eath
s, a
nd 8
5% o
f acc
iden
tal d
eath
s w
ere
rela
ted
to m
otor
veh
icle
s. W
hite
teen
s w
ere
mor
e th
an tw
ice
as li
kely
to d
ie in
a
mot
or v
ehic
le a
ccid
ent t
han
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an te
ens.
And
alth
ough
the
num
ber
of
whi
te te
ens
dyin
g in
this
man
ner
decr
ease
d ov
er th
e de
cade
, mot
or v
ehic
le a
ccid
ents
rem
aine
d th
e le
adin
g ca
use
of v
iole
nt d
eath
am
ong
whi
te te
ens.
32K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
nr C
hild
ren
68
CA
US
ES
OF
VIO
LEN
T D
EA
TH
AM
ON
G G
EO
RG
IA
TE
EN
S A
GE
S 1
5-19
,199
0
Mot
or V
ehic
le 5
3%
Hom
icid
e 19
%
Sui
cide
14%
Oth
er A
ccid
ents
13%
The
rat
e of
teen
dea
thfr
om h
omic
ide,
sui
cide
or
acci
dent
incr
ease
d I I
% in
Geo
rgia
dur
ing
the
1980
's.
Ls D
urin
g th
e 19
80's
, the
viol
ent d
eath
rat
e in
crea
sed
32%
for
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
ante
ens
and
incr
ease
d 6%
for
whi
te te
ens.
f9
CA
US
ES
OF
VIO
LEN
T D
EA
TH
AM
ON
G G
EO
RG
IA
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
i0% 0%
TE
EN
S A
GE
S 1
5-19
, BY
RA
CE
, 199
0
Hom
icid
e
26%
Aut
oA
ccid
ents
Oth
erA
ccid
ents
Sui
cide
pi W
HIT
E T
EE
NS
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N T
EE
NS
In 1
990,
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
ante
ens
wer
e 6
times
mor
elik
ely
to d
ie o
f hom
icid
e th
anw
hite
teen
s.
Mot
or v
ehic
le a
ccid
ents
mad
e up
85%
of a
ccid
ent-
rela
ted
deat
hs fo
r te
ens
and
whi
te te
ens
wer
e m
ore
than
twic
e as
like
ly to
die
in th
ism
anne
r, th
an A
fric
an-
Am
eric
an te
ens.
70
TE
EN
VIO
4NT
DE
AT
HS
In c
ontr
ast,
hom
icid
e w
as th
e le
adin
g ca
use
of v
iole
nt d
eath
am
ong
Afr
ican
-
Am
eric
an te
ens
in G
eorg
ia. T
he h
omic
ide
rate
for
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an te
ens
incr
ease
d
136%
dur
ing
the
1980
's. B
y 19
90 A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
teen
s w
ere
7 tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
die
of h
omic
ide
than
whi
te te
ens.
In 1
990,
sui
cide
s ac
coun
ted
for
I 6%
of v
iole
nt d
eath
s am
ong
whi
te te
ens
and
10%
of v
iole
nt d
eath
s am
ong
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an te
ens
in G
eorg
ia. A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
and
whi
te m
ales
took
thei
r ow
n liv
es 4
to 5
tim
es m
ore
than
fem
ales
of e
ither
rac
e.
Nat
iona
l dat
a sh
ow th
at m
ale
teen
s ar
e m
uch
mor
e lik
ely
to d
ie v
iole
ntly
than
fem
ale
teen
s, a
nd lo
w in
com
e te
ens
of b
oth
race
s ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
die
by
hom
icid
e
or a
ccid
ent t
han
teen
s fr
om h
ighe
r in
com
e fa
mili
es.
It is
est
imat
ed th
at a
lcoh
ol a
nd d
rug
use
play
a r
ole
in 3
0-60
% o
f tee
n su
icid
es
and
mot
or v
ehic
le d
eath
s ac
ross
the
coun
try.
Rec
ent s
urve
ys r
evea
l tha
t bet
wee
n
5,00
0 an
d 8,
000
Geo
rgia
you
th u
se a
lcoh
ol o
r dr
ugs
ever
y da
y.
Res
earc
h sh
ows
that
whe
n te
ens
die
viol
ently
, the
re w
ere
ofte
n si
gnifi
cant
gaps
in th
e su
ppor
ts a
nd o
ppor
tuni
ties
that
had
bee
n av
aila
ble
to th
em. E
ffort
s to
invo
lve
teen
s in
pro
duct
ive
com
mun
ity a
ctiv
ities
, men
tal h
ealth
ser
vice
s, s
ubst
ance
abus
e pr
ogra
ms,
org
aniz
ed a
fter
scho
ol a
ctiv
ities
, sup
port
gro
ups
and
men
tor
prog
ram
s ar
e of
ten
lack
ing.
Com
mun
ities
and
ser
vice
sys
tem
s th
at fi
llin
thes
e ga
ps
can
help
rev
erse
the
curr
ent t
rend
in G
eorg
ia, a
nd d
ecre
ase
the
num
ber
of te
ens
who
die
vio
lent
ly e
ach
year
.
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
SC
OU
NT
I992
3371
TE
EN
VIO
LEN
T D
EA
TH
SN
umbe
r an
d R
ate
per
100,
000
of V
iole
nt D
eath
s A
mon
g T
eens
Age
s 15
toI 9
, Geo
rgia
,1
981
- 19
85 a
nd 1
986-
1990
CO
UN
TY
NU
MB
ER
1981
-85
RA
TE
NU
MB
ER
1986
-90
RA
TE
AP
PLI
NG
38
111.
5
AT
KIN
SO
N5
160.
92
BA
CO
N0
4
BA
KE
R6
321.
1I
-B
ALD
WIN
1578
.114
82.7
BA
NK
SI
--5
119.
8
BA
RR
OW
I1
112.
415
144.
0
BA
RT
OW
1684
.322
107.
7B
EN
HIL
L6
89.2
1015
0.0
BE
RR
IEN
711
0.2
711
6.3
BIB
B47
70.0
3557
.4
BLE
CK
LEY
4-
592
.8B
RA
NT
LEY
613
9.2
510
6.7
BR
OO
KS
3-
577
.3
BR
YA
N7
131.
65
83.9
BU
LLO
CH
1350
.610
35.3
BU
RK
E5
53.3
778
.8
BU
TT
S6
90.1
2
CA
LHO
UN
2-
I-
CA
MD
EN
785
.49
87.7
CA
ND
LER
37
211.
4
CA
RR
OLL
2477
.416
49.9
CA
TO
OS
A8
47.7
1271
.2C
HA
RLT
ON
2I
CH
AT
HA
M57
63.1
5669
.2
CH
AT
TA
HO
OC
HE
E5
26.5
2
CH
AT
TO
OG
A5
55.2
910
2.1
CH
ER
OK
EE
3212
9.6
2069
.2
CLA
RK
E6
12.7
2041
.5
CLA
Y0
-0
-C
LAY
TO
N53
73.7
4056
.6
CLI
NC
H2
3-
CO
BB
108
80.4
106
74.1
CO
FF
EE
644
.58
61.9
CO
LQU
ITT
1911
7.0
1066
.2
CO
LUM
BIA
2310
8.8
1666
.4
CO
OK
71
I 3.4
586
.6
CO
WE
TA
1580
.017
86.6
CR
AW
FO
RD
25
133.
4
CR
ISP
II12
0.1
782
.2
DA
DE
35
82.3
DA
WS
ON
28
238.
2
DE
CA
TU
R4
761
.7
DE
KA
LB12
356
.513
266
.9
DO
DG
E9
116.
115
204.
4D
OO
LY2
4
DO
UG
HE
RT
Y30
58.8
2145
.0
DO
UG
LAS
1454
.124
88.2
EA
RLY
610
0.2
597
.1
EC
HO
LS2
I-
EF
FIN
GH
AM
885
.512
119.
6
ELB
ER
Tr,
' !C
I :12
5.1
,6
:85
.5
EM
AN
UE
L10
,10
7.5
4-
34K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
CO
UN
TY
NU
MB
ER
1981
-85
RA
TE
1986
-90
NU
MB
ER
Ma
EV
AN
S5
118.
53
FA
NN
IN4
_4
FA
YE
TT
E9
54.4
1567
.3
FLO
YD
2261
.921
63.6
FO
RS
YT
H17
1 26
.622
146.
5
FR
AN
KLI
N3
-10
150.
6
FU
LTO
N16
263
.919
983
.5
GIL
ME
R4
612
2.2
GLA
SC
OC
KI
2-
GLY
NN
1455
.715
64.0
GO
RD
ON
1286
.3I6
112.
6
GR
AD
Y9
97.5
893
.1
GR
EE
NE
23
GW
IN N
ET
T53
64.5
9488
.3
HA
BE
RS
HA
M10
72.2
539
.1
HA
LL32
90.7
3598
.1
HA
NC
OC
K5
102.
7' 2
HA
RA
LSO
N10
119.
210
121.
0
HA
RR
IS3
-9
131.
6
HA
RT
810
0.8
1013
5.1
HE
AR
D3
-I
HE
NR
Y13
73.1
2814
2.2
HO
US
TO
N24
61.6
2777
.8
IRW
INI
-7
195.
4
JAC
KS
ON
1714
7.4
II10
0.3
JAS
PE
R3
3
JEF
F D
AV
IS4
1019
2.2
JEF
FE
RS
ON
36
76.2
JEN
KIN
S3
617
3.5
JOH
NS
ON
615
6.8
514
5.2
JON
ES
1619
6.5
3-
LAM
AR
581
.07
119.
1
LAN
IER
4-
3
LAU
RE
NS
1589
.810
65.0
LEE
4--
4-
LIB
ER
TY
1457
.910
44.7
LIN
CO
LN3
-5
171.
5
LON
G2
2-
LOW
ND
ES
1542
.622
64.7
LUM
PK
IN3
3-
MA
CO
N8
119.
65
84.5
MA
DIS
ON
311
139.
0
MA
RIO
N2
1--
MC
DU
FF
IE10
112.
215
184.
9
MC
INT
OS
H4
I-
ME
R1W
ET
H E
R9
90.0
772
.8
MIL
LER
516
3.2
1-
MIT
CH
ELL
876
.08
82.5
MO
NR
OE
2-
570
.1
MO
NT
GO
ME
RY
2-
4-
MO
RG
AN
814
5.9
3_
,-f;
,MU
WY
2''-
;,4,-
,!'7-
r.
1 5
143.
6
MU
SC
OG
EE
5361
.9;
4153
.4
Num
ber
too
smal
l to
calc
ulat
e a
relia
ble
rate
.
7273
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
(---
.T
UN
VIO
LEN
T D
EA
TH
S19
81-8
5C
OU
NT
YN
UM
BB
AIL
NE
WT
ON
OC
ON
EE
OG
LET
HO
RP
EP
AU
LDIN
GP
EA
CH
.
PIC
KE
NS
PIE
RC
E
PIK
E
PO
LK
PU
LAS
KI
PU
TN
AM
QU
ITM
AN
RA
BU
N
RA
ND
OLP
HR
ICH
MO
ND
RO
CK
DA
LES
CH
LEY
SC
RE
VE
N
SE
MIN
OLE
SP
ALD
ING
ST
EP
HE
NS
ST
EW
AR
T
SU
MT
ER
TA
LBO
TT
ALI
AF
ER
RO
TA
TT
NA
LLT
AY
LOR
TE
LFA
IR
TE
RR
ELL
TH
OM
AS
TIF
T
TO
OM
BS
TO
WN
ST
RE
UT
LEN
TR
OU
PT
UR
NE
R
TW
IGG
S
UN
ION
UP
SO
N
WA
LKE
RW
ALT
ON
WA
RE
WA
RR
EN
WA
SH
ING
TO
NW
AY
NE
WE
BS
TE
R
WH
EE
LER
WH
ITE
WH
ITF
IELD
WIL
CO
XW
ILK
ES
WIL
KIN
SO
NW
OR
TH
GA
TO
TA
L
1986
-90
NUMBER
BA
IL
3I
-4
II25
8.5
776
.57
80.9
1852
71.1
1991
79.0
1477
.821
1 19
.9
3,
_11
268.
55
133.
0I
I87
.012
82.7
764
.11
I10
3.7
815
3.5
611
5.9
915
6.3
813
5.7
716
5.2
3
II
75.5
161
17.4
512
8.0
514
9.3
611
8.2
612
0.0
I-
I-
s1
18.8
511
8.3
4-
1-
4142
.452
61.9
1581
.521
103.
1
oI
26
110.
7
921
8.6
2
2091
.817
78.5
1212
5.6
886
.2I
2-
854
.113
96.1
2I
-3
_1
-8
108.
36
94.6
714
4.8
920
9.4
20
916
2.6
19
3_ I 1
8.7
110.
2
1161
.015
91.3
48
81.9
32
3_
2_
1989
.331
143.
03
-4
33
37
172.
212
107.
85
50.1
1249
.9II
49.1
1387
.214
94.9
955
.312
80.5
oI
-9
96.4
3
551
.95
55.1
12
0I
-4
-5
94.6
1963
.420
68.5
20
WH
AT
TIE
NU
MB
ER
S T
ELL
US
GE
OR
GIA
TR
EN
D O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
= I
I% IN
CR
EA
SE
F'
In th
e fir
st h
alf o
f71
.110
0,00
0in
Geo
rgia
the
deca
de,
per
teen
s
died
vio
lent
ly, f
rom
eith
er h
omic
ide,
sui
cide
or
acci
dent
.
' In
the
seco
nd h
alf o
f the
dec
ade,
the
rate
incr
ease
dto
79
per
100,
000
teen
s, b
ringi
ng th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of
vio
lent
teen
dea
ths
to1,
991
durin
g th
ose
year
s.
CO
UN
TY
RA
TE
S O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
TR
EN
D#
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S%
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S
Dec
line
3440
%
Incr
ease
5059
%
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
K: 1
986-
1990
7 26
cou
ntie
s ha
ve te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
rat
es lo
wer
than
the
natio
nal
rate
of 6
9.3
per
100,
000
teen
s.
7 35
cou
ntie
s ha
ve a
teen
vio
lent
dea
th r
ate
less
than
the
stat
e
aver
age
of 7
9 pe
r 10
0,00
0 te
ens.
'-1 2
0 co
untie
s ha
ve a
teen
vio
lent
dea
th r
ate
over
138
.6a
rate
twic
e as
hig
h as
the
U.S
.ac
coun
ting
for
over
10%
of G
eorg
ia's
teen
viol
ent d
eath
s.
74B
EST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
EG
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
nK
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
35
AB
US
ED
AN
D N
EG
LEC
TE
D C
HIL
DR
EN
Uhe
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
suffe
ring
abus
e an
d ne
glec
t is
risin
g. In
Geo
rgia
,ov
er 6
0,00
0
case
s of
phy
sica
l abu
se, s
exua
l abu
se o
r ne
glec
t of c
hild
ren
wer
e co
nfirm
ed b
etw
een
Janu
ary,
198
7 an
d Ju
ne, 1
989,
alth
ough
exp
erts
agr
ee th
at c
onfir
med
cas
es a
ccou
nt
for
a sm
all p
erce
ntag
e of
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re v
ictim
ized
. At a
min
imum
, abu
sed
and
negl
ecte
d ch
ildre
n ne
ed tr
eatm
ent f
or p
hysi
cal i
njur
ies
and
emot
iona
l tra
uma.
Ofte
n,
they
mus
t be
rem
oved
from
thei
r ho
mes
for
prot
ectio
n. G
iven
the
long
-ter
m s
ocia
l
and
emot
iona
l pro
blem
s ex
perie
nced
by
mos
t abu
se s
urvi
vors
, the
incr
easi
ng r
ate
of
abus
e an
d ne
glec
t in
Geo
rgia
has
ser
ious
impl
icat
ions
for
the
futu
re.
Neg
lect
of c
hild
ren
acco
unts
for
70%
of t
he c
ases
con
firm
ed in
Geo
rgia
betw
een
Janu
ary,
198
7 an
d Ju
ne, 1
989.
The
rat
e of
thes
e co
nfirm
ed n
egle
ct c
ases
incr
ease
d 53
% d
urin
g th
is ti
me.
Alth
ough
few
er c
hild
ren
suffe
red
phys
ical
abu
se
(abo
ut o
ne-f
ifth
of th
e co
nfirm
ed c
ases
) th
e ra
te o
f thi
s ab
use
incr
ease
d by
67%
durin
g th
e 30
-mon
th p
erio
d. S
exua
l abu
se a
ccou
nted
for
12%
of t
he c
onfir
med
cas
es,
and
the
rate
incr
ease
d 50
% o
ver
the
time
perio
d.
Neg
lect
was
mos
t ofte
n fo
und
amon
g th
e yo
unge
st c
hild
ren
(age
s 0
to 4
),
whi
le p
hysi
cal a
nd s
exua
l abu
se w
ere
mor
e co
mm
on a
mon
g ch
ildre
n ag
es 5
to 1
4.
Fem
ale
child
ren
wer
e fo
und
to h
ave
been
sex
ually
abu
sed
thre
e tim
es m
ore
ofte
n
than
mal
e ch
ildre
n.
Chi
ld p
rote
ctiv
e w
orke
rs in
Geo
rgia
car
ry a
vera
ge c
asel
oads
of 3
0-35
fam
ilies
,
far
exce
edin
g th
e na
tiona
lly r
ecog
nize
d st
anda
rd o
f 18
case
s pe
r w
orke
r. In
199
0,
76
36K
IDS
CO
UN
T19
92G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
n
15 12 9 6 3 0
TH
E G
RO
WIN
G R
AT
E O
F C
HIL
D A
BU
SE
AN
D
NE
GLE
CT
AM
ON
G G
EO
RG
IA'S
CH
ILD
RE
N,
JAN
UA
RY
, 198
1 A
ND
JU
NE
, 199
0.*
Neg
lect
ed C
hild
ren
Phy
sica
lly A
buse
dS
exua
lly A
buse
dC
hild
ren
Chi
ldre
n
1987
U 1
989
* R
ate
per
100.
000
child
ren
L O
ver
60,0
00 c
hild
ren
inG
eorg
ia u
nder
age
17
wer
e
conf
irmed
to h
ave
been
abus
ed o
r ne
glec
ted
betw
een
Janu
ary,
198
7 an
d Ju
ne, 1
989.
In 1
990,
Chi
ld P
rote
ctiv
eS
ervi
ces
wor
kers
rec
eive
dm
ore
than
45,
000
repo
rts
ofab
use
or n
egle
ct in
volv
ing
over
86,
000
child
ren.
77
AB
USE
D A
ND
NE
GL
EC
TE
D C
HIL
DR
EN
CO
NF
IRM
ED
US
ES
OF
AB
US
E A
ND
NE
GLE
CT
IN G
EO
RG
IA, B
Y T
YP
E, J
AN
UA
RY
, 198
1
TH
RO
UG
H J
UN
E, 1
989
Neg
lect
70%
Phy
sica
l Abu
se 1
9%
Sex
ual A
buse
12%
70%
of c
onfir
med
cas
esw
ere
due
to n
egle
ct.
Neg
lect
was
foun
d m
ore
ofte
n am
ong
child
ren
unde
r5,
whi
le p
hysi
cal a
nd s
exua
l
abus
e w
ere
mor
e co
mm
onam
ong
child
ren
ages
5 to
14.
78
411:
4714
11K
4-11
MIN
IND
Mill
IM'4
`y, E
N11
31k.
w,J
412?
4,1"
Geo
rgia
's C
hild
Pro
tect
ive
Ser
vice
s re
ceiv
ed m
ore
than
45,
000
repo
rts
of c
hild
abu
se
or n
egle
ct in
volv
ing
over
86,
000
child
ren.
Why
are
so
man
y ch
ildre
n be
ing
abus
ed a
nd n
egle
cted
eac
h ye
ar?
Soc
io-
econ
omic
fact
ors
are
likel
y to
pla
y a
subs
tant
ial r
ole.
Exp
erts
agre
e th
at e
cono
mic
hard
ship
put
s a
trem
endo
us s
trai
n on
fam
ilies
. Yet
whi
le fi
nanc
ial
stre
ss is
link
ed w
ith
abus
e, s
o ar
e ot
her
risk
fact
ors
havi
ng li
ttle
to d
o w
ith e
cono
mic
stat
us s
uch
as
alco
hol o
r dr
ug u
se, m
arita
l con
flict
s or
soc
ial i
sola
tion
ofa
fam
ily.
The
ava
ilabl
e st
atis
tics
on c
hild
vic
timiz
atio
n in
Geo
rgia
may
not
acc
urat
ely
repr
esen
t the
sco
pe o
f the
pro
blem
. Abu
se a
nd n
egle
ctar
e of
ten
kept
wel
l hid
den
with
in fa
mili
es. A
t the
sam
e tim
e, a
bout
one
-thi
rd o
f the
abu
sean
d ne
glec
t cas
es
inve
stig
ated
eac
h ye
ar in
Geo
rgia
rem
ain
"unc
onfir
med
"no
t eno
ugh
evid
ence
to
mak
e an
arr
est o
r re
mov
e a
child
to s
afet
y, b
ut e
noug
hev
iden
ce to
leav
e so
me
doub
t.
Chi
ldre
n w
ho h
ave
been
abu
sed
or n
egle
cted
nee
d pr
otec
tion
and
trea
tmen
t.
Man
y of
the
adul
ts w
ho a
buse
and
neg
lect
toda
yar
e su
rviv
ors
of c
hild
hood
abu
se
who
wen
t with
out a
dequ
ate
help
. Res
earc
h ha
s sh
own
that
inte
nsiv
e fa
mily
pres
erva
tion
serv
ices
, sup
port
gro
ups,
hom
e vi
sitin
gpr
ogra
ms,
par
ent e
duca
tion
and
effo
rts
to d
ecre
ase
isol
atio
n am
ong
fam
ilies
all
redu
ce th
ein
cide
nce
of a
buse
and
negl
ect.
Thi
s pr
even
tion
is v
ital t
o re
vers
ing
Geo
rgia
'scu
rren
t tre
nds.
79
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
SC
OU
NT
1991
31
AB
US
ED
AN
D N
EG
LEC
TE
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HIL
DR
EN
Num
ber
and
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e pe
r 10
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sed
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lect
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hild
ren,
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rgia
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uary
198
7 to
Jun
e 19
89
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TY
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PUJE
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1411
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IEW
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% I
LU
%.n
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WH
AT
TH
E N
UM
BE
I5 T
ELE
US
HO
W G
EO
RG
IA L
OO
KS
:JA
NU
AR
Y, 1
987
- JU
NE
, 198
9
Geo
rgia
chi
ldre
n ar
e 50
% m
ore
likel
y to
be
phys
ical
ly a
buse
d th
an
sexu
ally
abu
sed.
The
y ar
e m
ore
than
3 ti
mes
as
likel
y to
be
negl
ecte
d as
phy
sica
lly
abus
ed.
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
KS
:JA
NU
AR
Y, 1
987
- JU
NE
, 198
9
" 9'
cou
ntie
s ha
d ra
tes
of n
egle
ct m
ore
than
twic
e th
e st
ate
aver
age
of 9
.03
conf
irmed
cas
es p
er 1
00,0
00 c
hild
ren.
74 2
6 co
untie
s ha
d ra
tes
of n
egle
ct u
nder
5 p
er 1
00,0
00 c
hild
ren.
' Whi
le 1
0 co
untie
s ha
d ra
tes
of p
hysi
cal a
buse
nea
rly d
oubl
e th
e
stat
e av
erag
e of
2.5
1 pe
r 10
0,00
0 ch
ildre
n, 1
7 co
untie
s ha
d ra
tes
low
er th
an1
per
100,
000
child
ren.
7 W
hile
6 c
ount
ies
repo
rted
no
conf
irmed
cas
es o
f sex
ual a
buse
,
17 c
ount
ies
had
rate
s m
ore
than
2 ti
mes
the
stat
e av
erag
e of
1.6
6
per
100,
000
child
ren.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
83
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
139
JUV
EN
ILE
S C
OM
MIT
TE
D T
O S
TA
TE
CU
ST
OD
Y
Wos
t chi
ldre
n w
ho e
nd u
p in
the
juve
nile
just
ice
syst
em h
ave
been
let d
own,
by
thei
r
fam
ilies
, by
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es, o
r by
ser
vice
sys
tem
s. In
Geo
rgia
, ove
r 50
,000
cas
es o
f
delin
quen
cy o
r un
ruly
beh
avio
r w
ere
filed
in 1
990
agai
nst y
outh
age
s 10
to 1
7, a
92%
incr
ease
from
198
2. O
ver
thre
e-fo
urth
s of
thes
e ca
ses
wer
e fo
r cr
imin
al o
ffens
es.
Vio
lent
crim
e am
ong
yout
h in
crea
sed
10%
bet
wee
n 19
89 a
nd 1
990.
Whe
n ju
veni
les
are
com
mitt
ed to
sta
te c
usto
dy th
ey a
re p
lace
d ei
ther
in a
yout
h de
velo
pmen
t cen
ter
or a
n al
tern
ativ
e pr
ogra
m. A
long
the
way
, the
y m
ay a
lso
be h
eld
in lo
cked
det
entio
n aw
aitin
g a
cour
t hea
ring
or a
pla
cem
ent.
Dur
ing
the
1980
's, t
he ju
veni
le c
omm
itmen
t rat
e in
crea
sed
by 3
6%. I
n 19
91, 3
,385
juve
nile
s w
ere
com
mitt
ed to
sta
te c
usto
dy, a
nd n
early
14,
000
yout
h w
ere
held
in d
eten
tion.
Of t
he 7
2 co
untie
s fo
r w
hich
tren
ds c
an b
e ca
lcul
ated
, 66%
incr
ease
d th
eir
rate
of j
uven
iles
com
mitt
ed to
sta
te c
usto
dy d
urin
g th
e 19
80's
. Fift
een
coun
ties
had
an in
crea
se o
f mor
e th
an 9
5%.
Alth
ough
com
mitm
ent r
ates
are
incr
easi
ng, t
he s
tate
is u
sing
alte
rnat
ive
plac
emen
ts m
ore
freq
uent
ly to
bet
ter
suit
the
need
s of
you
th. A
ltern
ativ
e pl
acem
ents
,
or "
dive
rsio
ns,"
are
non
-sec
ure
plac
emen
t site
s, c
omm
unity
-bas
ed p
rogr
ams,
in-h
ome
supe
rvis
ion
prog
ram
s or
oth
er s
peci
aliz
ed s
ervi
ces.
In 1
982,
ove
r 40
% o
f com
mitt
ed ju
veni
les
wer
e pl
aced
into
div
ersi
onar
y
prog
ram
s. T
his
incr
ease
d to
a h
igh
of 6
6% in
199
1. H
owev
er, n
ot a
ll yo
uth
are
plac
ed
in th
e al
tern
ativ
e pr
ogra
m th
at b
est s
uits
thei
r ne
eds
beca
use
ther
e ar
e of
ten
not
8440
KID
SC
OU
NT
1992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
GE
OR
GIA
YO
UT
H R
EC
OM
MIT
TE
D T
O
ST
AT
E C
US
TO
DY
, 199
1
You
th N
ot R
ecom
mitt
ed 5
9%
You
th R
ecom
mitt
ed 4
1 %
L] 3
,385
you
th w
ere
com
mitt
ed to
sta
te c
usto
dy in
1991
.
LA N
early
14,
000
yout
h w
ere
held
in d
eten
tion
in 1
991.
85
JUV
EN
ILE
S C
OM
MIT
TE
D T
O S
TA
TE
CU
ST
OD
Y
HO
W Y
OU
TH
HO
VE
TH
RO
UG
H T
HE
GE
OR
GIA
JU
VE
NIL
E J
US
TIC
E S
YS
TE
M, 1
991
CO
UR
T50
,622
You
th
AR
RE
ST
S/
CO
MP
LAIN
TS
YD
C**
991
You
th
DC
YS
*3,
385
You
tht
DE
TE
NT
ION
13,9
39 Y
outh
DIV
ER
SIO
N2,
234
You
th
YD
C =
You
th D
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r
DC
YS
= C
omm
itted
to D
epar
tmen
t of C
hild
ren
and
You
th S
ervi
ces
tN
umbe
r of
you
th c
omm
itted
to D
CY
S is
mor
e th
an s
um o
f you
th in
YD
C's
and
dive
rsio
ns d
ue to
inco
nsis
tenc
ies
in fi
scal
yea
r da
ta c
olle
ctio
n
Div
ersi
onar
y pr
ogra
ms
mad
e up
ove
r 40
% o
f all
plac
emen
ts in
198
2 co
mpa
red
to 6
6% in
199
1.
The
ave
rage
cos
t of a
9
mon
th s
tay
in a
You
thD
evel
opm
ent C
ente
r is
$29,
592.
86
enou
gh s
pace
s av
aila
ble.
Man
y yo
uth
rem
ain
in d
eten
tiOn
for
mon
ths
wai
ting
for
a
spac
e in
an
alte
rnat
ive
prog
ram
.
One
way
to m
easu
re th
e im
pact
of t
he ju
veni
le ju
stic
e sy
stem
is to
see
how
man
y of
the
kids
who
go
thro
ugh
it ar
e su
cces
sful
ly r
ehab
ilita
ted.
In 1
991,
41%
of
yout
h co
mm
itted
to th
e st
ate
wer
e ca
ught
bre
akin
g th
e la
w a
gain
whi
le s
till i
n st
ate
cust
ody,
and
wer
e "r
ecom
mitt
ed."
Thi
s re
pres
ente
d a
26%
incr
ease
from
the
num
ber
of "
reco
mm
itmen
ts"
in 1
982.
Who
are
the
child
ren
that
are
com
mitt
ed to
sta
te c
usto
dy?
In 1
990,
87%
wer
e m
ale,
13%
fem
ale;
66%
wer
e A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
and
34%
wer
e w
hite
. The
aver
age
age
at ti
me
of c
omm
itmen
t was
15,
yet
hal
f of t
hese
chi
ldre
n ha
d no
t
com
plet
ed th
e si
xth
grad
e.
Div
ersi
on p
rogr
ams
are
ofte
n le
ss e
xpen
sive
than
trad
ition
al d
eten
tion
setti
ngs.
In 1
992,
the
cost
of a
n av
erag
e st
ay (
9 m
onth
s) in
a s
tate
You
th
Dev
elop
men
t Cen
ter
was
$29
,592
. Non
-res
iden
tial d
iver
sion
pro
gram
s fo
r th
e sa
me
perio
d of
tim
e co
uld
have
cos
t les
s th
an $
6,00
0, d
epen
ding
on
the
serv
ices
nee
ded.
Whi
le u
tiliz
atio
n of
alte
rnat
ive
cust
ody
arra
ngem
ents
may
dec
reas
e th
e
num
ber
of ju
veni
les
who
go
thro
ugh
the
syst
em o
ver
and
over
aga
in, f
ocus
ing
on
prev
entio
n ef
fort
s w
ithin
fam
ilies
, sch
ools
and
com
mun
ities
has
bee
n fo
und
to b
e th
e
mos
t effe
ctiv
e w
ay to
dec
reas
e th
e nu
mbe
r of
crim
es c
omm
itted
by
yout
h.
87
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
1991
41
JUV
EN
ILE
SC
OM
MIT
TE
D T
O S
TA
TE
CU
ST
OD
YN
umbe
r an
d R
ate
per
1,00
0 of
Com
mitm
ents
to S
tate
Cus
tody
, You
th A
ges
I 0 to
17,
Geo
rgia
,198
2 an
d 19
91
1982
1991
CO
UN
TY
NU
MB
ER
RA
TE
NU
MB
ER
RA
TE
AP
PLI
NG
83.
312
5.5
AT
KIN
SO
N3
--2
BA
CO
N0
-7
5.1
BA
KE
RI
-4
BA
LDW
IN17
3.6
61.
5
BA
NK
S2
64.
5
BA
RR
OW
61.
912
3.4
BA
RT
OW
243.
823
3.5
BE
N H
ILL
83.
69
3.9
BE
RR
IEN
3--
4
BIB
B47
2.3
153
8.9
BLE
CK
LEY
3--
2-
BR
AN
TLE
YI
-5
3.1
BR
OO
KS
62.
512
6.2
BR
YA
N7
4.0
104.
3
BU
LLO
CH
224.
834
8.1
BU
RK
E3
134.
3
BU
TT
S14
7.2
3-
CA
LHO
UN
II12
.2I
-C
AM
DE
N8
3.4
92.
6
CA
ND
LER
I--
3
CA
RR
OLL
161.
923
2.7
CA
TO
OS
A17
3.2
II
2.1
CH
AR
LTO
NI
-I
-C
HA
TH
AM
161
6.0
276
11.7
CH
AT
TA
HO
OC
HE
E2
--I
-C
HA
TT
OO
GA
26
2.3
CH
ER
OK
EE
121.
5II
1.1
CLA
RK
E42
5.8
547.
3
CLA
YI
-2
-C
LAY
TO
N39
1.7
532.
5
CLI
NC
H6
5.6
I
CO
BB
571.
310
82.
3
CO
FF
EE
61.
59
2.3
CO
LQU
ITT
366.
814
3.0
CO
LUM
BIA
60.
94
-C
OO
K4
-8
4.6
CO
WE
TA
274.
530
4.5
CR
AW
FO
RD
0-
3-
CR
ISP
103.
419
7.0
DA
DE
I-
0-
DA
WS
ON
I-
0
DE
CA
TU
R34
8.8
4412
.4
DE
KA
LB26
74.
128
35.
2
DO
DG
E3
--3
-D
OO
LYI
--0
-D
OU
GH
ER
TY
136
9.1
169
13.1
DO
UG
LAS
232.
623
2.6
EA
RLY
52.
45
3.1
EC
HO
LS0
-I
-E
FF
ING
HA
M9
2.9
256.
7
ELB
ER
T.,.
..9
3.5
177.
6
EM
AN
UE
L12
3.9
62.
1
8842
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
2G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
n
1982
1991
CO
UN
TY
NU
MB
ER
RA
TE
NU
MB
ER
RA
TE
EV
AN
S3
-6
5.2
FA
NN
INI
3
FA
YE
TT
E2
--7
0.8
FLO
YD
585.
561
7.2
FO
RS
YT
H14
3.2
3-
FR
AN
KLI
NII
5.3
2-
FU
LTO
N24
43.
324
23.
8
GIL
ME
R0
-3
-G
LAS
CO
CK
0-
0
GLY
NN
506.
538
5.4
GO
RD
ON
306.
625
5.7
GR
AD
Y29
9.8
197.
3
GR
EE
NE
I-
-4
GW
INN
ET
T37
1.3
129
3.1
HA
BE
RS
HA
M3
2-
HA
LL23
2.1
161.
5
HA
NC
OC
KI
-2
-H
AR
ALS
ON
2-
4
HA
RR
ISI
-6
2.9
HA
RT
83.
05
2.2
HE
AR
D2
-0
-H
EN
RY
101.
829
4.1
HO
US
TO
N30
2.6
363.
4
IRW
INI
-0
AC
KS
ON
133.
512
3.3
AS
PE
RI
-I
-E
FF
DA
VIS
95.
14
-E
FF
ER
SO
N12
4.2
62.
6
EN
KIN
S6
4.5
76.
6
OH
NS
ON
I-
2-
ON
ES
I-
0
LAM
AR
1-
53.
2
LAN
IER
2-
4--
LAU
RE
NS
101.
812
2.4
LEE
4-
2
LIB
ER
TY
204.
540
7.3
LIN
CO
LN1
-I
-LO
NG
I--
4-
LOW
ND
ES
565.
959
6.6
LUM
PK
INI
-2
-M
AC
ON
0-
2--
MA
DIS
ON
4-
93.
5
MA
RIO
N0
-3
-M
CD
UF
FIE
176.
06
2.3
MC
INT
OS
H2
-3
-M
ER
IWE
TH
ER
4-
3-
MIL
LER
3-
2-
MIT
CH
ELL
236.
735
I1.8
MO
NR
OE
2-
73.
3
MO
NT
GO
ME
RY
0-
2-
MO
RG
AN
4-
2-
MU
RR
AY
144.
516
4.8
MU
SC
OG
EE
104
4.6
201
10.2
- N
umbe
r to
o sm
all t
o ca
lcul
ate
a ra
te.
89
JUV
EN
ILE
S C
OM
MIT
TE
DT
O S
TA
TE
CU
STO
DY
1982
1991
CO
UN
TY
=B
BM
ILN
UM
BE
RB
agN
EW
TO
NI6
2.9
244.
8O
CO
NE
E0
2-
OG
LET
HO
RP
E3
-3
-P
AU
LDIN
GII
2.7
I83.
6P
EA
CH
51.
7II
4.4
PIC
KE
NS
53.
15
3.I
PIE
RC
E3
-I
-P
IKE
2-
2-
PO
LK16
3.5
245.
9P
ULA
SK
I5
3.9
3-
PU
TN
AM
I-
2-
QU
ITM
AN
0-
0-
RA
BU
N3
-2
-R
AN
DO
LPH
75.
04
-R
ICH
MO
ND
118
4.9
164
7.7
RO
CK
DA
LE14
2.3
I52.
2S
CH
LEY
58.
42
-S
CR
EV
EN
73.
513
7.1
SE
MIN
OLE
I-
I-
SP
ALD
ING
517.
248
7.0
ST
EP
HE
NS
4-
72.
8S
TE
WA
RT
I-
2-
SU
MT
ER
I84.
219
4.9
TA
LBO
T0
-I
-T
ALI
AF
ER
RO
0-
0-
TA
TT
NA
LLI 1
4.8
II6.
0T
AY
LOR
2-
2-
TE
LFA
IR0
-6
4.4
TE
RR
ELL
2-
53.
6T
HO
MA
S18
3.1
244.
9T
IFT
143.
027
5.9
TO
OM
BS
164.
615
4.7
TO
WN
S0
-0
-T
RE
UT
LEN
I-
3-
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OU
P16
2.4
7811
.3T
UR
NE
R4
-11
9.0
Tvv
IGG
S0
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ION
0-
I-
UP
SO
N10
2.8
72.
3W
ALK
ER
202.
620
2.8
WA
LTO
N39
7.8
286.
0W
AR
E18
3.4
4710
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AR
RE
N2
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AS
HIN
GT
ON
269.
09
3.7
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YN
E9
2.9
72.
4W
EB
ST
ER
0-
0-
WH
EE
LER
0I
WH
ITE
0-
I-
wH
ITF
IELD
313.
361
7.1
WIL
CO
X0
-1
-W
ILK
ES
I7
5.6
WIL
KIN
SO
N4
I-
WO
RT
H17
5.8
51.
9G
A T
OT
AL
2,57
53.
33.
385
4.5
..E.4
4PA
VA
IM:
,411
1611
1112
1111
1111
1101
1111
1RO
MII
IIM
MA
IM N
UM
BE
RS
TE
LL U
S
GE
OR
GIA
TR
EN
DO
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
= 3
6% IN
CR
EA
SE
9 In
198
2,G
eorg
ia h
ad a
juve
nile
com
mitm
ent r
ate
of 3
.3pe
r 1,
000
yout
h ag
es 1
0 to
17.
In 1
991,
the
com
mitm
ent r
ate
incr
ease
d36
% to
4.5
per
1,00
0.
CO
UN
TY
RA
TE
SO
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
TR
EN
D#
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S%
OF
CO
UN
TIE
SD
eclin
e24
33%
Incr
ease
4866
%
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
K:
1991
"In
48
coun
ties
the
juve
nile
com
mitm
ent r
ate
was
low
er th
an th
est
ate
aver
age
of 4
.5 p
er 1
,000
yout
h.°-
20 c
ount
ies
had
a ju
veni
le c
omm
itmen
tra
te o
f 7pe
r 1,
000
orgr
eate
r.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
91
BIR
TH
S T
O T
EN
S
p 6
hen
a te
enag
er g
ives
birt
h, s
he p
lace
s he
rsel
f and
her
chi
ld a
t ris
k. A
teen
age
mot
her
is le
ss li
kely
to c
ompl
ete
her
educ
atio
n w
hich
sig
nific
antly
red
uces
her
job
pros
pect
s. A
s a
cons
eque
nce,
she
is m
ore
likel
y to
be
poor
. She
is le
ss li
kely
to o
btai
n
adeq
uate
pre
nata
l car
e an
d he
r ch
ild is
mor
e lik
ely
to s
uffe
r sh
ort a
nd lo
ng-t
erm
heal
th p
robl
ems
as a
res
ult.
The
chi
ld o
f a te
en p
aren
t ofte
n liv
es w
ith th
e so
cial
and
emot
iona
l pro
blem
s as
soci
ated
with
pov
erty
, sta
ckin
g th
e od
ds a
gain
st s
ucce
ss in
scho
ol a
nd s
elf-
suffi
cien
cy in
the
futu
re.
The
birt
h ra
te fo
r te
ens
ages
15
to 1
9 in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
is h
ighe
r th
an in
mos
t oth
er d
evel
oped
nat
ions
(ov
er 4
tim
es th
e ra
te in
Ger
man
y, F
ranc
e an
d Ja
pan)
.
Whi
le th
e U
.S. r
ate
fell
thro
ugho
ut th
e 19
70's
and
ear
ly 1
980'
s, it
incr
ease
d
dram
atic
ally
in th
e la
te 1
980'
s, p
artic
ular
ly a
mon
g yo
unge
r te
ens.
By
1991
, Geo
rgia
rank
ed 5
th in
the
natio
n in
birt
hs to
girl
s ag
es 1
5 to
19.
Geo
rgia
KID
S C
OU
NT
dat
a is
bas
ed o
n bi
rths
to te
ens
unde
r ag
e 18
. Dur
ing
the
seco
nd h
alf o
f the
198
0's,
the
rate
incr
ease
d by
11%
in G
eorg
ia. N
early
7,0
00
babi
es w
ere
born
to te
enag
e m
othe
rs in
Geo
rgia
in 1
990.
Dur
ing
the
1980
's, 4
I %
of G
eorg
ia's
cou
ntie
s sh
owed
a d
eclin
e on
this
indi
cato
rw
ith 1
4 co
untie
s de
crea
sing
thei
r te
en b
irth
rate
s by
one
-fou
rth.
Fift
y-ni
ne p
erce
nt o
f the
cou
ntie
s in
crea
sed
thei
r ra
tes;
12
coun
ties
by m
ore
than
one-
third
.
92
41.
'min
im:r
imre
nroi
nnc
Fnr
rhi
lrirp
n
110W
DO
ES
GE
OR
GIA
CO
MP
AR
E?
BIR
TH
RA
TE
S F
OR
TE
EN
S A
GE
S15
-19,
SE
LEC
TE
D C
OU
NT
RIE
S A
ND
GE
OR
GIA
,198
9*
Net
herla
nds
5.9
Den
mar
k9.
2
Fra
nce
9.2
Japa
n9.
8
Ger
man
y11
.1
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
31.7
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
58.1
GE
OR
GIA
72.3
For
this
com
paris
on o
nly,
the
Geo
rgia
teen
birt
h ra
te is
for
girls
age
s
15 to
19. Li 6
,738
bab
ies
wer
e bo
rnto
girl
s un
der
age
18 in
Geo
rgia
in 1
990.
The
birt
h ra
te fo
r A
fric
an-
Am
eric
an g
irls
youn
ger
than
18 w
as m
ore
than
dou
ble
the
rate
for
whi
te te
ens
thro
ugho
ut th
e 19
80's
.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE93
BIR
TH
TO
TE
EN
S
100
80 60 40 20 0
BIR
TH
RA
TE
S F
OR
GE
OR
GIA
TE
EN
S
YO
UN
GE
R T
HA
N A
GE
18,
BY
RA
CE
1981
-198
5 A
ND
198
6-19
90*
1981
1985
1986
1990
t!! W
HIT
E T
EE
NS
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N T
EE
NS
* R
ate
per
1.00
0 te
ens.
Geo
rgia
had
the
5th
high
est b
irth
rate
in th
ena
tion
for
teen
s ag
es 1
5 to
19 in
199
1 co
mpa
rison
s.
The
sta
te s
pend
s al
mos
t 50
times
mor
e in
hel
ping
to s
up-
port
fam
ilies
sta
rted
by
teen
-ag
ers
than
it s
pend
s tr
ying
to
prev
ent t
eena
ge p
regn
ancy
.
94
Orin
try-
rVal
liKO
ZW
-...t
IOC
meN
AIIM
MIO
NS
WW
. ..q
aMita
l4P
c-40
1901
1121
11iN
Met
rir U
MW
47
The
teen
birt
h ra
te in
crea
sed
over
the
deca
de fo
r bo
th w
hite
and
Afr
ican
-
Am
eric
an te
ens.
Whi
le th
e ra
te fo
r w
hite
teen
s in
crea
sed
slig
htly
fast
er th
an th
e ra
te
for
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an te
ens,
the
birt
h ra
te fo
r A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
teen
s w
as m
ore
than
doub
le th
e ra
te fo
r w
hite
teen
s.
Exp
erts
sug
gest
that
cha
nges
in th
e te
en b
irth
rate
are
the
resu
lt of
inte
rrel
ated
fact
ors.
Soc
ioec
onom
ic s
tatu
s an
d ec
onom
ic o
ppor
tuni
ty im
pact
a te
en's
mot
ivat
ion
for
and
succ
ess
in d
elay
ing
child
birt
h. C
ultu
ral,
relig
ious
and
fam
ily a
ttitu
des
tow
ard
sexu
ality
, con
trac
eptio
n, fa
mily
pla
nnin
g an
d th
e ac
cept
abili
ty o
f chi
ld b
earin
g
at a
n ea
rly a
ge a
lso
exer
t a s
tron
g in
fluen
ce o
n te
ens.
Pub
lic p
olic
y in
the
area
s of
sex
educ
atio
n, c
ontr
acep
tion
and
fam
ily p
lann
ing
is li
kely
to p
lay
a si
gnifi
cant
rol
e as
wel
l.
In a
dditi
on to
the
nega
tive
soci
al a
nd e
mot
iona
l out
com
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
teen
age
child
bear
ing,
the
num
ber
of te
ens
havi
ng c
hild
ren
plac
es a
sig
nific
ant f
inan
cial
burd
en o
n th
e st
ates
. It i
s es
timat
ed th
at G
eorg
ia s
pent
ove
r $5
40 m
illio
n (in
clud
ing
both
sta
te a
nd fe
dera
l fun
ds)
on p
rogr
ams
vita
l to
the
supp
ort o
f fam
ilies
sta
rted
by
teen
s (M
edic
aid,
Aid
to F
amili
es w
ith D
epen
dent
Chi
ldre
n, F
ood
Sta
mps
), y
et a
ll
teen
s in
nee
d w
ere
not s
erve
d. O
nly
2% o
f fun
ds a
lloca
ted
for
teen
age
preg
nanc
y
wen
t to
prev
entio
n ef
fort
s.
Tee
nage
rs n
eed
supp
ort a
nd in
form
atio
n th
at w
ill g
ive
them
the
abili
ty a
nd
the
mot
ivat
ion
to d
elay
chi
ldbe
arin
g. T
hey
also
nee
d ac
cess
to q
ualit
y pr
enat
al c
are
if
they
do
beco
me
preg
nant
, and
edu
catio
nal a
nd s
uppo
rt s
ervi
ces
once
they
beg
in
pare
ntin
g.
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
SC
OU
NT
1992
95
BIR
TH
TO
TE
EN
SN
umbe
r an
d R
ate
per
1,00
0 of
Birt
hs to
Girl
s Y
oung
er th
an A
ge 1
8, b
y R
ace,
Geo
rgia
,I 9
8 I -
I 98
5 an
d 1
986-
1 9
90
CO
UN
TY
1981
-85
NV
II
TO
TA
L
RA
TE
1986
-90
NU
M. R
AT
E
WH
ITE
1981
-85
1986
-90
NU
MN
UM
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
81-8
519
86-9
0
NU
NN
UM
CO
UN
TY
1981
-85
NU
M
TO
TA
L19
86-9
0
RA
TE
NIL
ER
AT
E
WH
ITE
I981
-85
1986
-90
NU
NN
UM
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
81-8
519
86-9
0
NU
MN
UM
AP
PLI
NG
157
674
104
47.3
53.6
38.0
106,
067
.7E
VA
NS
8163
.057
54.5
50.6
29.5
80.9
89.9
AT
KIN
SO
N52
59.1
6684
.646
.469
.989
.211
9.7
FA
NN
IN55
30.6
6739
.830
.739
.3N
AN
AB
AC
ON
101
73.6
8363
.049
.851
.817
0.6
108.
2F
AY
ET
TE
529.
684
12.0
7.5
11.6
47.9
-B
AK
ER
2441
.624
47.6
--
47.5
58.6
FLO
YD
468
47.3
485
56.4
34.5
92.9
109.
711
7.2
BA
LDW
IN24
257
.518
450
.336
.830
.878
.268
.4F
OR
SY
TH
192
39.2
136
30.2
34.5
30.1
NA
NA
BA
NK
S35
32.1
4440
.131
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.6-
-F
RA
NK
LIN
107
58.1
117
64.6
48.7
55.2
111.
511
6.6
BA
RR
OW
152
49.6
189
60.5
42.8
52.6
82.4
107.
1F
ULT
ON
3779
53.5
1449
70.2
21.3
19.6
73.7
101.
1
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RT
OW
345
59.2
372
62.1
57.0
62.3
76.2
61.1
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ME
R76
54.1
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.456
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BE
N H
ILL
139
62.2
151
68.3
39.3
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GLA
SC
OC
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47.0
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RIE
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36.0
7948
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N33
844
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458
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BIB
B10
5153
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1063
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.381
.791
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OR
DO
N20
048
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659
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0.0
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CK
LEY
7550
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22.3
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108.
490
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RA
DY
169
58.3
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54.0
39.4
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85.5
75.1
BR
AN
TLE
Y47
35.8
6446
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.310
9.9
GR
EE
NE
9961
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54.6
30.2
36.7
78.5
66.2
BR
OO
KS
BR
YA
N15
6
9771
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57.4
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77.3
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3
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0
105.
4
97.3
GW
INN
ET
TH
AB
ER
SH
AM
490
121
I 9.0
39.9
660
109
20.2
38.6
18.0
10.5
19.5
38.2
50.3
45.4
BU
LLO
CH
223
50.8
188
46.9
28.0
25.0
87.8
83.6
HA
LL42
541
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950
.437
.746
.772
.084
.4
BU
RK
E20
371
.918
168
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.086
.284
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AN
CO
CK
7043
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--
47.9
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BU
TT
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556
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765
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1.7
HA
RA
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843
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139
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CA
LHO
UN
4653
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34.4
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AR
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7431
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32.2
24.4
27.3
43.3
42.1
CA
MD
EN
100
41.9
120
42.7
35.3
35.4
54.5
65.8
HA
RT
120
48.9
116
52.2
29.8
35.7
90.0
85.1
CA
ND
LER
CA
RR
OLL
45 370
44.2
46.1
58
423
56.3
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31.7
31.6
37.0
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65.1
101.
5
91.9
87.3
HE
AR
D
HE
NR
Y
16 181
48.0
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72.0
67.1
CA
TO
OS
A17
533
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836
.333
.536
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OU
ST
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370
31.6
417
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CH
AR
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1.1
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2IR
WIN
8261
.344
41.5
27.9
24.8
122.
467
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CH
AT
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9262
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CK
SO
N15
644
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058
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CH
AT
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HO
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HE
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4432
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ER
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278
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37.8
71.0
69.1
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188
72.8
165
69.3
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842
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750
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JEN
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64.1
8277
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5.5
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Y41
80.5
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7562
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298
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34.9
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ES
8334
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MA
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47.2
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CO
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866
21.2
1085
25.6
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5871
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65.5
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814
9.7
CO
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245
62.1
282
74.9
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8LA
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EN
S27
653
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274
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113
3.0
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8543
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CO
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167
25.8
222
30.2
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51.8
LIB
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308
72.9
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66.0
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82.5
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123
66.1
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413
0.4
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53.5
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66.6
3648
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CR
AW
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3528
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490
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9
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219
77.0
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75.1
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812
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MA
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DA
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2733
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NA
NA
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9240
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7
DE
CA
TU
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862
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575
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3.1
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49.0
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DE
KA
LB18
9830
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2240
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199
70.0
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410
1.3
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39.4
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Geo
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orC
hild
ren9
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E
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umbe
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1981
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tea
98
° '4
1 I I
P I
NW
WP
M
WH
AT
TH
E N
UM
BE
RS
TE
LL U
S
GE
OR
GIA
TR
EN
D O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
= 1
1% IN
CR
EA
SE
--
O In
the
first
hal
f of t
he d
ecad
e th
e te
en b
irth
rate
was
46.
2 pe
r
1,00
0 gi
rls u
nder
age
18.
O In
the
seco
nd h
alf o
f the
dec
ade
this
rat
e in
crea
sed
I I%
to 5
1.3,
mea
ning
35,
929
girls
und
er a
ge 1
8 ha
d ba
bies
.
CO
UN
TY
RA
TE
S O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
TR
EN
D#
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S%
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S
Dec
line
6341
%
Incr
ease
9259
%
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
K: 1
986-
1990
CI 7
0 co
untie
s (o
r 45
%)
have
a te
en b
irth
rate
low
er th
an th
e st
ate
aver
age
of 5
1.3
per
1,00
0 gi
rls u
nder
age
18.
37 c
ount
ies,
(or
24%
) ha
ve a
teen
birt
h ra
te in
exc
ess
of 6
5 pe
r
1,00
0. In 4
1 co
untie
s (o
r 29
%)
the
birt
h ra
te fo
r A
fric
an -
Am
eric
an
teen
s is
ove
r 10
0 pe
r 1,
000
- m
eani
ng th
at m
ore
than
Iof
eve
ry
10 A
fric
an -
Am
eric
an te
ens
gave
birt
h be
fore
her
18t
h bi
rthd
ay.
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
1la
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L D
RO
PO
UT
S
high
sch
ool d
iplo
ma
has
long
bee
n co
nsid
ered
a s
ymbo
l of a
ccom
plis
hmen
t in
our
soci
ety.
For
man
y, g
radu
atin
g fr
om h
igh
scho
ol is
a r
equi
site
ste
p to
war
d se
lf-
suffi
cien
cy a
nd th
e ab
ility
to s
uppo
rt a
fam
ily in
the
futu
re.
Geo
rgia
has
mad
e si
gnifi
cant
pro
gres
s ke
epin
g yo
uth
in s
choo
l. D
urin
g th
e la
st
deca
de, d
ropo
ut r
ates
dec
reas
ed 2
0% a
nd w
ere
com
para
ble
for
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an
and
whi
te s
tude
nts.
But
ther
e is
muc
h ro
om fo
r im
prov
emen
t.
In 1
992
natio
nal c
ompa
rison
s, G
eorg
ia r
anks
47t
h in
the
natio
n in
hig
h sc
hool
drop
outs
. In
1990
, mor
e th
an 5
6,00
0 G
eorg
ia te
enag
ers
ages
16
to 1
9 w
ere
high
scho
ol d
ropo
uts,
a r
ate
of 1
4% (
the
natio
nal r
ate
for
that
yea
r w
as I
1%).
Of G
eorg
ia's
159
coun
ties,
33
had
an in
crea
se in
the
num
ber
of d
ropo
uts
durin
g th
e 19
80's
. In
10
coun
ties
the
drop
out r
ate
incr
ease
d 25
% o
r m
ore.
Geo
rgia
's p
rogr
ess
in r
educ
ing
the
num
ber
of te
ens
who
dro
p ou
t of h
igh
scho
ol is
mirr
ored
by
sign
ifica
nt g
ains
in a
dult
educ
atio
nal a
ttain
men
t. T
he n
umbe
r of
adul
ts (
25 y
ears
and
ove
r) in
Geo
rgia
who
had
not
gra
duat
ed fr
om h
igh
scho
ol o
r
com
plet
ed a
GE
D (
high
sch
ool e
quiv
alen
cy)
decr
ease
d on
e-th
ird d
urin
g th
e 19
80's
.
Tre
nds
in h
igh
scho
ol d
ropo
ut r
ates
can
hel
p in
form
str
ateg
ies
for
impr
ovin
g
on th
e pr
ogre
ss th
at's
alre
ady
been
mad
e. N
atio
nal d
ata
show
that
stu
dent
s fr
om
low
-inco
me
fam
ilies
are
3 ti
mes
as
likel
y to
dro
p ou
t as
thos
e fr
om m
ore
afflu
ent
hom
es. R
eten
tion
in a
gra
de a
nd p
oor
acad
emic
per
form
ance
als
o gr
eatly
incr
ease
the
4RK
IM M
INT
100
7rt
nnm
-inric
Fr,
rrh
ilrfr
on10
0
PE
RC
EN
T O
F T
EE
NS
16
AN
D O
LDE
R W
HO
HA
VE
DR
OP
PE
D O
UT
OF
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L, G
EO
RG
IA,
1980
AN
D 1
990
20%
15%
10%
5% 0%19
80
WH
ITE
TE
EN
S
1990
AFR
ICA
N-A
ME
RIC
AN
TE
EN
S
L.; 2
/3 o
f Geo
rgia
jobs
req
uire
mor
e th
an a
hig
h sc
hool
dipl
oma.
L, 5
6,21
2 G
eorg
ia te
ens
ages
16 to
19
wer
e hi
gh s
choo
ldr
opou
ts in
199
0.
101
.717
fi,:1
777r
.
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
ST
AT
US
OF
GE
OR
GIA
TE
EN
S
AG
ES
16-
19,
1990
In S
choo
l or
Hig
h S
choo
l Gra
duat
es 8
6%
Not
in S
choo
l and
Not
Hig
h S
choo
l Gra
duat
es 1
4%
Des
pite
sub
stan
tial
impr
ovem
ent d
urin
g th
e19
80's
, Geo
rgia
stil
l ran
ks
47th
in th
e na
tion
in 1
992
com
paris
ions
.
Ove
r 15
% o
f all
teen
sw
ho d
rop
out d
o so
bec
ause
of p
regn
ancy
. 102
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L D
RO
UT
S
chan
ce th
at a
stu
dent
will
dro
p ou
t, an
d A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
stu
dent
s ar
e re
tain
ed tw
ice
as o
ften
as w
hite
stu
dent
s. R
esea
rch
show
s 15
% o
f Geo
rgia
teen
s w
ho d
rop
out o
f
high
sch
ool d
o so
bec
ause
of p
regn
ancy
.
Wha
t are
the
cons
eque
nces
of d
ropp
ing
out f
or G
eorg
ia's
teen
s? M
ost
nota
bly,
dec
reas
ed o
r lo
st e
arni
ngs
and
the
poss
ibili
ty o
f a li
fetim
e of
fina
ncia
l
depe
nden
ce. I
t is
estim
ated
that
one
-thi
rd o
f all
jobs
in G
eorg
iaca
n be
obt
aine
d w
ith
just
a h
igh
scho
ol d
iplo
ma;
two-
third
s of
Geo
rgia
jobs
req
uire
eith
erso
me
post
-
seco
ndar
y ed
ucat
ion,
on-
the-
job
trai
ning
, a fo
ur-y
ear
degr
ee o
r m
ore.
Job
s in
the
2Ist
cent
ury
are
likel
y to
dem
and
even
hig
her
leve
ls o
f edu
catio
n an
d tr
aini
ng.
Dec
reas
ing
the
num
ber
of h
igh
scho
ol d
ropo
uts
is n
ot e
noug
h. S
tayi
ng in
scho
ol a
nd g
radu
atin
g do
esn'
t nec
essa
rily
mea
n ki
ds a
re g
ettin
g th
e ed
ucat
ion
they
need
. It p
rovi
des
no g
uara
ntee
that
a g
radu
ate
will
be
read
y fo
r co
llege
or v
ocat
iona
l
trai
ning
. Nat
iona
l res
earc
h sh
ows
that
Iin
3 c
olle
ge fr
eshm
en is
not
aca
dem
ical
ly
prep
ared
. Sig
nific
ant i
mpr
ovem
ents
in h
igh
scho
ol d
ropo
ut r
ates
hav
e be
en m
ade
in
Geo
rgia
dur
ing
the
last
dec
ade.
Mee
ting
the
stat
e an
d na
tiona
l edu
catio
n go
als
for
the
year
200
0 m
eans
focu
sing
not
onl
y on
kee
ping
kid
s in
sch
ool,
but o
n im
prov
ing
the
qual
ity o
f the
edu
catio
n th
ey r
ecei
ve.
103
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
149
HIG
HS
CH
OO
L D
RO
PO
UT
SN
umbe
r an
d P
erce
nt o
f Tee
ns A
ges
16 to
19
Not
Hig
h S
choo
l Gra
duat
es a
nd N
ot in
Sch
ool,
Geo
rgia
,1
980
and
1 99
0
CO
UN
TY
1980
NU
M2
TO
TA
L19
90
NU
M%
WH
ITE
1980
NU
M19
90
NU
M
AF
RIC
AN
-
1980
NU
M
AM
ER
ICA
N19
90
NU
M19
80
CO
UN
TY
NU
N
TO
TA
L
/19
90
NI_
Ili%
WH
ITE
1980
LIU
M.
1990
NU
N
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
80
NU
M19
90
NU
NA
PP
LIN
G20
917
.712
411
.416
.812
.720
.98.
0E
VA
NS
123
18.0
122
20.9
19.0
13.2
16.9
30.1
AT
KIN
SO
N11
020
.077
19.1
22.6
18.1
NA
18.6
FA
NN
IN13
916
.618
920
.116
.620
.1N
AN
AB
AC
ON
127
18.8
8313
.424
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.83.
917
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AY
ET
TE
153
7.5
287
7.1
7.5
7.3
4.1
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R31
11.1
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816
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8218
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ALD
WIN
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ever
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6 to
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ped
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r In
199
0 th
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6,21
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ts.
CO
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RA
TE
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VE
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TR
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OF
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UN
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%
HO
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HE
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986-
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7"In
26
coun
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16%
) th
e dr
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t rat
e m
eets
or is
less
than
the
natio
nal r
ate
of 1
1%.
r' 61
cou
ntie
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r 38
%)
have
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ropo
ut r
ate
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er th
an th
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ate
aver
age
of 1
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.
7 In
28
coun
ties
(or
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)I
in e
very
5 te
ens
ages
16
to 1
9 is
a
high
sch
ool d
ropo
ut.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
107
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
rpn
KM
SM
IINT
1997
SI
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
The
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
livin
g in
pove
rty
is a
n in
dica
tor
of th
e ge
nera
l wel
l-bei
ng o
f
child
ren
in th
e st
ate.
Chi
ldre
n w
ho li
ve in
pov
erty
are
mor
e lik
ely
to h
ave
heal
th
prob
lem
s at
birt
h, la
ck h
ealth
car
e as
they
gro
w, h
ave
limite
d ed
ucat
iona
l
oppo
rtun
ities
and
live
in in
adeq
uate
hou
sing
or
dang
erou
s ne
ighb
orho
ods.
Man
y
child
ren
over
com
e th
ese
odds
to li
ve h
ealth
y an
d pr
oduc
tive
lives
, but
man
y do
not
.
Ove
r 34
0,00
0 ch
ildre
n in
Geo
rgia
live
in p
over
tyI
out o
f 5 c
hild
ren
in th
e
stat
e.
Geo
rgia
's p
rogr
ess
in c
urbi
ng c
hild
pov
erty
ove
r th
e la
st te
n ye
ars
has
been
min
imal
. Whi
le 8
8 of
the
stat
e's
159
coun
ties
redu
ced
thei
r ch
ild p
over
ty r
ate,
in
mor
e th
an 5
0 co
untie
s ov
er 3
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f chi
ldre
n liv
ed in
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erty
in 1
989.
Des
pite
a 5
%
decl
ine
in th
e st
ate'
s ch
ild p
over
ty r
ate
betw
een
1979
and
198
9, th
e ac
tual
num
ber
of
poor
chi
ldre
n in
Geo
rgia
incr
ease
d by
mor
e th
an 1
,000
.
Rac
e an
d ag
e di
ffere
nces
are
not
ewor
thy.
Geo
rgia
's y
oung
est c
hild
ren
are
mos
t lik
ely
to b
e po
or22
% o
f chi
ldre
n un
der
age
6, c
ompa
red
to 1
9% o
f 6-
to 1
7-
year
-ol
ds. F
our
out o
f 10
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
in th
e st
ate
lived
in p
over
ty in
1989
, com
pare
d to
I out
of 1
0 w
hite
chi
ldre
n.
In G
eorg
ia, o
ver
60%
of c
hild
ren
livin
g be
low
the
pove
rty
line
in 1
991
had
a
wor
king
par
ent.
For
95%
of t
hese
chi
ldre
n, th
eir
pare
nt's
sm
all e
arni
ngs
disq
ualif
ied
the
fam
ily fo
r in
com
e su
ppor
ts s
uch
as A
FD
C.
The
fede
ral p
over
ty le
vel i
n 19
92 is
set
at a
n an
nual
inco
me
of $
11,1
40 fo
r a
52K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
108
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
GE
OR
GIA
CH
ILD
RE
N L
IVIN
G IN
PO
VE
RT
Y,
BY
RA
CE
, 191
9 A
ND
198
9
1979
1989
WH
ITE
CH
ILD
RE
NII
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N C
HIL
DR
EN
LI I
in e
very
5 c
hild
ren
inG
eorg
ia li
ves
in p
over
ty.
The
hig
hest
pov
erty
rat
eoc
curs
am
ong
our
youn
gest
citiz
ens
22%
of c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 6
are
poor
as
com
pare
d to
19%
of 6
to 1
7ye
ar o
lds.
109
PE
RC
EN
T O
F P
OO
R C
HIL
DR
EN
IN G
EO
RG
IA
RE
CE
IVIN
G A
FD
C, 1
989*
Rec
eive
AF
DC
53%
Don
't R
ecei
ve A
FD
C 4
7%
* A
FD
CA
id to
Fam
ilies
with
Dep
ende
nt C
hild
ren
Mor
e th
an h
alf o
f the
child
ren
livin
g in
a s
ingl
epa
rent
fam
ily h
eade
d by
a
fem
ale
are
poor
.
A p
aren
t wor
king
full
time,
yea
r ro
und,
ear
ning
the
min
imum
wag
e of
$4.
25/h
our
falls
abo
ut $
2,30
0 be
low
the
pove
rty
leve
l for
a 3
pers
on fa
mily
. 110
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
fam
ily o
f thr
ee. A
thre
e pe
rson
fam
ily w
ith o
ne fu
ll-tim
e, m
inim
um w
age
wor
ker
earn
s
abou
t $2,
300
less
than
pov
erty
leve
l. W
hile
the
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t rec
omm
ends
that
the
cost
of a
fford
able
hou
sing
sho
uld
not e
xcee
d 30
% o
f fam
ily in
com
e, r
ents
in
Geo
rgia
ran
ge fr
om 4
5% o
f min
imum
wag
e in
com
e in
non
-met
ropo
litan
are
as to
as
high
as
78%
in m
etro
polit
an A
tlant
a. M
inim
um w
age
jobs
ofte
n do
not
pro
vide
bene
fits
such
as
child
car
e an
d he
alth
cov
erag
e th
at m
ay b
e es
sent
ial t
o m
aint
aini
ng
empl
oym
ent a
nd s
uppo
rtin
g a
fam
ily.
Wel
fare
ben
efits
do
not n
eces
saril
y re
duce
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
in p
over
ty.
For
mos
t of t
he c
hild
ren
who
rec
eive
d A
FD
C a
nd F
ood
Sta
mps
in G
eorg
ia in
199
1,
the
sum
of t
hese
ben
efits
rai
sed
thei
r fa
mili
es' i
ncom
es u
p to
less
than
two-
third
s of
the
pove
rty
leve
l.
Fam
ily c
ompo
sitio
n al
so im
pact
s ch
ildho
od p
over
ty. F
amili
es h
eade
d by
sin
gle
fem
ales
are
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e po
or th
an a
ny o
ther
fam
ily ty
pe. I
n G
eorg
ia, 2
0% o
f all
fam
ilies
are
hea
ded
by s
ingl
e fe
mal
es a
nd o
ver
half
of th
e ch
ildre
n in
thes
e fa
mili
es a
re
poor
. By
com
paris
on, f
ewer
than
one
-fou
rth
of c
hild
ren
livin
g in
fam
ilies
hea
ded
by
sing
le m
ales
live
in p
over
ty, a
nd o
nly
9% o
f chi
ldre
n in
mar
ried-
coup
le fa
mili
es a
re p
oor.
Gro
win
g up
in p
over
ty c
an r
ob c
hild
ren
of a
fulfi
lling
futu
re. W
hile
Geo
rgia
has
mad
e so
me
prog
ress
in r
educ
ing
child
pov
erty
, adv
ance
s in
edu
catio
n, jo
b tr
aini
ng,
heal
th c
are
acce
ss, a
nd w
age
and
child
sup
port
pol
icie
s w
ill b
e ne
cess
ary
to fu
rthe
r
this
gro
wth
.
111
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
SC
OU
NT
I991
53
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
YN
umbe
r an
d P
erce
nt o
f Chi
ldre
n Li
ving
in P
over
ty, b
y R
ace,
Geo
rgia
,I 9
79 a
nd I
989
CO
UN
TY
1979
NU
MB
ER
UR
ES
TO
TA
L19
89
NU
MB
ER
1NU
MB
ER
...
Z
WH
ITE
1979
1989
ZZ
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
7919
89
Z/
CO
UN
TY
1979
NU
MB
ER
TO
TA
L NU
MB
ER
WH
ITE
1979
1989
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
7919
89
AP
PLI
NG
1866
35.4
1211
26.5
28.6
14.1
54.0
57.2
EV
AN
S94
233
.877
331
.015
.116
.657
.047
.3
AT
KIN
SO
N80
638
.658
531
.533
.625
.6N
A38
.5F
AN
NIN
970
24.4
827
22.5
24.4
22.6
NA
NA
BA
CO
N80
225
.286
931
.621
.218
.940
.575
.7F
AY
ET
TE
474
4.9
483
2.7
4.8
2.2
6.3
10.2
BA
KE
R39
030
.836
934
.612
.620
.5N
A44
.0F
LOY
D34
0215
.635
0818
.310
.812
.839
.842
.5
BA
LDW
IN18
7420
.419
5522
.66.
77.
036
.038
.4F
OR
SY
TH
1045
11.9
840
7.5
11.5
7.6
NA
NA
BA
NK
S30
1I1
.847
417
.410
.416
.5N
A11
.5F
RA
NK
LIN
865
20.4
823
21.3
17.8
16.9
36.3
47.2
BA
RR
OW
1241
19.1
1416
17.3
12.1
13.5
48.1
42.8
FU
LTO
N46
738
29.9
4412
828
.69.
36.
041
.241
.0
BA
RT
OW
1827
14.3
2018
13.3
12.2
11.4
26.7
28.6
GIL
ME
R68
421
.868
120
.721
.920
.8N
AN
AB
EN
HIL
L14
9231
.115
2630
.820
.718
.2N
A48
.9G
LAS
CO
CK
155
24.3
100
18.1
18.1
15.4
49.2
36.8
BE
RR
IEN
918
22.2
938
25.0
19.0
20.4
40.4
48.1
GLY
NN
3461
21.8
3603
22.6
11.8
10.4
42.6
45.9
BIB
B11
594
26.7
1099
928
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.39.
044
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.8G
OR
DO
N12
8213
.512
4113
.312
.112
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.724
.2
BLE
CK
LEY
688
22.1
653
24.0
9.8
11.3
51.3
52.5
GR
AD
Y20
7332
.116
8830
.018
.218
.551
.747
.0
BR
AN
TLE
Y66
522
.368
821
.019
.819
.9N
A12
.8G
RE
EN
E12
8834
.912
2434
.510
.812
.048
.448
.3
BR
OO
KS
2162
42.4
1586
35.1
24.3
14.1
55.9
52.5
GW
INN
ET
T29
625.
543
304.
45.
03.
624
.314
.6
BR
YA
N83
224
.184
717
.217
.99.
839
.453
.4H
AB
ER
SH
AM
1037
15.7
745
11.4
15.5
10.9
26.8
23.1
BU
LLO
CH
2470
25.3
2710
28.3
11.1
13.6
48.9
53.1
HA
LL26
6512
.133
0413
.710
.29.
624
.438
.0
BU
RK
E24
1336
.027
8740
.712
.017
.550
.154
.8H
AN
CO
CK
1625
48.2
1025
37.7
18.6
17.1
52.2
40.0
BU
TT
S87
021
.888
722
.49.
016
.636
.431
.0H
AR
ALS
ON
951
17.5
954
16.7
15.4
15.4
38.6
31.5
CA
LHO
UN
647
34.7
595
40.6
14.6
14.1
44.9
51.9
HA
RR
IS89
019
.674
816
.510
.012
.534
.426
.0
CA
MD
EN
1284
28.8
1297
14.2
19.4
9.2
45.3
33.7
HA
RT
1081
19.2
906
18.7
14.1
12.7
31.1
33.8
CA
ND
LER
851
38.6
668
33.1
24.4
19.4
58.1
54.2
HE
AR
D91
020
.460
324
.113
.920
.443
.644
.6
CA
RR
OLL
3021
18.2
3261
17.4
12.0
13.1
40.8
37.1
HE
NR
Y13
7912
.310
326.
46.
84.
533
.521
.7
CA
TO
OS
A14
7213
.015
9414
.713
.014
.427
.838
.2H
OU
ST
ON
3656
14.7
3975
15.9
6.9
8.3
35.8
34.8
CH
AR
LTO
N68
825
.865
225
.012
.214
.349
.947
.8IR
WIN
969
33.3
937
38.0
12.9
23.3
NA
60.1
CH
AT
HA
MC
HA
TT
AH
OO
CH
EE
1485
3
683
25.1
13.6
1431
9
592
25.5
12.9
9.1
7.5
9.1
I1.0
43.2
27.1
43.3
16.4
JAC
KS
ON
JAS
PE
R
1096
508
14.4
22.0
1388 51
817
.5
21.8
12.7
11.6
17.1
12.1
27.0
33.5
21.1
36.2
CH
AT
TO
OG
A13
9822
.287
515
.820
.713
.532
.536
.4JE
FF
DA
VIS
783
20.9
789
23.5
16.5
17.9
41.3
48.1
CH
ER
OK
EE
2060
12.4
1711
6.8
12.1
6.7
21.9
13.6
JEF
FE
RS
ON
2380
39.0
2311
43.8
13.6
16.0
52.6
58.0
CLA
RK
E31
7519
.846
2126
.47.
610
.539
.246
.3JE
NK
INS
1146
41.1
833
34.2
14.6
15.3
64.5
51.6
CLA
Y58
854
.446
548
.1N
A9.
071
.963
.4JO
HN
SO
N93
734
.775
031
.018
.613
.7N
A51
.4
CLA
YT
ON
4979
10.2
6052
12.0
8.7
9.3
28.1
18.1
JON
ES
989
18.8
737
13.0
8.6
7.9
38.3
26.6
CLI
NC
H79
334
.559
732
.121
.222
.7N
A49
.8LA
MA
R85
623
.270
720
.510
.86.
939
.139
.8
CO
BB
6315
7.4
7491
6.7
5.9
5.0
31.6
18.9
LAN
IER
699
35.9
632
39.8
29.8
34.9
49.8
49.0
CO
FF
EE
2454
28.5
2519
28.7
20.5
18.9
44.2
50.5
LAU
RE
NS
2821
24.7
3214
28.7
10.9
12.5
44.0
51.3
CO
LQU
ITT
2679
23.7
3166
31.4
12.9
15.3
47.0
63.1
LEE
759
19.4
778
14.9
8.0
8.5
52.1
43.7
CO
LUM
BIA
1704
12.8
1698
8.4
9.0
6.2
34.1
27.8
LIB
ER
TY
2935
26.9
3609
23.0
17.0
15.9
43.0
31.1
CO
OK
1075
23.9
1179
31.1
10.2
16.6
45.1
54.1
LIN
CO
LN53
626
.243
922
.014
.78.
2N
A38
.3
CO
WE
TA
2725
22.1
2488
16.4
11.4
7.8
44.3
38.7
LON
G48
432
.353
630
.523
.825
.348
.744
.7
CR
AW
FO
RD
572
225
424
16.6
10.4
6.8
36.9
35.7
LOW
N D
ES
5084
24.1
5638
27.2
11.2
12.3
44.5
48.2
CR
ISP
2430
38.1
2529
42.3
16.9
12.8
59.1
67.2
LUM
PK
IN53
618
.659
717
.019
.317
.60.
00.
0
DA
DE
731
19.5
556
16.7
19.8
16.4
0.0
0.0
MA
CO
N20
3742
.915
7538
.714
.513
.558
.450
.5
DA
WS
ON
332
22.7
450
17.6
20.7
17.9
NA
0.0
MA
DIS
ON
969
17.7
1143
20.6
15.4
17.8
31.6
44.2
DE
CA
TU
R26
3630
.923
2031
.014
.613
.648
.449
.4M
AR
ION
643
36.4
567
35.9
25.2
23.2
NA
47.4
DE
KA
LB16
271
12.3
1850
514
.45.
15.
524
.420
.5M
CD
UF
FIE
1389
23.8
1777
30.7
12.4
10.9
38.5
54.8
DO
DG
E17
8033
.412
7628
.019
.113
.458
.557
.3M
CIN
TO
SH
1080
39.9
662
28.0
28.2
22.8
50.9
32.9
DO
OLY
DO
UG
HE
RT
Y14
69
9360
41.2
27.8
1216
1027
6
40.2
35.3
17.1 9.7
11.9
9.2
54.7
45.7
58.5
51.5
ME
RIW
ET
HE
R
MIL
LER
1644
752
24.0
33.3
2012
2 471
31.2
27.8
10.0
23.9
18.7
21.4
36.0
NA
41.5
39.5
DO
UG
LAS
1617
8.7
;16
328.
37.
16.
032
.828
.7.
MIT
CH
ELL
2917
38.7
2567
40.7
17.1
16.5
54.3
58.2
EA
RLY
1907
41.9
1488
43.0
16.5
17.6
64.5
63.4
'M
ON
RO
E88
520
.778
817
.211
.68.
232
.334
.2
EC
HO
LS23
630
.5;
117
165
20.9
15.6
59.9
20.0
;M
ON
TG
OM
ER
Y64
031
.362
634
.516
.019
.456
.158
.9
EF
FIN
GH
AM
1282
205
1294
163
12.0
10.2
50.4
45.3
MO
RG
AN
1109
29.0
567
15.9
13.4
9.5
NA
26.0
ELB
ER
T-:
1349
:, .'
243
'12
5825
.010
.214
546
.241
.4'
MU
RR
AY
1156
I8.1
. 913
113
17.9
11.2
'N
A10
0.0
EM
AN
UE
L21
9132
.6I
2149
34.8
21.7
15.9
47.9
58.4
:M
US
CO
GE
E11
862
24.4
1346
228
.211
.912
.641
.745
.1
112
54K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
113
NA
= N
ot A
pplic
able
r- CT
,.....
.1,..
,n n
...,..
.....,
,c.
1979
CO
UN
TY
NU
MB
ER
...L.
-L.
TO
TA
L19
89
%N
UM
BE
RI
'
.,-
WH
ITE
1979
1989
XX
AF
RIC
AN
-AM
ER
ICA
N19
7919
89 ..
..
%X
NE
WT
ON
2038
18.4
2334
20.0
10.0
12.4
37.8
39.8
-
CT
OC
ON
EE
372
10.0
461'
9.1
9.5
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13.8
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OG
LET
HO
RP
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623
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1018
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1733
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LAS
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866
32.0
710
32.7
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AM
758
24.6
843
23.3
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34.0
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ITM
AN
371
49.9
262
46.0
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16.1
60.5
61.9
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AB
UN
489
18.0
384
15.5
18.0
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0.0
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DO
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1180
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49.3
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990
23.9
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1118
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41.3
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INO
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3398
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22.7
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EP
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NS
985
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6.0
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AY
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ELF
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1159
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1614
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IFT
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2403
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014
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.814
.3N
AN
AT
RE
UT
LEN
718
35.7
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57.8
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19.3
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ION
795
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UP
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N11
0315
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612
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ER
2190
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242
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.6-.
WA
RE
3133
27.1
2684
29.1
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RR
EN
711
33.9
804
47.5
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30.3
42.6
53.4
WA
SH
ING
TO
N18
9231
.014
7426
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79.
045
.638
.7W
AY
NE
1447
22.3
1820
28.2
13.4
18.8
52.5
55.7
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BS
TE
R28
637
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929
.018
.09.
351
.145
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HE
ELE
R64
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E42
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914
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739
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FIE
LD28
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.124
2513
.113
.511
.817
.431
.2W
ILC
OX
851
37.5
771
39.1
21.5
18.6
NA
68.6
WIL
KE
S73
823
378
228
.310
.27.
6N
A45
.4W
ILK
INS
ON
727
20.9
660
22.6
10.4
8.7
NA
35.8
' WO
RT
H17
3729
.022
0736
.913
.615
.550
.668
.9G
A T
OT
AL
3419
1421
.134
3068
20.1
11.0
9.9
41.6
40.0
114
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
=T
IME
NU
MB
ER
S=
Us
GE
OR
GIA
TR
EN
D O
VE
R T
HE
198
0'S
= 5
%D
EC
LIN
EE
llIn
197
9 th
e ch
ildpo
vert
y ra
te in
Geo
rgia
was
21.
1%.
Whi
le th
is r
ate
decl
ined
5%
durin
g th
e de
cade
to 2
0.1%
, the
actu
al n
umbe
r of
poor
chi
ldre
n in
crea
sed
from
341
,914
in 1
979
to34
3,06
8 in
198
9.
CO
UN
TY
RA
TE
S O
VE
R T
HE
198
0's
TR
EN
D#
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S%
OF
CO
UN
TIE
S
Dec
line
8855
%
Incr
ease
7145
%
HO
W T
HE
CO
UN
TIE
S L
OO
K: 1
989
49 c
ount
ies
(or
31%
) ha
ve c
hild
pove
rty
rate
s lo
wer
than
the
US
aver
age
of 1
8%.
n 55
cou
ntie
s(o
r 35
%)
have
chi
ld p
over
ty r
ates
low
er th
an th
e
Geo
rgia
ave
rage
of 2
0.1%
.
11 In
36
coun
ties
(or
23%
) at
leas
tI
ofev
ery
3 ch
ildre
n is
livi
ng in
pove
rty.
RP
M-
rnpv
1 M
U A
LQI e
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
255
4-11
'
S
WH
O A
RE
GE
OR
GIA
'S F
AM
ILIE
S?
We
can'
t tal
k ab
out c
hild
ren
with
out t
alki
ng a
bout
fam
ilies
. Fam
ilies
sha
pe th
e ph
ysic
al, e
mot
iona
l and
inte
llect
ual d
evel
opm
ent o
four
chi
ldre
n. It
is
larg
ely
thro
ugh
fam
ilies
that
chi
ldre
n m
eet t
heir
basi
c ne
eds
for
shel
ter,
nou
rishm
ent a
nd p
rote
ctio
n, a
nd le
arn
the
valu
es th
at s
hape
thei
r ad
ult
lives
.
Ove
r th
e la
st d
ecad
e, fa
mili
es h
ave
been
cha
ngin
g in
Geo
rgia
. Whi
le m
ost o
f Geo
rgia
's c
hild
ren
live
with
two
pare
nts,
few
er a
re li
ving
in
"tra
ditio
nal"
setti
ngs:
mot
her,
fath
er a
nd c
hild
ren
in o
ne h
ouse
hold
with
mot
her
at h
ome
and
fath
er in
the
wor
kfor
ce. M
ore
child
ren
are
livin
g
inst
ead
with
two
empl
oyed
par
ents
, or
with
a s
ingl
e pa
rent
, a s
tep-
pare
nt, a
gra
ndpa
rent
or
anot
her
rela
tive.
Man
y ch
ildre
n ar
e liv
ing
with
out a
ny
rela
tives
at a
ll, in
fost
er c
are
or in
stitu
tiona
l set
tings
. No
mat
ter
wha
t the
arr
ange
men
t, a
grow
ing
num
ber
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
n liv
e in
fam
ily s
ettin
gs
whe
re th
eir
pare
nts
or o
ther
car
etak
ers
wor
k ou
tsid
e of
the
hom
e. S
ingl
e an
d m
arrie
d m
othe
rs in
Geo
rgia
are
join
ing
the
wor
kfor
ce in
incr
easi
ng
num
bers
, eith
er to
fulfi
ll th
eir
pers
onal
goa
ls, o
r in
res
pons
e to
eco
nom
ic p
ress
ures
, or
both
.
Cha
nges
in fa
mily
inco
mes
ove
r th
e de
cade
are
als
o sh
apin
g th
e qu
ality
of l
ife fo
r ch
ildre
n. M
edia
n fa
mily
inco
mes
for
all h
ouse
hold
s in
Geo
rgia
are
up.
In fa
ct, G
eorg
ia le
ads
the
Sou
thea
st in
eco
nom
ic p
rosp
erity
for
fam
ilies
. Yet
pov
erty
rem
ains
a r
ealit
y fo
r m
any
of G
eorg
ia's
fam
ilies
and
child
ren,
as
raci
al, g
ende
r an
d ge
ogra
phic
diff
eren
ces
cont
inue
to w
iden
the
inco
me
gaps
in th
is s
tate
.
The
cha
ngin
g fa
ce o
f fam
ily li
fe in
Geo
rgia
sug
gest
s a
need
for
broa
d in
itiat
ives
in c
hild
sup
port
rec
over
y, w
orkp
lace
ben
efits
and
leav
e
polic
ies,
chi
ld c
are,
ear
ly e
duca
tion,
voc
atio
nal t
rain
ing
and
expa
nded
acc
ess
to h
ealth
car
e. M
akin
g th
e ne
eds
of fa
mili
es a
top
prio
rity
in G
eorg
ia
can
cont
ribut
e si
gnifi
cant
ly to
ens
urin
g th
e w
ell-b
eing
of c
hild
ren.
118
58K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
119
FAM
ILY
SMIN
GS
FA
MIL
Y S
ET
TIN
GS
FO
R C
HIL
DR
EN
IN G
EO
RG
IA,
1990
Tw
o-P
aren
t Fam
ilies
66%
Oth
er S
ituat
ions
2%
Oth
er R
elat
ive
Fam
ilies
10%
Fat
her-
Onl
y F
amili
es 4
%M
othe
r-O
nly
Fam
ilies
19%
23%
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
nliv
e w
ith a
sin
gle
pare
nt.
Of t
he c
hild
ren
livin
g in
sing
le-p
aren
t fam
ilies
in
Geo
rgia
, 83%
live
d w
ith a
fem
ale
head
of h
ouse
hold
.
120
'INU
SP
IMM
OV
IRP
TIM
11,.,
Cha
nges
in fa
mily
str
uctu
re in
Geo
rgia
dur
ing
the
last
dec
ade
are
nota
ble.
Whi
le th
e
maj
ority
of t
he s
tate
's c
hild
ren
lived
in tw
o-pa
rent
fam
ilies
in 1
990,
mor
e th
anI o
ut
of e
very
5 c
hild
ren
lived
with
one
par
ent
as a
res
ult o
f eith
er u
nmar
ried
pare
ntho
od,
wid
owho
od o
r di
vorc
e. T
his
repr
esen
ted
an in
crea
se o
f alm
ost 2
0% d
urin
gth
e
1980
's. O
f the
chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in s
ingl
e-pa
rent
fam
ilies
in G
eorg
ia, 8
3%liv
ed w
ith a
fem
ale
head
of h
ouse
hold
.
Alth
ough
mos
t fam
ilies
exp
erie
nce
soci
al a
nd e
cono
mic
pro
blem
sat
som
e
time,
sin
gle-
pare
nt fa
mili
es, p
artic
ular
ly th
ose
head
ed b
yw
omen
, are
ofte
n th
e m
ost
stre
ssed
. Wom
en g
ener
ally
hav
e lo
wer
wag
es th
anm
en, a
nd g
aps
in th
e av
aila
bilit
y of
child
and
hea
lth c
are
ofte
n le
ave
sing
le-f
emal
e pa
rent
s sh
ort o
f tim
ean
d m
oney
. The
resu
lt is
that
pov
erty
, lac
k of
edu
catio
nal a
nd o
ccup
atio
nal a
chie
vem
ent,
poor
hea
lth
and
juve
nile
del
inqu
ency
are
see
n w
ithm
ore
freq
uenc
y in
sin
gle-
fem
ale-
head
ed
fam
ilies
. Eco
nom
ic a
nd s
ocia
l pre
ssur
es h
ave
mad
e it
mor
e an
d m
ore
nece
ssar
y fo
r
fam
ilies
to "
team
up"
. In
1990
, ove
r 10
0,00
0 G
eorg
ia c
hild
ren
lived
with
a si
ngle
pare
nt in
the
hous
ehol
d of
a r
elat
ive,
an
incr
ease
of 1
44%
over
the
deca
de.
Ano
ther
incr
easi
ngly
com
mon
fam
ily e
nviro
nmen
t is
crea
ted
whe
nte
enag
ers
beco
me
pare
nts.
Clo
se to
7,0
00 g
irls
unde
rag
e 18
bec
ame
mot
hers
in G
eorg
ia in
1990
. Whi
le m
ost t
eena
ge p
aren
ts g
et h
elp
rais
ing
thei
rch
ildre
n, m
any
of th
e
121
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
259
FAM
ILY
SET
TIN
GS
prob
lem
s th
at o
ften
face
sin
gle-
pare
nt fa
mili
es a
re e
ven
mor
e co
mm
on w
hen
a
teen
ager
is th
e pa
rent
. As
a co
nseq
uenc
e, c
hild
ren
in th
ese
fam
ilies
are
at i
ncre
ased
risk
in te
rms
of th
eir
daily
hea
lth a
nd d
evel
opm
ent a
nd th
eir
futu
re s
ucce
ss.
App
roxi
mat
ely
10%
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
n liv
e in
hou
seho
lds
head
ed b
y
a re
lativ
e ot
her
than
thei
r pa
rent
, and
this
num
ber
has
rem
aine
d co
nsta
nt o
ver
the
last
ten
year
s. S
ome
child
ren
are
unab
le to
live
with
any
mem
ber
of th
eir
natu
ral
fam
ily. A
t any
poi
nt in
tim
e in
1991
, abo
ut 4
00 G
eorg
ia c
hild
ren
wer
e w
aitin
g fo
r
perm
anen
t ado
ptiv
e ho
mes
. In
a gi
ven
mon
th, a
ppro
xim
atel
y 9,
000
child
ren
wer
e in
fost
er c
are
and
600
wer
e in
gro
up h
omes
or
resi
dent
ial t
hera
peut
ic p
lace
men
ts. T
he
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
in th
ese
fost
er c
are
arra
ngem
ents
in G
eorg
ia in
crea
sed
45%
ove
r
the
last
5 y
ears
.
Alth
ough
the
maj
ority
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
n co
ntin
ue to
live
in tw
o-pa
rent
fam
ilies
, inc
reas
ing
num
bers
of c
hild
ren
will
spe
nd a
por
tion
of th
eir
life
in o
ther
fam
ily
setti
ngs.
Wha
teve
r th
e ar
rang
emen
t, pa
rent
s w
ant t
o ca
re fo
r th
eir
child
ren,
and
mos
t
rely
on
a ra
nge
of p
rivat
e an
d pu
blic
sup
port
s to
do
it w
ell.
Whe
n lo
okin
g at
cha
nges
in th
e fa
mily
, the
key
is n
ot s
o m
uch
who
the
pare
nts
are,
but
wha
t res
ourc
es,
supp
ort n
etw
orks
and
ser
vice
s ar
e av
aila
ble
to e
nabl
e th
em to
car
ry o
ut th
e
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of p
aren
ting.
122
60K
IDS
CO
UN
T19
92G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
n
(RA
NG
ES
IN F
AM
ILY
SE
TT
ING
S IN
GE
OR
GIA
,
1980
AN
D 1
990
80%
60%
40%
20% 0%
70%
10%
10%
2% 2
%
Tw
o-P
aren
tS
ingl
e-P
aren
tR
elat
ive-
Oth
erF
amili
esF
amili
esH
eade
d F
amili
esS
ituat
ions
1980
II 19
90
L. E
very
mon
th c
lose
to10
,000
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
nar
e liv
ing
in fo
ster
car
e or
inst
itutio
ns.
L. N
early
7,0
00 g
irls
unde
rag
e I8
bec
ame
mot
hers
inG
eorg
ia in
199
0. 123
HIM
ILT
I I
IMO
Num
ber
and
Per
cent
of C
hild
ren,
by
Fam
ily S
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Geo
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ST C
OPY
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ILD
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3639
02.
1
129
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
7
FA
MIL
YIN
CO
ME
tfhe
med
ian
inco
me
for
all f
amili
es in
Geo
rgia
, bot
h w
ith a
nd w
ithou
t chi
ldre
n,ro
se
17%
dur
ing
the
1980
's, f
rom
$28
,559
(in
198
9 do
llars
) to
$33
,529
ten
year
s la
ter.
Med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e in
the
natio
n in
crea
sed
11%
dur
ing
this
per
iod,
and
by
1989
,
Geo
rgia
sur
pass
ed a
ll bu
t tw
o S
outh
ern
stat
es in
med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e.
Des
pite
sta
tew
ide
econ
omic
gro
wth
dur
ing
the
1980
's, i
ncom
e di
spar
ities
pers
iste
d am
ong
Geo
rgia
fam
ilies
. Geo
rgia
had
the
10th
wid
est g
ap in
the
natio
n
betw
een
its h
ighe
st a
nd lo
wes
t inc
ome
fam
ilies
, and
the
I Ith
wid
est g
ap b
etw
een
its
high
est a
nd it
s m
iddl
e in
com
e fa
mili
es. T
he a
vera
ge in
com
e of
the
wea
lthie
st fa
mili
es
in G
eorg
ia w
as h
ighe
r th
an th
e up
per
leve
l inc
omes
in 3
7 st
ates
. Yet
mid
dle
inco
me
fam
ilies
in G
eorg
ia e
arne
d le
ss th
an m
iddl
e in
com
e fa
mili
es in
all
but 1
3 st
ates
.
Diff
eren
ces
in a
vera
ge fa
mily
inco
me
wer
e al
so n
otab
le a
mon
g th
ose
fam
ilies
with
thei
r ow
n ch
ildre
n liv
ing
at h
ome
abou
t hal
f of G
eorg
ia's
fam
ilies
. Mar
ried-
coup
le fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
had
the
high
est a
vera
ge in
com
e, m
ore
than
200
% h
ighe
r
than
fam
ilies
hea
ded
by s
ingl
e w
omen
and
mor
e th
an 8
0% h
ighe
r th
an fa
mili
es
head
ed b
y si
ngle
men
.
Whi
le th
ese
disp
ariti
es a
re s
trik
ing
in a
nd o
f the
mse
lves
, the
y ar
e al
so e
vide
nt
at th
e co
unty
leve
l. In
134
of G
eorg
ia's
159
cou
ntie
s, th
e av
erag
e in
com
e in
a fe
mal
e-
head
ed fa
mily
with
chi
ldre
n w
as le
ss th
an h
alf o
f the
med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e fo
r th
e
stat
e. T
he h
ighe
st a
vera
ge in
com
e fo
r fa
mili
es h
eade
d by
sin
gle
wom
en
130
gw
ow r
nmeT
men
r
AV
ER
AG
E IN
CO
ME
S F
OR
FA
MIL
IES
WIT
H
CH
ILD
RE
N B
Y F
AM
ILY
TY
PE
, GE
OR
GIA
, 198
9
$50,
000
$40,
000
$30,
000
$20,
000
$10,
000
$0
$47.
685
$26,
156
$15,
415
Mar
ried
Cou
ple
Sin
gle
Mal
eS
ingl
e F
emal
e
With
Chi
ldre
nW
ith C
hild
ren
With
Chi
ldre
n
L T
he m
edia
n fa
mily
inco
me
incr
ease
d 17
% d
urin
g th
e
1980
's.
EL
4G
eorg
ia h
ad th
e 10
thw
ides
t inc
ome
gap
in th
ena
tion
betw
een
rich
and
poor
fam
ilies
, and
the
I I th
wid
est g
ap b
etw
een
rich
and
mid
dle
clas
s fa
mili
es in
the
late
198
0's.
131
FA
MIL
Y IN
CO
ME
7"77
-77
SH
AR
E O
F G
EO
RG
IA R
OM
E H
ELD
BY
FA
MIL
IES
IN E
AC
H IN
CO
ME
FIF
TH
, LA
TE
198
0'S
Nex
t Ric
hest
25%
Ric
hest
44%
Mid
dle
17%
Poo
rest
4%
Nex
t Poo
rest
II %
16%
of G
eorg
ia's
fam
ilies
are
poor
.
Geo
rgia
's "
Sta
ndar
d of
Nee
d" is
46.
4%, m
eani
ngth
at a
fam
ily e
arni
ng m
ore
than
46.
4% o
f the
pov
erty
leve
l is
inel
igib
le fo
r an
y
finan
cial
ass
ista
nce.
132
($25
,518
/yea
r) w
as le
ss th
an th
e lo
wes
t ave
rage
inco
me
for
fam
ilies
with
chi
ldre
n
head
ed b
y a
mar
ried
coup
le (
$26,
395/
year
). In
72
coun
ties
the
aver
age
inco
me
for
fam
ilies
with
chi
ldre
n he
aded
by
wom
en w
as le
ss th
an $
12,0
00/y
ear,
whi
le th
is w
as tr
ue
for
fam
ilies
with
chi
ldre
n he
aded
by
men
in o
nly
10 c
ount
ies.
Des
pite
new
foun
d ec
onom
ic p
rosp
erity
for
som
e of
Geo
rgia
's fa
mili
es, 1
6%
rem
ain
in p
over
ty. I
n 19
89,
Iin
5 G
eorg
ia c
hild
ren
lived
in a
fam
ily e
arni
ng le
ss th
an
the
fede
ral p
over
ty le
vel (
$ I 2
,675
/yea
r fo
r a
fam
ily o
f fou
r).
The
maj
ority
of G
eorg
ia's
poo
r ch
ildre
n liv
e in
fam
ilies
with
a w
orki
ng a
dult.
The
y re
mai
n po
or in
larg
e pa
rt b
ecau
se o
f low
wag
es. A
lthou
gh m
inim
um w
age
rose
incr
emen
tally
ove
r th
e 19
80's
, a fu
ll-tim
e m
inim
um w
age
wor
ker
still
ear
ned
abou
t
two-
third
s of
the
pove
rty
leve
l.
Alth
ough
they
live
in p
over
ty, m
any
fam
ilies
are
not
elig
ible
for
finan
cial
assi
stan
ce. T
he "
Sta
ndar
d of
Nee
d,"
or th
e in
com
e le
vel b
elow
whi
ch fa
mili
es a
re
elig
ible
for
finan
cial
sup
port
, was
set
at 4
6.4%
of t
he p
over
ty le
vel i
n G
eorg
ia in
Oct
ober
, 199
1.
Incr
ease
s in
the
med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e in
Geo
rgia
dur
ing
the
1980
's h
ave
elev
ated
the
stat
e's
stat
us in
the
Sou
th a
nd in
the
natio
n. Y
et w
iden
ing
inco
me
gaps
unde
rmin
e th
is p
rogr
ess.
133
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
165
FAM
ILY
IN
CO
ME
Med
ian
Fam
ily In
com
e, in
1 98
9 do
llars
, Geo
rgia
, 1 9
79 a
nd 1
989
CO
UN
TY
1979
1 98
9C
OU
NT
Y19
89C
OU
NT
Y19
7919
89
AP
PLI
NG
$20,
384
$26,
203
EV
AN
S$2
0,08
3$2
4,97
5N
EW
TO
N$2
8,53
3$3
1.80
3A
TK
INS
ON
$18,
522
$21.
441
FA
NN
IN$1
9,62
9$2
2.61
9O
CO
NE
E$3
2,31
0$3
8,41
7B
AC
ON
$22,
204
$23,
366
FA
YE
TT
E$4
4.18
0$5
3.84
5O
GLE
TH
OR
PE
$24,
710
$28.
175
BA
KE
R$2
1,03
0$2
2,50
0F
LOY
D$2
8,34
9$3
0,99
8P
AU
LDIN
G$2
8,44
3$3
5,66
7B
ALD
WIN
$28,
853
$31.
216
FO
RS
YT
H$3
0,39
1$4
0,71
8P
EA
CH
$25,
084
$30.
436
BA
NK
S$2
4,71
6$2
8.21
2F
RA
NK
LIN
$22,
773
$27,
517
PIC
KE
NS
$23,
690
$27.
790
BA
RR
OW
$26,
914
$30.
922
FU
LTO
N$2
8,59
7$3
6,58
2P
IER
CE
$22,
196
$253
73B
AR
TO
W$2
7,11
2$3
1,29
1G
ILM
ER
$21,
758
$24,
888
PIK
E$2
8,93
6$3
2.39
9B
EN
HIL
L$2
1,25
3$2
2,04
7G
LAS
CO
CK
$23,
627
$25.
857
PO
LK$2
5,80
7$2
7,89
6B
ER
RIE
N$2
2,77
3$2
4,83
9G
LYN
N$2
9,01
0$3
2,58
6P
ULA
SK
I$2
3,61
6$2
8.51
4B
IBB
$28,
301
$31,
903
GO
RD
ON
$26,
165
$31,
331
PU
TN
AM
$27,
406
$28.
925
BLE
CK
LEY
$27,
616
$29,
082
GR
AD
Y$2
0.99
7$2
2,73
9Q
UIT
MA
N$1
6,16
2$1
8,14
0B
RA
NT
LEY
$23,
055
$25,
117
GR
EE
NE
$20,
794
$23,
963
RA
BU
N$2
1,87
1$2
4.23
3B
RO
OK
S$1
9,01
7$2
3,83
5G
WIN
NE
TT
$39,
896
$48,
000
RA
ND
OLP
H$1
9,26
7$1
7,22
1B
RY
AN
$25.
451
$31,
709
HA
BE
RS
HA
M$2
4,30
0$2
8,82
4R
ICH
MO
ND
$26,
230
$29,
607
BU
LLO
CH
$24,
598
$27,
782
HA
LL$2
9,22
0$3
4,14
7R
OC
KD
ALE
$36,
700
$42,
838
BU
RK
E$2
1,05
4$2
1,34
9H
AN
CO
CK
$18,
696
$21,
798
SC
HLE
Y$2
2,59
6$2
6,89
5B
UT
TS
$26,
432
$27,
441
HA
RA
LSO
N$2
5,22
0$2
7,02
7S
CR
EV
EN
$18,
076
$25,
154
CA
LHO
UN
$20,
995
$18,
479
HA
RR
IS$2
8,41
8$3
0,56
5S
EM
INO
LE$2
1,72
8$2
2.40
1C
AM
DE
N$2
5,99
7$3
0,48
4H
AR
T$2
4,08
8$2
7,56
1S
PA
LDIN
G$2
6,06
3$2
9,93
6C
AN
DLE
R$1
9,52
9$2
4,24
5H
EA
RD
$23.
870
$25.
066
ST
EP
HE
NS
$24,
828
$27,
768
CA
RR
OLL
$26,
786
$30.
096
HE
NR
Y$3
3.85
6$4
0,73
3S
TE
WA
RT
$16,
356
$19,
500
CA
TO
OS
A$2
9,33
3$2
9.65
7H
OU
ST
ON
$33,
838
$35,
300
SU
MT
ER
$24,
328
$25,
676
CH
AR
LTO
N$2
3.58
0$2
5.77
3IR
WIN
$20.
011
$23.
512
TA
LBO
T$2
3,06
7$2
3,05
4C
HA
TH
AM
$28.
210
$31,
826
AC
KS
ON
$25,
174
$28.
675
TA
LIA
FE
RR
O$1
7,49
6$1
7,84
7C
HA
TT
AH
OO
CH
E$2
3,11
3$2
5,96
1A
SP
ER
$23,
849
$29,
346
TA
TT
NA
LL$1
8,45
0$2
3.72
6C
HA
TT
OO
GA
$24,
1 19
$24,
851
EF
F D
AV
IS$2
5,13
5$2
4,26
4T
AY
LOR
$22,
924
$22,
423
CH
ER
OK
EE
$31,
249
$41,
762
EF
FE
RS
ON
$19,
580
$21,
416
TE
LFA
IR$1
9,39
3$2
0.45
3C
LAR
KE
$28,
065
$30,
919
EN
KIN
S$1
8,47
0$2
2,23
0T
ER
RE
LL$2
1,46
1$2
1,53
8C
LAY
$16,
141
$16,
180
OH
NS
ON
$21,
445
$22,
540
TH
OM
AS
$23,
814
$25,
598
CLA
YT
ON
$35,
509
$36.
925
ON
ES
$30.
178
$35,
598
TIF
T$2
3,71
1$2
6,57
8C
LIN
CH
$21,
846
$21,
076
LAM
AR
$26.
053
$26,
201
TO
OM
BS
$20.
425
$25.
245
CO
BB
$39,
119
$48,
415
LAN
IER
$20,
367
$20,
280
TO
WN
S$1
8,04
7$2
3,11
4C
OF
FE
E$2
0,74
8$2
4,53
5LA
UR
EN
S$2
4,50
5$2
6,94
4T
RE
UT
LEN
$20,
480
$21,
404
CO
LQU
ITT
$23,
073
$24,
607
LEE
$32,
679
$34,
112
TR
OU
P$2
6,26
8$3
0.07
2C
OLU
MB
IA$3
3,03
0$4
2,92
4LI
BE
RT
Y$1
9,77
0$2
2,12
3T
UR
NE
R$2
1,29
0$2
2,33
0C
OO
K$2
2,10
2$2
4,16
9LI
NC
OLN
$25,
520
$25,
733
TW
IGG
S$2
4,88
4$2
2,86
7C
OW
ET
A$2
9,35
8$3
6,17
6LO
NG
$20,
149
$20,
500
UN
ION
$16,
936
$24,
334
CR
AW
FO
RD
$27,
883
$30,
071
LOW
N D
ES
$24,
374
$28,
007
UP
SO
N$2
5,69
7$2
7,44
6C
RIS
P$2
3,08
6$2
3.05
1LU
MP
KIN
$23,
I 99
$30,
417
WA
LKE
R$2
6,47
8$2
8,25
0D
AD
E$2
4,90
0$2
4.05
1M
AC
ON
$19,
562
$21,
908
WA
LTO
N$2
6,42
0$3
1,65
9D
AW
SO
N$2
3,12
9$3
0,51
9M
AD
ISO
N$2
3,60
5$3
0,06
5W
AR
E$2
4,17
5$2
5,18
3D
EC
AT
UR
$23,
058
$24,
407
MA
RIO
N$1
9,74
6$2
0,90
4W
AR
RE
N$2
0,86
4$2
1,32
5D
EK
ALB
$37,
943
$41,
495
MC
DU
FF
IE$2
4,38
4$2
6,44
4W
AS
HIN
GT
ON
$22,
598
$25,
466
DO
DG
E$2
1,50
9$2
4,51
4M
CIN
TO
SH
$19,
332
$24,
1 I 7
WA
YN
E$2
3,65
0$2
7.58
2D
OO
LY$2
0,24
1$2
1,51
3M
ER
IWE
TH
ER
$24,
959
$23,
867
WE
BS
TE
R$1
9,29
0$2
2,05
4D
OU
GH
ER
TY
$28,
915
$28,
235
MIL
LER
$21,
125
$25,
586
WH
EE
LER
$16,
941
$21,
008
DO
UG
LAS
$34,
638
$40,
497
MIT
CH
ELL
$23,
437
$21,
961
WH
ITE
$24,
490
$27,
830
EA
RLY
$21,
100
$20,
313
MO
NR
OE
$26,
499
$32,
127
WH
ITF
IELD
$29,
545
$32,
423
EC
HO
LS$2
1,66
8$2
4,41
3M
ON
TG
OM
ER
Y$2
0,00
6$2
5,12
4W
ILC
OX
$21,
763
$22,
356
EF
FIN
GH
AM
$28,
664
$32,
364
MO
RG
AN
$25,
658
$30,
628
WIL
KE
S$2
3,59
5$2
3,91
3E
LBE
RT
,$2
3,78
2$2
4,07
0M
UR
RA
Y$2
7,30
9$2
9,70
8W
ILK
INS
ON
-$2
7,15
0$3
0,36
0E
MA
NU
EL
$2 I
,058
$22,
692
MU
SC
OG
EE
$25,
710
$28,
565
WO
RT
H'
$24,
807
$25,
713
GA
TO
TA
L-
$28,
559
$33,
529
134
66.
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
2G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
nB
EST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
E13
5
Ca?
FA
MIL
Y IN
CO
ME
Ave
rage
Inco
mes
of F
amili
es w
ith C
hild
ren
unde
r A
ge 1
8, in
Geo
rgia
, 198
9
CO
UN
TY
MA
RR
IED
CO
UP
LE
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
E
MA
LE
HE
AD
OF
HO
US
EH
OLD
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
E
FE
MA
LE
HE
AD
OF
HO
US
EH
OLD
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
EC
OU
NT
Y
MA
RR
IED
CO
UP
LE
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
E
MA
LE
HE
AD
OF
HO
US
EH
OLD
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
E
FE
MA
LE
HE
AD
OF
HO
US
EH
OLD
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
EA
PP
LIN
G17
28$3
6,62
987
$20,
702
416
$17,
312
EV
AN
S86
5$3
7,77
326
$23,
523
281
$11,
989
AT
KIN
SO
N63
6$2
9,00
961
$13,
319
164
$11,
408
FA
NN
IN17
94$3
0,81
982
$ 8,
762
223
$11,
093
BA
CO
N99
0$3
4,55
248
$11,
648
327
$7,9
60F
AY
ET
TE
8913
$63,
426
216
$45,
313
687
$25.
055
BA
KE
R31
1$3
7,24
221
$15,
981
115
$12,
330
FLO
YD
7951
$40,
931
290
$39,
157
1934
$14,
009
BA
LDW
IN27
50$4
4,22
115
7$1
9,35
812
98$1
5,26
0F
OR
SY
TH
5598
$47,
339
174
$35,
497
433
$20,
974
BA
NK
S13
07$3
3,31
450
$27,
525
160
$13,
855
FR
AN
KU
N17
61$3
5,35
861
$15,
866
318
$12,
563
BA
RR
OW
3446
$37,
857
168
$20,
360
623
$16.
421
FU
LTO
N44
893
$74,
399
3509
$28.
495
2779
7$1
5,67
1
BA
RT
OW
6598
$38,
238
310
$25,
159
1044
$16,
280
GIL
ME
R15
53$3
0,56
751
$19,
231
192
$10,
693
BE
N H
ILL
1646
$34,
555
113
$21,
448
586
$10.
880
GLA
SC
OC
K25
5$3
1,23
512
$17,
538
44$1
0,45
6
BE
RR
IEN
1581
$32,
798
51$1
5,82
139
2$1
2,61
1G
LYN
N57
13$4
3,73
932
3$2
4,17
118
64$1
4,84
0
BIB
B12
351
$52.
533
647
$27,
230
6085
$13,
229
GO
RD
ON
4218
$38,
867
142
$20,
418
680
$17,
522
BLE
CK
LEY
1016
$39,
828
30$1
0,98
229
6$1
4,18
4G
RA
DY
2080
$32,
180
57$9
,884
589
$11,
552
BR
AN
TLE
Y13
80$3
2,17
235
$22,
1 10
226
$1 1
,432
GR
EE
NE
955
$39.
358
61$2
0,27
045
4$1
2,70
9
BR
OO
KS
1366
$32,
712
85$1
2,68
644
7$1
0,38
7G
WIN
NE
TT
4722
3$5
7,14
114
11$3
3,36
860
87$2
5,51
8
BR
YA
N20
84$4
3,15
157
$29,
449
317
$12,
858
HA
BE
RS
HA
M29
40$3
7,34
013
7$2
6.05
743
8$1
5,30
7
BU
LLO
CH
3614
$37,
470
176
$15,
429
1044
$13,
009
HA
LL10
554
$44,
852
418
$30,
959
1887
$17,
853
BU
RK
E17
41$3
4,71
914
4$1
7,62
610
29$9
,652
HA
NC
OC
K55
0$3
5,88
567
$21,
742
443
$12,
069
BU
TT
S12
46$3
7,95
881
$16,
801
332
$14,
714
HA
RA
LSO
N26
89$3
3,66
585
$27,
644
380
$9,9
62
CA
LHO
UN
368
$31,
113
20$1
5,48
419
7$1
2,82
0H
AR
RIS
1851
$44,
786
59$9
8,56
030
9$1
3,14
7
CA
MD
EN
3901
$35.
635
151
$25,
801
602
$15,
068
HA
RT
1899
$40,
841
84$1
8,55
144
8$1
3,36
0
CA
ND
LER
718
$35.
972
32$3
3,14
022
5$1
1.87
9H
EA
RD
973
$32,
350
65$2
3.55
417
1$1
2,34
4
CA
RR
OLL
7754
$39,
696
337
$27,
621
1717
$14,
035
HE
NR
Y71
99$4
7,25
524
3$2
6,87
784
9$2
0,10
5
CA
TO
OS
A49
04$3
7,57
418
1$2
1,81
787
7$1
5,31
1H
OU
ST
ON
1007
7$4
2,10
458
5$2
7,36
923
33$1
4,33
8
CH
AR
LTO
N94
4$3
1,90
357
.$2
5,30
222
2$9
,115
IRW
IN76
6$3
4,33
029
$22,
499
316
$10.
884
CH
AT
HA
M18
969
$46,
282
962
$23,
730
7533
$14,
617
JAC
KS
ON
3354
$36,
588
121
$27,
541
540
$13,
633
CH
AT
TA
HO
OC
HE
E19
82$2
9,63
520
$20,
708
178
$11,
103
JAS
PE
R79
2$3
7,92
157
$23,
549
294
$9,7
99
CH
AT
TO
OG
A22
79$3
2,98
882
$16,
781
462
$11,
957
JEF
F D
AV
IS12
79$3
4,93
651
$23,
710
373
$11,
996
CH
ER
OK
EE
1228
3$4
6,63
746
2$2
8,81
311
05$2
3,89
3JE
FF
ER
SO
N12
99$3
4,54
610
0$2
4,77
584
2$1
1,53
4
CLA
RK
E58
69$4
7,52
333
9$2
5,39
825
24$1
2,87
1JE
NK
INS
728
$33,
039
27$
I 1,8
4433
9$9
,453
CLA
Y22
5$3
7,11
752
$14,
290
136
$10,
153
JOH
NS
ON
821
$31,
591
6$6
,000
260
$13,
588
CLA
YT
ON
1990
3$4
4,44
911
21$2
7,17
055
55$1
9,17
4JO
NE
S23
1 I
$48,
716
95$2
3,01
252
3$1
9,22
8
CLI
NC
H67
3$3
3,48
833
$1 1
,127
173
$9,3
32LA
MA
R12
58$3
7,26
012
2$3
2,18
834
6$1
4,19
3
CO
BB
5230
1$6
2,30
919
12$3
3,68
683
57$2
4,48
7LA
NIE
R55
5$2
9,31
355
$23,
982
179
$6,9
11
CO
FF
EE
3193
$38,
389
183
$29,
396
916
$10,
819
LAU
RE
NS
3998
$39,
138
113
$23,
207
1389
$10,
690
CO
LQU
ITT
3471
$36,
272
172
$18,
021
1192
$8,9
81LE
E21
48$4
0,95
777
$20,
720
438
$14,
429
CO
LUM
BIA
9352
$53,
480
148
$30,
913
1208
$22,
528
LIB
ER
TY
6547
$27,
554
195
$20.
434
1402
$11,
526
CO
OK
1389
$32,
548
43$1
8.78
130
7$9
,891
LIN
CO
LN68
7$3
5,40
836
$15,
744
215
$14,
811
CO
WE
TA
6129
$49,
067
215
$37,
189
1285
$14,
958
LON
G74
8$3
1.58
738
$12,
032
122
$7,0
44
CR
AW
FO
RD
997
$34,
583
54$2
9,35
820
4$1
1,90
8LO
WN
DE
S73
94$4
2,00
536
4$2
3,81
323
59$1
1.54
7
CR
ISP
1811
$36,
942
84$2
3,16
980
3$9
,813
LUM
PK
IN16
14$3
4,89
046
$24,
011
214
$16,
116
DA
DE
1541
$33,
732
92$1
0,76
321
0$1
2,36
3M
AC
ON
1 06
5$3
8,56
85
I$2
4,58
063
7$1
0,50
6
DA
WS
ON
1229
$38,
054
24$1
0,25
016
8$1
2,20
4M
AD
ISO
N24
48$3
6,57
385
$ 1
6,50
236
1$1
3,76
1
DE
CA
TU
R23
37$3
4,75
514
0$2
2,52
193
5$1
1,91
4M
AR
ION
499
$30,
593
55$1
2,48
819
3$1
2,12
3
DE
KA
LB46
218
$57,
594
2701
$29,
033
1689
1$2
1,18
9M
CD
UF
FIE
1913
$41,
948
129
$16,
457
768
$10,
255
DO
DG
E16
92$3
3,58
910
9$1
8,03
549
4$1
2,32
4M
CIN
TO
SH
749
$32,
076
76$2
5,44
025
3$8
,548
DO
OLY
849
$38,
513
80$
I 6,7
5740
6$9
,534
ME
RIW
ET
HE
R20
48$3
5,57
711
8$1
5,87
266
5$1
2,34
9
DO
UG
HE
RT
Y82
49$4
4,18
242
3$1
9,67
746
92$1
1,32
6M
ILLE
R58
5$3
5,36
943
$24,
296
159
$12,
385
DO
UG
LAS
8895
$46,
997
390
$33,
460
1419
$21,
553
MIT
CH
ELL
1713
$32,
739
55$1
9,11
488
0$9
,616
EA
RLY
1022
$35,
707
70$
I 6,2
5238
3$9
,247
MO
NR
OE
1774
$43,
689
78$2
4,9
I 333
9$1
2,22
7
EC
HO
LS26
7$3
3,81
012
$18,
111
41$1
3,77
0M
ON
TG
OM
ER
Y74
0$3
1,67
834
$55,
653
158
$10,
851
EF
FIN
GH
AM
3332
$37,
811
154
$25,
638
532
$13,
735
MO
RG
AN
1221
$39,
164
60$2
3,90
131
1$1
5,18
1
ELB
ER
T18
46$3
2,65
511
7$2
5,13
462
4$1
2,59
5M
UR
RA
Y33
84$3
4,09
417
5$2
1,96
536
3$1
5,20
9
EM
AN
UE
L20
91$3
3,54
777
$22,
827
621
$11,
277
MU
SC
OG
EE
1607
5$4
2,03
399
5$2
2,35
767
51$1
2,05
5
136
137
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
261
FAM
ILY
IN
CO
ME
CO
UN
TY
MA
RR
IED
CO
UP
LE
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
E
MA
LE
HE
AD
OF
HO
US
EH
OLD
NU
MB
ER
INC
OM
E
FE
MA
LE
HE
AD
OF
HO
US
EH
OLD
NU
MB
ER
'
INC
OM
EN
EW
TO
N44
84$4
0.35
924
9$2
4.84
497
3$1
4,42
4
OC
ON
EE
2293
$50.
250
80$3
1,35
031
8$2
0.09
3
OG
LET
HO
RP
E10
28$3
4,61
769
$26.
533
204
$13.
283
PA
ULD
ING
5592
$40,
956
189
$33,
609
649
$15,
710
PE
AC
H17
73$4
4,64
010
4$2
7,29
684
4$1
0.32
6
PIC
KE
NS
1699
$34,
259
65$1
3,86
222
6$1
4,00
4
PIE
RC
E15
41$3
3,34
788
$38.
363
323
$10,
978
PIK
E10
95$3
8,78
637
$21,
028
198
$15.
805
PO
LK33
43$3
6,20
212
3$2
0.85
184
2$1
3,46
2
PU
LAS
KI
704
$43,
824
19$1
8.92
529
8$1
2,67
1
PU
TN
AM
1 27
4$4
2.49
795
$15,
071
360
$13,
017
QU
ITM
AN
160
$29,
820
9$1
8,55
682
$8.0
41
RA
BU
N11
81$3
1,13
035
$18.
133
167
$115
49
RA
ND
OLP
H61
1$2
6,39
555
$20.
564
344
$8,6
49
RIC
HM
ON
D16
600
$42,
868
976
$23.
112
7506
$12,
969
RO
CK
DA
LE66
85$5
3.07
522
9$3
1,83
210
66$2
2.59
0
SC
HLE
Y39
4$3
5,14
612
$11,
333
80$1
3.37
2
SC
RE
VE
N12
86$3
7,18
157
$21,
468
481
$10,
816
SE
MIN
OLE
720
$33.
260
35$2
3.06
725
0$9
,618
SP
ALD
ING
5270
$40.
314
315
$18.
275
1820
$12,
394
ST
EP
HE
NS
2497
$35,
777
109
$27,
190
457
$11,
568
ST
EW
AR
T41
1$2
9,72
316
$24,
209
214
$8,6
89
SU
MT
ER
2569
$40,
461
151
$20,
616
1294
$11,
371
TA
LBO
T51
I$3
4,05
924
$19,
834
261
$1 I
,100
TA
LIA
FE
RR
O14
7$2
9,56
79
$9,9
5653
$10.
195
TA
TT
NA
LL15
16$3
6,10
387
$18,
882
470
$8,4
28
TA
YLO
R64
0$3
4,49
937
$21,
726
276
$7,9
99
TE
LFA
IR94
8$3
1,07
147
$16,
152
350
$9,9
92
TE
RR
ELL
828
$33.
969
22$1
8.05
541
1,
$8,9
28
TH
OM
AS
3487
$38.
401
196
$16,
106
1513
$10,
142
T1F
T34
10$3
8.80
623
6$2
8,83
411
22
$10,
530
TO
OM
BS
2469
$39,
390
126
$20,
478
667
$9.7
17
TO
WN
S55
9$3
0,84
323
$47,
409
70$1
1,95
6
TR
EU
TLE
N61
1$2
7,87
330
$20,
575
184
$11,
886
TR
OU
P54
37$4
4,22
127
3$1
6,52
717
25$1
3.74
3
TU
RN
ER
818
$32,
540
18$1
7,88
932
8$7
.185
TW
1GG
S99
7$3
2,81
865
$22,
598
286
$10,
130
UN
ION
1197
$38,
379
57$1
1,91
411
5$8
,828
UP
SO
N24
23$3
6,23
211
3$2
8.16
476
0$1
4,34
8
WA
LKE
R65
20$3
6,57
325
1$1
7,22
610
23$1
2,57
2
WA
LTO
N43
03$4
0,97
320
5$2
5,65
077
9$1
3,86
4
WA
RE
3214
$37,
162
160
$19,
881
1130
$11,
530
WA
RR
EN
456
$32,
493
21$1
8.00
523
3$8
,510
WA
SH
ING
TO
N1
6 1
9$3
8.57
61
1 8
$19,
214
743
$12,
198
WA
YN
E24
73$3
6,65
613
7$1
9,56
154
3$1
0.50
2
WE
BS
TE
R20
7$3
9,73
7S
$47,
347
66$1
2,76
2
WH
EE
LER
564
$43,
566
24$1
9,14
311
6$5
,628
WH
ITE
1440
$35,
704
81$1
7,13
215
9$1
7,35
9
WH
ITF
IELD
8263
$45,
106
295
$19,
433
1412
,$17
,105
WIL
CO
X62
1$3
3,23
429
$15,
686
179
,$8
,196
WIL
KE
S86
9$4
0,15
375
$15,
339
345
$12,
112
WIL
KIN
SO
N10
21$3
6,71
427
$26,
970
344
$20,
851
WO
RT
H19
57$3
5,68
211
7$2
0,75
870
8$8
,495
GA
TO
TA
LS65
0,52
6$4
7,68
531
,039
$26,
156
184,
292
$15,
450
68K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
1 38
139
MA
TE
RN
AL
EM
PLO
YM
EN
T
GE
OR
GIA
CH
ILD
RE
N B
Y L
IVIN
G A
RR
AN
GE
ME
NT
AN
D P
AR
EN
TS
' LA
BO
R F
OR
CE
ST
AT
US
, 199
0
Tw
o P
aren
ts -
One
Wor
ks 2
3%
Tw
o P
aren
ts -
Bot
h W
ork
47%
One
Par
ent -
Wor
king
21%
Tw
o P
aren
ts-
Nei
ther
Wor
king
I%
One
Par
ent
Not
Wor
king
9%
The
num
ber
of w
orki
ngm
othe
rs in
Geo
rgia
incr
ease
dby
16%
dur
ing
the
1980
's.
" A
lthou
gh th
ere
are
near
lyI m
illio
n ch
ildre
n in
Geo
rgia
who
may
be
in n
eed
of c
hild
care
, the
re a
re fe
wer
than
200
,000
spa
ces
avai
labl
e.
140
'-'4N
ew,,V
,..v-
'47
rliM
intla
inA
MM
EE
RM
INiM
PAV
AA
'-rm
r -;
zade
rwom
mer
y.f.
g.m
ew ,,
Nom
may
earm
aim
mis
eum
i
Dur
ing
the
last
dec
ade,
the
num
ber
of m
othe
rs e
nter
ing
the
labo
r fo
rce
in G
eorg
ia
kepi
pac
e w
ith n
atio
nal t
rend
s. B
y 19
90, 7
1% o
f Geo
rgia
mot
hers
(w
omen
I 6
year
s
and
olde
r w
ith c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
) w
ere
wor
king
out
side
the
hom
e. T
his
repr
esen
ted
a 16
% in
crea
se fr
om 1
980,
and
was
slig
htly
mor
e th
an th
e na
tiona
l
aver
age
of 6
8%.
In19
80, o
nly
5 ou
t of G
eorg
ia's
159
cou
ntie
s ha
d 70
% o
r m
ore
of th
eir
mot
hers
in th
e la
bor
forc
e. T
en y
ears
late
r, th
is w
as tr
ue fo
r 90
cou
ntie
s. B
y 19
90,
only
one
cou
nty
in th
e st
ate
of G
eorg
ia h
ad fe
wer
than
hal
f of i
ts m
othe
rs in
the
wor
k
forc
e.
Man
y w
orki
ng m
othe
rs a
re a
lso
sing
le m
othe
rs. O
ne in
5 fa
mili
es in
Geo
rgia
is
head
ed b
y a
sing
le w
oman
, eith
er d
ivor
ced,
sep
arat
ed o
r ne
ver
mar
ried.
Abo
ut 2
3%
of G
eorg
ia's
chi
ldre
n liv
ed w
ith a
sin
gle
pare
nt in
199
0, a
nd in
mos
t cas
es, t
hese
fam
ilies
wer
e he
aded
by
wom
en.
Chi
ld c
are
is c
ruci
al fo
r w
orki
ng m
othe
rs. T
here
are
clo
se to
one
mill
ion
child
ren
in G
eorg
ia w
ith a
mot
her
wor
king
out
side
the
hom
e w
ho a
re li
kely
to n
eed
care
by
anot
her
adul
t at l
east
par
t tim
e. Y
et th
roug
hout
Geo
rgia
ther
e ar
e sp
aces
for
only
abo
ut 2
00,0
00 c
hild
ren
in li
cens
ed d
ay c
are
prog
ram
s or
reg
iste
red
fam
ily d
ay
care
hom
es. S
ome
Geo
rgia
cou
ntie
s ha
ve s
pace
s fo
r fe
wer
than
ten
child
ren
in a
ll of
the
coun
ty's
lice
nsed
and
reg
iste
red
child
car
e fa
cilit
es p
ut to
geth
er.
141
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
?69
MA
TE
RN
AL
EM
PLO
YM
EN
T'
Chi
ld c
are
cost
s in
Geo
rgia
ran
ge fr
om $
45 to
ove
r $1
00 p
er w
eek
per
child
.
The
sta
te, w
ith fe
dera
l ass
ista
nce,
sub
sidi
zed
care
for
appr
oxim
atel
y 27
,500
chi
ldre
n in
1991
, mor
e th
an 3
tim
es th
e nu
mbe
r su
bsid
ized
in th
e la
te 1
980'
s. Y
et th
ere
is s
till a
wai
ting
list f
or s
ubsi
dize
d ch
ild c
are
of a
bout
8,5
00 fa
mili
es.
Man
y of
the
child
ren
who
rec
eive
sub
sidi
zed
care
hav
e m
othe
rs w
ho a
re
part
icip
atin
g in
the
Pos
itive
Em
ploy
men
t and
Com
mun
ity H
elp
(PE
AC
H)
Pro
gram
desi
gned
to fa
cilit
ate
the
mov
e fr
om w
elfa
re d
epen
denc
y to
sel
f-su
ffici
ency
thro
ugh
wor
k. P
EA
CH
ser
vice
s in
clud
e ba
sic
skill
s an
d jo
b tr
aini
ng, v
ocat
iona
l ass
essm
ent a
nd
supp
orts
like
tran
spor
tatio
n as
sist
ance
and
Med
icai
d co
vera
ge. I
n 19
92, 1
28 c
ount
ies
in th
e st
ate
prov
ide
PE
AC
H s
ervi
ces.
Sta
te in
vest
men
t in
child
car
e gr
eatly
affe
cts
its q
ualit
y, a
vaila
bilit
y an
d
affo
rdab
ility
. In
1992
nat
iona
l com
paris
ons,
Geo
rgia
ran
ks 3
5th
in th
e na
tion
in m
oney
allo
cate
d to
chi
ld c
are
and
early
edu
catio
n. G
eorg
ia s
pent
24
times
mor
e on
corr
ectio
ns in
199
0 th
an o
n se
rvic
es fo
r yo
ung
child
ren.
Geo
rgia
spe
nt o
nly
$16.
25
per
child
on
dire
ct c
hild
car
e an
d ea
rly c
hild
hood
ser
vice
s in
198
9. B
y co
mpa
rison
, the
# I
rank
ed s
tate
spe
nt o
ver
$150
per
chi
ld.
Incr
easi
ng n
umbe
rs o
f Geo
rgia
fam
ilies
hav
e m
othe
rs in
the
wor
k fo
rce.
Fle
xibl
e ho
urs
and
leav
e po
licie
s, a
dequ
ate
heal
th b
enef
its a
nd c
hild
car
e, a
nd
aggr
essi
ve r
ecov
ery
of c
hild
sup
port
. hel
p fa
mili
es to
bal
ance
wor
k an
d ch
ild r
earin
g
resp
onsi
bilit
ies.
In d
oing
so,
thes
e po
licie
s ar
e lik
ely
to in
crea
se fa
mily
sta
bilit
y an
d
enha
nce
child
dev
elop
men
t.14
210
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
2G
eorg
ians
For
Chi
ldre
n
LAB
OR
FO
RC
E S
TA
TU
S O
F G
EO
RG
IA M
OT
HE
RS
BY
AG
E O
F T
HE
IR C
HIL
DR
EN
, 198
0 A
ND
199
0
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Chi
ldre
n U
nder
Age
6
Li 1
980
Chi
ldre
n A
ges
6 -
17
U 1
990
LI G
eorg
ia r
anke
d 35
th in
the
natio
n in
mon
ey s
pent
on
child
car
e se
rvic
es in
199
0,
spen
ding
24
times
mor
e on
corr
ectio
ns.
twi T
he s
tate
sub
sidi
zed
child
care
for
over
27,
000
child
ren
in 1
991,
but
mor
eth
an 8
,500
fam
ilies
are
stil
lw
aitin
g fo
r th
is h
elp.
143
MA
I E
RN
AL
EM
MY
ME
N I
Num
ber
and
Per
cent
of W
omen
Age
s 16
and
Old
er, w
ith C
hild
ren,
in th
e La
bor
For
ce, G
eorg
ia, 1
980
and
1990
I,C
OU
NT
Y19
80
NU
MB
ER
z19
90
NU
MB
ER
Xi
1980
CO
UN
TY
NU
MB
ER
1990
%C
OU
NT
Y19
80
&ut
iata
AP
I:411
\1G
,1,
254
52.5
1,36
758
.4E
VA
NS
840
67.4
'
862
70.1
NE
WT
ON
3,06
161
.3
AT
KIN
SO
N44
4I
L;F
AN
NIN
::O
CO
NE
E28
7.6
93
BA
CO
NB
AK
ER
798
294
53.2
975
67.6
311'
. 'N
',66.
0F
AY
ET
TE
..,2,
726
155.
3rp
f;
FLO
YD
!.,,I
tr"
6,70
1'
7,79
4
67.5
*) 7
4.7
'
.O
GLE
TH
OR
PE
-,,,
890
2:45
c69
.7
57.0
BA
LDW
IN3,
017
70.5
3.44
977
.2F
OR
SY
TH
2.40
954
..94.
470
' 71.
8P
EA
CH
1,61
258
.6
BA
NK
S88
368
.81,
062
743
FR
AN
KLI
N1,
368
64.2
1.62
874
.1P
ICK
EN
S97
858
.1
BA
RR
OW
1,95
363
.12.
773
64.9
FU
LTO
N46
.223
60.8
54.4
5067
.8P
IER
CE
980
53.3
BA
RT
OW
4,10
565
.85,
893
71.8
GIL
ME
R82
652
.11,
143
63.5
PIK
E84
368
.4
BE
N H
ILL
1,34
157
.91,
615
68.1
GLA
SC
OC
K17
355
.421
571
.2P
OLK
2,82
162
.6
BE
RR
IEN
1,29
864
.61,
578
76.8
GLY
NN
4.83
360
.76,
069
72.5
PU
LAS
KI
805
61.3
BIB
B12
.994
63.5
14,1
9170
.3G
OR
DO
N2,
906
63.4
3,69
572
.9P
UT
NA
M99
969
.0
BLE
CK
LEY
992
70.5
949
71.8
GR
AD
Y1,
710
61.6
2,09
571
.8Q
UIT
MA
N15
953
.7
BR
AN
TLE
Y66
047
.71,
011
58.0
GR
EE
NE
974
69.1
1,13
370
.7R
AB
UN
908
64.0
BR
OO
KS
I ,08
654
.71,
367
65.7
GW
INN
ET
r17
,036
60.3
39,6
2273
.2R
AN
DO
LPH
708
60.7
BR
YA
N79
251
.31,
588
63.3
HA
BE
RS
HA
M2,
356
65.6
2,83
578
.3R
ICH
MO
ND
14,9
3861
.1
BU
LLO
CH
2.82
963
.03,
420
70.2
HA
LL6,
973
62.8
9,55
173
.6R
OC
KD
ALE
3,57
958
.9
BU
RK
E1.
666
61.1
2,15
770
.3H
AN
CO
CK
867
67.4
925
76.0
SC
HLE
Y25
556
.4
BU
TT
S1.
233
68.3
1,31
471
.1H
AR
ALS
ON
1,72
263
.91.
985
64.5
SC
RE
VE
N1,
182
63.1
CA
LHO
UN
516
61.8
464
75.8
HA
RR
IS1,
340
64.2
1,60
967
.6S
EM
INO
LE61
352
.0
CA
MD
EN
1,08
053
.53,
283
71.0
HA
RT
1.79
970
.71,
951
76.0
SP
ALD
ING
4,50
063
.4
CA
ND
LER
628
63.1
719
72.4
HE
AR
D60
064
.582
665
.3S
TE
PH
EN
S1,
980
65.6
CA
RR
OLL
5,02
662
.26,
980
69.9
HE
NR
Y3,
212
59.9
6.19
473
.0S
TE
WA
RT
434
57.0
CA
TO
OS
A3.
528
59.3
4,36
171
.0H
OU
ST
ON
7,34
159
.39,
570
72.2
SU
MT
ER
2,66
966
.1
CH
AR
LTO
N55
653
.276
459
.9IR
WIN
662
53.8
,79
469
.7T
ALB
OT
527
62.2
CH
AT
HA
M16
.075
56.6
20.3
0870
.1A
CK
SO
N2,
428
64.9
2,97
071
.2T
ALI
AF
ER
RO
144
60.5
CH
AT
TA
HO
OC
HE
E78
436
.593
242
.8A
SP
ER
682
61.7
882
75.5
TA
TT
NA
LLI 3
2456
.5
CH
AT
TO
OG
A1.
970
63.5
2.15
173
.0E
FF
DA
VIS
1,06
160
.01,
239
70.5
TA
YLO
R62
860
.6
CH
ER
OK
EE
4.72
356
.49.
734
70.7
EF
FE
RS
ON
1,59
561
.91.
667
68.7
TE
LFA
IR90
360
.3
CLA
RK
E5,
521
67.1
6,29
071
.6E
NK
INS
574
48.7
842
73.1
TE
RR
ELL
1.00
064
.2
CLA
Y23
650
.331
972
.3O
HN
SO
N77
262
.880
970
.7T
HO
MA
S3,
300
62.5
CLA
YT
ON
15.1
1959
.520
,389
75.3
ON
ES
1,59
361
.32,
290
74.7
TIF
T3.
144
63.6
CLI
NC
H56
661
.168
975
.1LA
MA
R1,
059
653
1.23
370
.1T
OO
MB
S1,
933
56.3
CO
BB
26.4
7158
.743
,999
70.1
LAN
IER
395
48.5
528
65.4
TO
WN
S43
462
.7
CO
FF
EE
2.26
657
.53,
016
70.1
LAU
RE
NS
3,56
666
.04,
215
74.1
TR
EU
TLE
N41
148
.8
CO
LQU
ITT
3.10
158
.43.
506
71.3
LEE
1,09
959
.61,
883
70.7
TR
OU
P4,
454
66.2
CO
LUM
BIA
3.93
357
.67.
595
69.4
LIB
ER
TY
2,51
147
.24,
643
58.0
TU
RN
ER
960
70.5
CO
OK
1.28
066
.71,
221
69.5
LIN
CO
LN51
058
.270
071
.2T
WIG
GS
588
44.7
CO
WE
TA
3.52
963
.05.
361
695
LON
G31
249
.161
867
.7U
NIO
N67
555
.3
CR
AW
FO
RD
705
60.5
973
72.1
LOW
ND
ES
6,09
360
.27,
282
69.3
UP
S2,
485
71.4
CR
ISP
1.62
957
.71,
900
68.7
LUM
PK
IN83
559
.41,
344
72.5
WA
LKE
R4,
709
55.5
DA
DE
969
49.7
1.18
264
.9M
AC
ON
1,08
160
.41,
283
67.2
WA
LTO
N2,
931
62.5
DA
WS
ON
460
62.0
1,03
973
.8M
AD
ISO
N1,
917
68.0
2,18
474
.0W
AR
E2,
974
55.1
DE
CA
TU
R2.
192
63.0
2.40
166
.2M
AR
ION
377
51.1
502
66.2
WA
RR
EN
524
573
DE
KA
LB44
,893
65.9
52,9
6477
.9M
CD
UF
FIE
1,76
663
.72,
058
71.1
WA
SH
ING
TO
N1,
559
58.6
DO
DG
E1.
594
65.2
1.77
875
.3M
CIN
TO
SH
581
51.1
700
63.9
WA
YN
E1,
605
52.8
DO
OLY
922
58.5
947
67.2
ME
RIW
ET
HE
R1.
860
65.4
2,14
769
.5W
EB
ST
ER
159
50.8
DO
UG
HE
RT
YD
OU
GLA
S9,
710
62.2
5.19
056
.5
9.58
769
.1
7,82
272
.5
MIL
LER
545
58.2
MIT
CH
ELL
1,86
964
353
5
2.02
4
63.9
68.8
WH
EE
LER
WH
ITE
455
953
62.8
66.5
EA
RLY
1.11
760
.61,
186
73.2
MO
NR
OE
1,37
772
.21.
625
70.2
WH
ITF
IELD
6.79
465
.9
EC
HO
LSE
FF
ING
HA
M
163
46.0
1.30
145
.5
218
64.7
2,47
260
.7
MO
NT
GO
ME
RY
542
61.9
MO
RG
AN
1.08
068
.8
669
1.32
8
71.4
76.5
WIL
CO
X54
6
945
54.1
65.4
ELB
ER
T1.
782
68.9
1.69
666
.0M
UR
RA
Y2,
021
65.3
2.96
176
.4W
ILK
INS
ON
869
62.2
EM
AN
UE
L1,
779
61.3
2.16
274
.2M
US
CO
GE
E14
,280
58.6
16.6
4467
.4W
OR
TH
1,52
958
.2
GA
TO
TA
L47
8,15
661
.0
144
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
1990
NU
MB
ER
%
3,92
1
1,9'
89
1,04
14.
454
2,01
8
1,44
4
1,26
2
980
3,04
077
9
1,41
8
197
1,13
8
710
17,5
46
6.02
1
318
1.36
9
701
5,48
4
2.26
6
433
2,79
9
604
155
1,35
5
646
1,00
4
958
3.90
4
3,47
2
2.40
1
509
514
5.50
4
889
936
955
2,56
0
5,72
0
3,86
0
3,06
9
640
1,84
2
2,08
5
214
424
1,29
8
7,45
5
612
1.08
2
1.03
7
1,95
1
630,
331
67 5
74.3
1_1
79.6
68.3
69.6
70.4
65.9
68.2
68.5
7S.3
79.9
72.2
79.6
65.5
68.1
74.9
65.3
70.3
63.9
69.9
75.3
61.1
66.4
69.9
70.8
63.5
66.8
70.9
66.8
72.0
70.5
70.5
75.4
62.3
73.8
71.2
63.9
64.9
73.8
72.4
69.9
66.0
74.4
70.1
66.6
71.3
61.8
75.7
73.1
71.6
75.3
69.7
67.0
70.8
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
21
1
"
",c44-P'
--
-,I
S.^
f74"
,t...V
`E,
t,
GL
OSS
AR
Y
AF
DC
Aid
to F
amili
es w
ith D
epen
dent
Chi
ldre
n is
a m
eans
-tes
ted
prog
ram
that
prov
ides
ass
ista
nce
to lo
w-in
com
e fa
mili
es. T
he A
FD
C p
rogr
am is
fund
ed b
y th
est
ate
and
the
fede
ral g
over
nmen
t. F
eder
al fu
nds
com
e fr
om th
e F
amily
Sup
port
Adm
inis
trat
ion
with
in th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
The
pro
gram
is a
dmin
iste
red
in G
eorg
ia b
y th
e D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Res
ourc
es.
The
max
imum
mon
thly
pay
men
t for
a m
othe
r an
d tw
o ch
ildre
n w
as $
280
in 1
992.
Tee
n B
irth
Rat
eN
umbe
r of
birt
hs to
girl
s yo
unge
r th
an a
ge 1
8 pe
r 10
00 g
irls
ages
15 to
17
in th
e po
pula
tion.
Chi
ld D
eath
Rat
e -
Num
ber
of d
eath
s am
ong
child
ren
ages
Ito
14
per
100,
000
child
ren
of th
e sa
me
ages
in th
e po
pula
tion.
DY
S/D
CY
S -
The
Div
isio
n of
You
th S
ervi
ces
beca
me
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Chi
ldre
nan
d Y
outh
Ser
vice
s in
Jul
y, 1
992.
The
new
Dep
artm
ent o
vers
ees
the
juve
nile
just
ice
syst
em in
Geo
rgia
.
Fam
ily -
Whe
n "f
amily
" ap
pear
s in
the
phra
se m
edia
n fa
mily
inco
me,
it is
def
ined
as
a ho
useh
old
head
and
one
or
mor
e ot
her
pers
ons
rela
ted
to h
im o
r he
r by
birt
h,m
arria
ge o
r ad
optio
n. W
hen
"fam
ily"
appe
ars
in th
e ph
rase
ave
rage
fam
ily in
com
e, it
is d
efin
ed a
s a
hous
ehol
d he
ad, e
ither
mar
ried,
sin
gle
mal
e or
sin
gle
fem
ale,
with
or
with
out t
heir
own
child
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
.
Foo
d S
tam
psT
his
fede
ral p
rogr
am is
fund
ed b
y th
e F
ood
and
Nut
ritio
n S
ervi
ce o
fth
e U
nite
d S
tate
s D
epar
tmen
t of A
gric
ultu
re. I
n G
eorg
ia, i
t is
adm
inis
tere
d by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
. The
max
imum
mon
thly
val
ue o
f foo
d st
amps
for
a fa
mily
of t
hree
in G
eorg
ia is
cur
rent
ly $
292.
GE
D -
Gen
eral
Equ
ival
ency
Deg
ree;
a h
igh
scho
ol g
radu
atio
n eq
uiva
lenc
yce
rtifi
catio
n.
Hig
h S
choo
l Dro
pout
Rat
eP
erce
nt o
f tee
ns a
ges
16 to
19
not h
igh
scho
olgr
adua
tes
and
not i
n sc
hool
.
Inco
me
- T
he a
mou
nt o
f pre
tax
mon
ey g
aine
d du
ring
the
last
full
cale
ndar
rea
r?,
incl
udin
g, b
ut n
ot li
mite
d to
. wag
es a
nd s
alar
ies,
sel
f-em
ploy
men
t int
eres
t and
:di
vide
nds,
soc
ial s
ecur
ity a
nd c
ash
publ
ic a
ssis
tanc
e..
148
14K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
99?
Cen
n:Y
inns
For
Chi
ldre
n
Infa
nt D
eath
Rat
e -
Num
ber
of d
eath
s am
ong
infa
nts
youn
ger
than
age
one
, per
1000
live
birt
hs.
Juve
nile
Com
mitm
ent R
ate
Num
ber
of y
outh
age
s 10
to 1
7 co
mm
itted
to s
tate
cust
ody,
per
100
0 yo
uth
in th
e po
pula
tion.
Low
Birt
hwei
ght R
ate
Per
cent
of a
ll in
fant
s bo
rn w
eigh
ing
less
than
5 1/
2 po
unds
.
Neo
nata
l Per
iod
- T
he fi
rst 2
7 da
ys o
f life
.
PE
AC
H -
The
Pos
itive
Em
ploy
men
t and
Com
mun
ity H
elp
Pro
gram
, adm
inis
tere
d by
the
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, pro
vide
s vo
catio
nal a
sses
smen
t, ba
sic
skill
s tr
aini
ng, s
uppo
rt s
ervi
ces
(chi
ld c
are
tran
spor
tatio
n an
d m
edic
al c
over
age)
,ed
ucat
ion
and
job
trai
ning
to w
elfa
re r
ecip
ient
s.
Rec
omm
itmen
t - W
hen
yout
h w
ho a
re c
urre
ntly
or
have
bee
n co
mm
itted
to th
est
ate
are
caug
ht b
reak
ing
the
law
aga
in, t
hey
are
':rec
omm
itted
".
Sou
ther
n S
tate
sA
s id
entif
ied
by th
e S
outh
ern
Reg
iona
l Edu
catio
n B
oard
, Sou
ther
nst
ates
are
Ala
bam
a, A
rkan
sas,
Dis
tric
t of C
olum
bia,
Flo
rida,
Ken
tuck
y, L
ouis
iana
,M
aryl
and,
Mis
siss
ippi
, Nor
th C
arol
ina,
Okl
ahom
a, S
outh
Car
olin
a, T
enne
ssee
, Tex
as,
Virg
inia
and
Wes
t Virg
inia
.
Sta
ndar
d of
Nee
dT
he e
stim
ated
am
ount
of m
oney
nee
ded
for
basi
c ne
cess
ities
for
a fa
mily
. The
Sta
ndar
d of
Nee
d in
Geo
rgia
is 4
6.4%
of t
he fe
dera
lly e
stab
lishe
dpo
vert
y le
vel,
mea
ning
fam
ilies
ear
ning
mor
e th
an th
is a
re n
ot e
ligib
le fo
r fin
anci
alas
sist
ance
from
the
stat
e. In
199
2, th
e fe
dera
l pov
erty
leve
l for
a fa
mily
of t
hree
was
$11,
140/
year
.
Tee
n V
iole
nt D
eath
Rat
e -
Num
ber
of d
eath
s by
hom
icid
e, s
uici
de o
r ac
cide
ntam
ong
teen
s ag
es 1
5 to
19
per
100,
000
teen
s of
the
sam
e ag
e gr
oup
in th
epo
pula
tion.
',Unr
uly,
Cha
rge
, Als
o ca
lled
:d."
Sta
tus
Offe
nse"
. An
infr
actio
n th
at a
pplie
s on
ly to
L"
yOU
th, l
ike
trua
ncy
or r
unaw
ay,
149
ES
EE
MB
EIE
:=ili
i=c;
.M
ET
HO
DO
LOG
YD
SO
UR
CE
S
The
info
rmat
ion
in th
e G
eorg
ia K
IDS
CO
UN
T F
actb
ook
1992
com
es fr
om a
wid
e ra
nge
of
sour
ces
with
in G
eorg
ia a
nd a
roun
d th
e na
tion.
The
KID
S C
OU
NT
Inte
r-A
genc
y D
ata
Tea
m
com
pris
ed o
f rep
rese
ntat
ives
from
sta
te a
genc
ies
and
depa
rtm
ents
, pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e
univ
ersi
ties,
and
inde
pend
ent c
onsu
ltant
s w
as v
ital t
o th
e su
cces
sful
com
plet
ion
of th
is p
roje
ct.
Thi
s se
ctio
n id
entif
ies
the
sour
ces
for
the
prim
ary
data
foun
d in
eac
h se
ctio
n of
the
Fac
tboo
k as
wel
l as
the
met
hod
used
to c
ompu
te fi
ndin
gs. I
t als
o pr
ovid
es r
efer
ence
s fo
r th
e
seco
ndar
y so
urce
s th
at in
form
ed th
e te
xt in
trod
ucin
g ea
ch in
dica
tor
of c
hild
wel
l-bei
ng.
OV
ER
VIE
W A
ND
FIN
DIN
GS
Dat
a in
the
Geo
rgia
map
s in
this
sec
tion
are
adju
sted
for
race
. The
cal
cula
tion
of r
ace-
adju
sted
rate
s w
as b
ased
on
data
for
the
mos
t rec
ent t
ime
perio
d (1
990
for
the
cens
us d
ata
and
1986
1990
for
the
vita
l sta
tistic
s da
ta).
The
adj
ustm
ent i
s fo
r A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
/whi
te p
opul
atio
n
dist
ribut
ion
only
, and
oth
er p
opul
atio
ns w
ere
not c
onsi
dere
d. C
ount
ies
wer
e ex
clud
ed fr
om
the
rate
cal
cula
tion
if th
e nu
mbe
r of
"ev
ents
" of
inte
rest
was
less
than
ten
for
eith
er r
ace.
For
exam
ple,
the
"eve
nt"
for
the
map
of c
hild
pov
erty
rat
es w
as "
a ch
ild li
ving
in p
over
ty",
and
the
U.S
. 199
0 C
ensu
s sh
owed
no
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an c
hild
ren
in p
over
ty in
nin
e co
untie
s, a
nd o
nly
nine
whi
te c
hild
ren
in p
over
ty in
one
cou
nty.
The
adj
uste
d ch
ild p
over
ty r
ate
is th
e su
m o
f the
race
-spe
cific
pov
erty
rat
e tim
es th
e fr
actio
n of
Geo
rgia
chi
ldre
n of
that
rac
e.
WH
O A
RE
GE
OR
GIA
'S C
HIL
DR
EN
?
Chi
ld p
opul
atio
n da
ta (
by a
ge, r
ace
and
gend
er)
wer
e de
rived
from
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e
Cen
sus,
Sum
mar
y T
ape
File
(S
TF
)I A
, tab
le 1
2.
LOW
BIR
TH
WE
IGH
T IN
FA
NT
S
The
tota
l liv
e bi
rths
for
1981
thro
ugh
1985
and
198
6 th
roug
h 19
90 w
ere
calc
ulat
ed to
prov
ide
the
deno
min
ator
s fo
r ra
te c
alcu
latio
ns. T
he n
umbe
r of
birt
hs o
f inf
ants
wei
ghin
g le
ss
than
5 1
/2 p
ound
s bo
rn to
Geo
rgia
res
iden
ts, f
or th
e tw
o fiv
e-ye
ar p
erio
ds, w
ere
the
num
erat
ors
for
the
rate
cal
cula
tions
. Birt
hs (
and
deat
hs)
occu
rrin
g on
mili
tary
bas
es in
Geo
rgia
wer
e in
clud
ed in
the
coun
ty to
tals
of t
he c
ount
y in
whi
ch th
e ba
se is
loca
ted.
The
rat
e w
as
calc
ulat
ed a
s 10
0 tim
es th
e nu
mbe
r of
low
birt
hwei
ght b
irths
div
ided
by
the
num
ber
of b
irths
.
If fe
wer
than
10
low
birt
hwei
ght b
irths
wer
e re
cord
ed fo
r a
give
n co
unty
ove
r th
e
spec
ified
per
iod,
a lo
w b
irthw
eigh
t rat
e w
as n
ot c
alcu
late
d fo
r th
at c
ount
y.
In o
rder
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
of, c
hang
e ov
er th
e de
cade
, at l
east
10
low
birt
hwei
ght
150
birt
hs m
ust h
ave
occu
rred
in a
giv
en c
ount
y be
twee
n 19
81 a
nd 1
985
and
agai
n be
twee
n 19
86
and
1990
. As
a re
sult,
cou
nty
tren
d in
form
atio
n on
loW
birt
hwei
ght b
irths
is c
alcu
late
d on
few
er th
an 1
59 c
ount
ies.
In s
ome
coun
ties
ther
e w
ere
eith
er n
o bi
rths
to A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
wom
en o
r no
birt
hs to
whi
te w
omen
. "N
A"(
not a
pplic
able
) is
ent
ered
in th
e ta
ble
to s
igni
fy th
is.
The
ave
rage
cos
t per
chi
ld p
er a
vera
ge s
tay
in a
hig
h-ris
k ne
onat
al n
urse
ry in
the
5
regi
onal
med
ical
cen
ters
was
bas
ed o
n th
e fo
llow
ing:
$30
,000
for
a 28
day
sta
y at
Gra
dy
Mem
oria
l Hos
pita
l in
Atla
nta;
$8,
590
for
a 10
day
sta
y at
the
Med
ical
Col
lege
of G
eorg
ia in
Aug
usta
; $21
,908
for
an 1
8 da
y st
ay a
t the
Med
ical
Cen
ter
Hos
pita
l in
Col
umbu
s; $
13,1
31 fo
r
a 20
day
sta
y at
the
Med
ical
Cen
ter
of C
entr
al G
eorg
ia in
Mac
on; a
nd $
27,0
00 fo
r a
10 d
ay
stay
at M
emor
ial M
edic
al C
ente
r in
Sav
anna
h.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
Flo
yd, V
., M
ayer
, L &
Roc
hat,
R, (
1990
). "
Infa
nt H
ealth
in G
eorg
ia: P
rogr
ess
Dur
ing
the
1980
's,
A D
atab
ase
for
Hea
lth P
lann
ing
Dur
ing
the
1990
's",
The
Mar
ch o
f Dim
es B
irth
Def
ects
Fou
ndat
ion;
The
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
Div
isio
n of
Pub
lic H
ealth
; The
Cen
ters
for
Dis
ease
Con
trol
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
"Hea
lthy
Peo
ple
2000
: Nat
iona
l Hea
lth P
rom
otio
n an
d D
isea
se P
reve
ntio
n O
bjec
tives
",
(199
0). U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ser
vice
. DH
HS
Pub
licat
ion
No.
(P
HS
) 91
-502
12, U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Prin
ting
Offi
ce: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
"Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook:
Sta
te P
rofil
es o
f Chi
ld W
ell-B
eing
", (
1992
). C
ente
r fo
r th
e S
tudy
of
Soc
ial P
olic
y. W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.0
Mill
er, A
., F
ine,
A. &
Ada
ms-
Tay
lor,
S. (
1989
). "
Mon
itorin
g C
hild
ren'
s H
ealth
: Key
Indi
cato
rs",
Am
eric
an P
ublic
Hea
lth A
ssoc
iatio
n: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
"Pre
vent
ing
Low
Birt
hwei
ght"
, (19
85),
Inst
itute
of M
edic
ine:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Rea
dine
ss fo
r S
choo
l: T
he E
arly
Chi
ldho
od C
halle
nge"
, (19
92).
Sou
ther
n R
egio
nal E
duca
tion
Boa
rd: A
tlant
a, G
A.
151
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
215
ME
TH
OD
OL
OG
Y A
ND
SO
UR
CE
S
Ros
enba
um, S
., H
ughe
s, D
., H
arris
, P. &
Liu
, J.,
(199
2). "
Spe
cial
Rep
ort:
Chi
ldre
n an
d H
ealth
Insu
ranc
e", C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Wal
lace
, H.,
Rya
n, G
. & O
gles
by, A
., (1
988)
. Mat
erna
l and
Chi
ld H
ealth
Pra
ctic
es, 3
rd E
ditio
n.
Thi
rd P
arty
Pub
licat
ions
: Oak
land
, CA
.
Per
sona
l Com
mun
icat
ions
:
Car
son,
D.,C
oord
inat
or o
f Soc
ial W
ork,
Em
ory
Reg
iona
l Per
inat
al C
ente
r,G
rady
Mem
oria
l
Hos
pita
l, A
tlant
a;
Mill
s, B
., P
atie
nt A
ccou
ntin
g, M
edic
al C
olle
ge o
f Geo
rgia
, Aug
usta
;
Fla
tt, L
, Med
ical
Cen
ter
Hos
pita
l, C
olum
bus;
Dun
n, E
., D
irect
or o
f Med
ical
Rec
ords
, Med
ical
Cen
ter
of C
entr
al G
eorg
ia, M
acon
;
Tho
me,
C.,
Dire
ctor
of F
inan
cial
Pla
nnin
g, M
emor
ial M
edic
al C
ente
r, S
avan
nah
INF
AN
T D
EA
TH
S
Dat
a w
ere
com
pile
d fr
om b
irth
and
deat
h ce
rtifi
cate
rec
ords
from
198
0 th
roug
h 19
90,
thro
ugh
the
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Offi
ce o
f Vita
l Sta
tistic
s. T
he to
tal
deat
hs fo
r th
e tw
o fiv
e-ye
ar p
erio
ds fo
r in
fant
s le
ss th
an o
ne y
ear
of a
ge w
ere
the
num
erat
ors.
All
deat
hs to
infa
nts
who
se s
tate
of r
esid
ence
was
list
ed a
s G
eorg
ia -
eve
n if
the
deat
h oc
curr
ed o
utsi
de G
eorg
iaw
ere
incl
uded
in th
e co
unt.
How
ever
, dea
ths
in
Geo
rgia
to n
on-G
eorg
ia r
esid
ents
wer
e no
t inc
lude
d. T
he r
ate
was
cal
cula
ted
as 1
,000
times
the
num
ber
of in
fant
dea
ths
divi
ded
by th
e nu
mbe
r of
live
birt
hs.
If fe
wer
than
5 in
fant
dea
ths
wer
e re
cord
ed fo
r a
give
n co
unty
ove
r th
e
spec
ified
per
iod,
an
infa
nt d
eath
rat
e w
as n
ot c
alcu
late
d fo
r th
at c
ount
y.
In o
rder
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
of c
hang
e ov
er th
e de
cade
, at l
east
5 in
fant
dea
ths
mus
t hav
e oc
curr
ed in
a g
iven
cou
nty
betw
een
1981
and
198
5 an
d ag
ain
betw
een
1986
and
1990
. As
a re
sult,
cou
nty
tren
d in
form
atio
n on
infa
nt d
eath
s is
cal
cula
ted
on fe
wer
than
159
cou
ntie
s.
In s
ome
coun
ties
ther
e w
ere
eith
er n
o bi
rths
to A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
wom
en o
r
no b
irths
to w
hite
wom
en. "
NA
"(no
t app
licab
le)
is e
nter
ed in
the
tabl
e to
sig
nify
this
.
The
num
ber
of h
igh
risk
infa
nts
serv
ed in
the
four
reg
iona
l med
ical
cen
ters
is
16K
IDS
MIIN
T 1
992
renr
ainn
s F
nr C
hild
ren
152
_..
deriv
ed fr
om th
e fo
llow
ing
1991
dis
char
ges
from
neo
nata
l int
ensi
ve c
are
nurs
erie
s: 4
15
from
the
Med
ical
Col
lege
of G
eorg
ia in
Aug
usta
; 429
from
the
Med
ical
Cen
ter
Hos
pita
l in
Col
umbu
s; 4
99 fr
om th
e M
edic
al C
ente
r of
Cen
tral
Geo
rgia
in M
acon
; and
634
from
Mem
oria
l Med
ical
Cen
ter
in S
avan
nah.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
Flo
yd,V
., M
ayer
, L &
Roc
hat,
R.,
(199
0)."
Infa
nt H
ealth
in G
eorg
ia: P
rogr
ess
Dur
ing
the
1980
's, A
Dat
abas
e fo
r H
ealth
Pla
nnin
g D
urin
g th
e 19
90's
", T
he M
arch
of D
imes
Birt
h
Def
ects
Fou
ndat
ion;
The
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
Div
isio
n of
Pub
lic
Hea
lth; T
he C
ente
rs fo
r D
isea
se C
ontr
ol: A
tlant
a, G
A.
"The
Ful
ton-
Dek
alb
Hos
pita
l Aut
horit
y 19
91 A
nnua
l Rep
ort"
(19
92).
Ful
ton-
Dek
alb
Hos
pita
l Aut
horit
y: A
tlant
a, G
A.
"Hea
lthy
Peo
ple
2000
: Nat
iona
l Hea
lth P
rom
otio
n an
d D
isea
se P
reve
ntio
n O
bjec
tives
",
(199
0). U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ser
vice
. DH
HS
Pub
licat
ion
No.
(P
HS
) 91
-502
12, U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Prin
ting
Offi
ce: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
"Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook:
Sta
te P
rofil
es o
f Chi
ld W
ell-B
eing
", (
1992
). C
ente
r fo
r th
e S
tudy
of S
ocia
l Pol
icy:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Tro
ublin
g T
rend
s: T
he H
ealth
of A
mer
ica'
s N
ext G
ener
atio
n", (
Feb
ruar
y, 1
990)
.
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
to P
reve
nt In
fant
Mor
talit
y: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
Per
sona
l Com
mun
icat
ions
:
Car
son,
D.,
Coo
rdin
ator
of S
ocia
l Wor
k, E
mor
y R
egio
nal P
erin
atal
Cen
ter,
Gra
dy
Mem
oria
l Hos
pita
l, A
tlant
a;
Mill
s, B
., P
atie
nt A
ccou
ntin
g, M
edic
al C
olle
ge o
f Geo
rgia
, Aug
usta
;
Fla
tt, L
, Med
ical
Cen
ter
Hos
pita
l, C
olum
bus;
Dun
n, E
., D
irect
or o
f Med
ical
Rec
ords
, Med
ical
Cen
ter
of C
entr
al G
eorg
ia, M
acon
;
Tho
me,
C.,
Dire
ctor
of F
inan
cial
Pla
nnin
g, M
emor
ial M
edic
al C
ente
r, S
avan
nah
1153
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
AN
D S
OU
RC
ES
"ge:
WE
IVT
Y,
.:it-
"r,V
1:20
1011
1104
;111
-4.4
-4;1
4,',1
41t
:FIN
IEW
Itigi
nter
,V ig
en'
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
Dat
a w
ere
com
pile
d fr
om d
eath
cer
tific
ate
reco
rds
from
198
0 th
roug
h 19
90, t
hrou
gh th
e
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
Offi
ce o
f Vita
l Sta
tistic
s. D
eath
s du
e to
all
caus
es to
chi
ldre
n ag
es o
ne th
roug
h fo
urte
en w
ho w
ere
Geo
rgia
res
iden
ts w
ere
used
for
the
rate
num
erat
or. T
he d
enom
inat
ors
wer
e es
timat
ed fr
om a
line
ar e
xtra
pola
tion
of th
e
1980
and
199
0 ce
nsus
pop
ulat
ion
valu
es. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
1981
chi
ld p
opul
atio
n is
calc
ulat
ed a
s th
e 19
80 p
opul
atio
n pl
us o
ne-t
enth
of t
he c
hang
e in
pop
ulat
ion
from
198
0
to 1
990.
The
num
ber
of c
hild
-yea
rs fo
r a
five
year
per
iod
is th
e su
m o
f the
chi
ld
popu
latio
ns fo
r th
e fiv
e ye
ars.
The
rat
e w
as c
alcu
late
d as
100
,000
tim
es th
e nu
mbe
r of
child
dea
ths
divi
ded
by th
e nu
mbe
r of
chi
ld-y
ears
.
If fe
wer
than
5 c
hild
dea
ths
wer
e re
cord
ed fo
r a
give
n co
unty
ove
r th
e sp
ecifi
ed
perio
d, a
chi
ld d
eath
rat
e w
as n
ot c
alcu
late
d fo
r th
at c
ount
y.
In o
rder
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
of c
hang
e ov
er th
e de
cade
, at l
east
5 c
hild
dea
ths
mus
t hav
e oc
curr
ed in
a g
iven
cou
nty
betw
een
1981
and
198
5 an
d ag
ain
betw
een
1986
and
1990
. As
a re
sult,
cou
nty
tren
d in
form
atio
n on
chi
ld d
eath
s is
cal
cula
ted
on fe
wer
than
159
cou
ntie
s.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
"Ass
essm
ent o
f Chi
ldre
n 21
-23
Mon
ths
of A
ge",
(19
9 I )
.Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an
Res
ourc
es, D
ivis
ion
of P
ublic
Hea
lth, M
ater
nal a
nd C
hild
Hea
lth B
ranc
h, Im
mun
izat
ion
Pro
gram
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
"Hea
lthy
Peo
ple
2000
: Nat
iona
l Hea
lth P
rom
otio
n an
d D
isea
se P
reve
ntio
n O
bjec
tives
",
(199
0). U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
and
Hum
an S
ervi
ces,
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ser
vice
. DH
HS
Pub
licat
ion
No.
(P
HS
) 91
-502
12, U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Prin
ting
Offi
ce: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
"Im
mun
izat
ion
in G
eorg
ia",
(F
ebru
ary,
199
2). G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Res
ourc
es,
Offi
ce o
f Com
mun
icat
ions
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Rod
rigue
z, J
uan
G. &
Bro
wn,
Stu
art T
. (Ju
ne, 1
990)
. "C
hild
hood
Inju
ries
in th
e U
nite
d
Sta
tes"
, Am
eric
an J
ourn
al o
f Dis
ease
s of
Chi
ldre
n, V
ol. 1
44. A
mer
ican
Med
ical
Ass
ocia
tion
154
TE
EN
VIO
LEN
T D
EA
TH
S
Dat
a w
ere
com
pile
d fr
om d
eath
cer
tific
ate
reco
rds
from
198
0 th
roug
h 19
90, t
hrou
gh th
e
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
Offi
ce o
f Vita
l Sta
tistic
s. T
he m
etho
dolo
gy fo
r
calc
ulat
ion
of th
e te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
rat
e w
as th
e sa
me
as th
at u
sed
for
child
dea
th r
ate.
The
vio
lent
dea
ths
to p
erso
ns a
ges
15 to
19
wer
e id
entif
ied
from
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
Dis
ease
s (I
CD
9)
"sho
rt c
odes
" an
d in
clud
e al
l dea
ths
with
cod
es fr
om
50 to
62,
incl
usiv
e. T
his
does
incl
ude
amon
g "v
iole
nt"
deat
hs d
eath
s du
e to
med
ical
com
plic
atio
ns (
code
55)
and
adv
erse
dru
g re
actio
n (c
ode
59).
If fe
wer
than
5 te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
s w
ere
reco
rded
for
a gi
ven
coun
ty o
ver
the
spec
ified
per
iod,
a te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
rat
e w
as n
ot c
alcu
late
d fo
r th
at c
ount
y.
In o
rder
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
of c
hang
e ov
er th
e de
cade
, at l
east
5 te
en v
iole
nt
deat
hs m
ust h
ave
occu
rred
in a
giv
en c
ount
y be
twee
n 19
81 a
nd 1
985
and
agai
n be
twee
n
1986
and
199
0. A
s a
resu
lt, c
ount
y tr
end
info
rmat
ion
on te
en v
iole
nt d
eath
s is
cal
cula
ted
on fe
wer
than
159
cou
ntie
s.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
"Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook:
Sta
te P
rofil
es o
f Chi
ld W
ell-B
eing
", (
1992
). C
ente
r fo
r th
e S
tudy
of S
ocia
l Pol
icy:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Mill
er, A
., F
ine,
A. &
Ada
ms-
Tay
lor,
S. (
1989
). "
Mon
itorin
g C
hild
ren'
s H
ealth
: Key
Indi
cato
rs",
Am
eric
an P
ublic
Hea
lth A
ssoc
iatio
n: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
C.
Nat
iona
l Com
mitt
ee fo
r In
jury
Pre
vent
ion
and
Con
trol
, (19
89).
"In
jury
Pre
vent
ion:
Mee
ting
the
Cha
lleng
e", A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of P
reve
ntiv
e M
edic
ine,
vol
.5 (
3 su
ppl.)
, I -
303.
Nat
riello
, G.,
Ed.
, (19
87).
Sch
ool D
ropo
uts:
Pat
tern
s an
d P
olic
ies,
Tea
cher
s C
olle
ge P
ress
,
Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsity
: New
Yor
k
Sim
ons,
J.,
Fin
lay,
B. &
Yan
g, A
., (1
991)
. "T
he A
dole
scen
t and
You
ng A
dult
Fac
t Boo
k",
Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
155
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
111
ME
TH
OL
OG
YSO
UR
CE
S
Per
sona
l Com
mun
icat
ion:
Con
e, M
., D
irect
or o
f Ado
lesc
ent a
nd W
omen
's S
ervi
ces,
Sub
stan
ce A
buse
Ser
vice
s
Sec
tion,
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Atla
nta,
GA
. Oct
ober
, 199
2.
AB
US
ED
AN
D N
EG
LEC
TE
D C
HIL
DR
EN
The
dat
a on
Chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
are
from
a 3
0-m
onth
stu
dy c
omm
issi
oned
by
the
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Dep
artm
ent o
f Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s S
ervi
ces
and
Div
isio
n of
Pub
lic H
ealth
, con
duct
ed in
con
junc
tion
with
the
Cen
ters
for
Dis
ease
Con
trol
, Div
isio
n of
Inju
ry P
reve
ntio
n. D
ata
are
base
d on
con
firm
ed c
ases
in G
eorg
ia fo
r
the
perio
d Ja
nuar
y, 1
987
thro
ugh
June
, 198
9.
Cas
es o
f chi
ld a
buse
and
neg
lect
are
rep
orte
d to
the
Chi
ld P
rote
ctiv
e S
ervi
ces
(CP
S)
depa
rtm
ent o
f the
Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s S
ervi
ces.
Rep
orts
of s
uspe
cted
child
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct a
re in
vest
igat
ed b
y C
PS
wor
kers
to d
eter
min
e th
e ve
raci
ty o
f the
repo
rt. T
he r
ates
are
con
firm
ed c
ases
per
1,0
00 c
hild
- y
ears
, and
the
rate
s ar
e ra
ce,
gend
er a
nd a
ge a
djus
ted.
Of s
ever
al r
epor
ting
syst
ems
mai
ntai
ned
by C
PS
, the
chi
ld a
buse
reg
istr
y of
all
conf
irmed
cas
es w
as c
hose
n be
caus
e it
used
con
sist
ent d
efin
ition
s fo
r th
e tim
e pe
riod
of
the
stud
y. H
owev
er, t
he s
tudy
cau
tions
aga
inst
furt
her
proj
ectio
ns o
f chi
ld a
buse
and
negl
ect r
epor
ts b
ased
on
the
findi
ngs
due
to "
fact
ors
asso
ciat
ed w
ith C
PS
's d
ata
syst
ems
and
case
def
initi
ons"
. CP
S is
in th
e pr
oces
s of
rev
isin
g its
dat
a co
llect
ion
syst
em.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
Dar
o, D
., (1
988)
. Con
fron
ting
Chi
ld A
buse
: Res
earc
h fo
r E
ffect
ive
Pro
gram
Des
ign,
The
Fre
e
Pre
ss/M
acm
illan
: New
Yor
k
Hel
fer,
R &
Kem
pe S
., (1
987)
. The
Bat
tere
d C
hild
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Chi
cago
Pre
ss: C
hica
go.
Jaco
bson
, W.,
(199
1). "
Chi
ld A
buse
and
the
Cou
rts:
Is M
cMar
tin th
e B
est W
e C
an D
o?".
,
Soc
ial T
houg
ht, 1
7 (1
),I 2
-21.
"Nat
iona
l Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
Dat
a S
yste
m, W
orki
ng P
aper
1, 1
990
Sum
mar
y D
ata
Com
pone
nt",
(A
pril,
199
2). D
HH
S 'P
ublic
atio
n N
o. (
AC
F)
92-3
0361
, Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
on
18K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
991
Geo
rgia
ns F
orC
hild
r115
6
Iv44
4
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
: Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
+...
ar,
Rep
ort o
f Fro
ehlk
e, R
. G.,
MD
, (M
ay 1
9,19
92).
"In
crea
se in
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
Rep
orts
".,
Div
isio
n of
Inju
ry C
ontr
ol, C
ente
rs fo
r D
isea
se C
ontr
ol: A
tlant
a, G
A.
JUV
EN
ILE
S C
OM
MIT
TE
D T
O S
TA
TE
CU
ST
OD
Y
The
Dep
artm
ent o
f Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
Ser
vice
s pr
ovid
ed d
ata
on th
e nu
mbe
r of
you
th
ages
10
thro
ugh
17 w
ho w
ere
plac
ed b
y co
urt o
rder
in s
tate
cus
tody
. The
cus
tody
rat
e
for
a gi
ven
year
is 1
000
times
the
num
ber
of p
lace
d yo
uth
divi
ded
by th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of
yout
h ag
es 1
0 th
roug
h 17
.
If fe
wer
than
5 ju
veni
le c
omm
itmen
ts w
ere
reco
rded
for
a gi
ven
coun
ty o
ver
the
spec
ified
per
iod,
a ju
veni
le c
omm
itmen
t rat
e w
as n
ot c
alcu
late
d fo
r th
at c
ount
y.
In o
rder
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
of c
hang
e ov
er th
e de
cade
, at l
east
5 ju
veni
le
com
mitm
ents
mus
t hav
e oc
curr
ed in
a g
iven
cou
nty
in 1
982
and
agai
n in
1991
. As
a
resu
lt, c
ount
y tr
end
info
rmat
ion
on ju
veni
le c
omm
itmen
ts is
cal
cula
ted
on fe
wer
than
159
coun
ties.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
"Ann
ual R
epor
t on
the
Wor
k of
the
Geo
rgia
Cou
rts
( I 3
th a
nd 1
8th
repo
rts)
," (
Win
ter,
1992
). A
dmin
istr
ativ
e O
ffice
s of
the
Cou
rts.
Atla
nta,
GA
.
"Div
isio
n of
You
th S
ervi
ces:
Ann
ual R
epor
t FY
9 I
(199
1). G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an R
esou
rces
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Div
isio
n of
Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
Ser
vice
s:
Atla
nta,
GA
.
Per
sona
l Com
mun
icat
ion:
Man
dell,
M.L
, Dire
ctor
of M
anag
emen
t Inf
orm
atio
n S
ervi
ces,
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f
You
th S
ervi
ces,
Atla
nta,
Ga.
Oct
ober
, 199
2.
"Uni
form
Crim
e R
epor
ting
Dat
a B
ase"
, (19
9 I
Geo
rgia
Crim
e In
form
atio
n C
ente
r,
157
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
AN
D S
OU
RC
ES
Geo
rgia
Bur
eau
Of I
nves
tigat
ion:
Atla
nta,
GA
.
BIR
TH
S T
O T
EE
NS
The
sum
ove
r fiv
e ye
ars
of li
ve b
irths
to a
ll w
omen
who
se a
ge a
t del
iver
y w
as le
ss th
an
18 is
the
num
erat
or fo
r th
e te
en b
irth
rate
cal
cula
tion.
(A
ge a
t del
iver
y is
cal
cula
ted
from
birt
h ce
rtifi
cate
dat
a -
the
diffe
renc
e be
twee
n m
othe
r's d
ate
of b
irth
and
the
infa
nt's
birt
h
date
.) T
he d
enom
inat
or is
the
sum
of t
he 1
5 to
17
year
old
fem
ale
popu
latio
n fo
r th
e
five
year
per
iod.
If fe
wer
than
10
birt
hs to
teen
s w
ere
reco
rded
for
a gi
ven
coun
ty o
ver
the
spec
ified
per
iod,
a r
ate
of b
irths
to te
ens
was
not
cal
cula
ted
for
that
cou
nty.
In o
rder
to c
alcu
late
a r
ate
of c
hang
e ov
er a
nd a
gain
bet
wee
n 19
86 a
nd 1
990.
As
a re
sult,
cou
nty
tren
d in
form
atio
n on
birt
hs to
teen
s is
cal
cula
ted
on fe
wer
than
159
coun
ties.
In s
ome
coun
ties
ther
e w
ere
eith
er n
o bi
rths
to fe
mal
e A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
teen
s
or to
fem
ale
whi
te te
ens.
"N
A"(
not a
pplic
able
) is
ent
ered
in th
e ta
ble
to s
igni
fy th
is.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
"A S
tate
-By-
Sta
te lo
ok a
t Tee
nage
Chi
ldbe
arin
g in
the
U.S
., (1
991)
. Cha
rles
Ste
war
t Mot
t
Fou
ndat
ion:
Flin
t, M
ichi
gan
"Ado
lesc
ent P
regn
ancy
in G
eorg
ia: B
ackg
roun
der"
, (F
ebru
ary,
199
2). G
eorg
ia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Offi
ce o
f Com
mun
icat
ions
.: A
tlant
a, G
A.
Ahl
burg
, D. &
De
Vita
, C.,
(199
2). "
New
Rea
litie
s of
the
Am
eric
an F
amily
", P
opul
atio
n
Bul
letin
, 47
(2).
"Exp
endi
ture
s an
d In
vest
men
ts: A
dole
scen
t Pre
gnan
cy in
the
Sou
th",
(19
92).
Sou
ther
n
Cen
ter
on A
dole
scen
t Pre
gnan
cy P
reve
ntio
n: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
Hay
es, C
., E
d., (
1987
). R
iski
ng th
e F
utur
e: A
dole
scen
t Sex
ualit
y, P
regn
ancy
and
Chi
ldbe
arin
g,
Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y P
ress
: Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
158
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L D
RO
PO
UT
S
Dat
a on
the
educ
atio
n st
atus
of y
outh
age
s 16
thro
ugh
19 is
com
pile
d fr
om in
form
atio
n
from
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s. T
he d
ropo
ut r
ate
was
est
imat
ed fr
om th
e da
ta in
tabl
es P
47 (
ST
F 3
A, 1
980)
and
PB
49 (
ST
F 4
B, 1
980)
and
tabl
e P
61 (
ST
F 3
A, 1
990)
. The
rate
was
cal
cula
ted
by d
ivid
ing
the
num
ber
of y
outh
who
wer
e no
t hig
h sc
hool
gra
duat
es
and
wer
e no
t enr
olle
d in
sch
ool b
y th
e su
m o
f all
yout
h.
Dat
a on
the
educ
atio
n le
vel o
f adu
lts o
ver
the
age
of 2
5 w
ere
obta
ined
from
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s, ta
bles
48
(ST
F 3
A, 1
980)
and
P58
(S
TF
3A
, 199
0). T
he
perc
ent o
f adu
lts w
ith le
ss th
an a
hig
h sc
hool
edu
catio
n an
d th
e pe
rcen
t with
a c
olle
ge
(fou
r ye
ar)
degr
ee w
ere
calc
ulat
ed u
sing
the
tota
l num
ber
of a
dults
ove
r 25
as
the
deno
min
ator
. The
def
initi
on o
f edu
catio
n le
vels
var
ied
betw
een
cens
uses
, how
ever
bot
h
num
erat
or g
roup
s co
uld
be u
niqu
ely
defin
ed.
In s
ome
coun
ties
ther
e w
ere
eith
er n
o A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
teen
s ag
es 1
6 to
19,
or
no w
hite
teen
s in
this
age
gro
up. "
NA
"(no
t app
licab
le)
is e
nter
ed in
the
tabl
e to
sig
nify
this
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
"The
Cha
lleng
e of
Cha
nge:
Wha
t the
199
0 C
ensu
s T
ells
Us
Abo
ut C
hild
ren"
, (19
92).
Tab
le 3
2, P
opul
atio
n R
efer
ence
Bur
eau:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Edu
catio
nal B
ench
mar
ks 1
992"
, (19
92).
Sou
ther
n R
egio
nal E
duca
tion
Boa
rd: A
tlant
a, G
A.
"Fiv
e M
illio
n C
hild
ren:
A S
tatis
tical
Pro
file
of O
ur P
oore
st Y
oung
Citi
zens
", (
1990
).
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
, Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsity
New
Yor
k.
"Geo
rgia
200
0 P
artn
ersh
ip: A
Com
mun
ity G
uide
for
Edu
catio
nal I
mpr
ovem
ent"
,(19
92).
Geo
rgia
200
0 P
artn
ersh
ip C
omm
ittee
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Lab
or, L
abor
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
s, A
tlant
a, G
A.
"Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Sta
te P
rofil
es o
f Chi
ld W
ell-B
eing
", (
1992
). C
ente
r fo
r th
e S
tudy
of S
ocia
l Pol
icy:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
159
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
MS
CO
UN
T 1
992
19
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
AN
D S
OU
RC
ES
Nat
iona
l Com
mitt
ee fo
r In
jury
Pre
vent
ion
and
Con
trol
, (19
89).
"In
jury
Pre
vent
ion:
Mee
ting
the
Cha
lleng
e", A
mer
ican
Jou
rnal
of P
reve
ntiv
e M
edic
ine,
vol
. 5 (
3 su
ppl.)
,1-3
03.
Nat
riello
, G.,
Ed.
, (19
87).
Sch
ool D
ropo
uts:
Pat
tern
s an
d P
olic
ies,
Tea
cher
s C
olle
ge P
ress
,
Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsity
: New
Yor
k.
"Rea
dine
ss fo
r S
choo
l: T
he E
arly
Chi
ldho
od C
halle
nge"
, (19
92).
Sou
ther
n R
egio
nal
Edu
catio
n B
oard
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Tra
pnel
l, G
., (1
990)
. "T
he G
eorg
ia W
orkf
orce
199
020
00 a
nd th
e P
roje
cted
Voc
atio
nal
Tec
hnic
al E
duca
tion
Res
pons
e". G
eorg
ia C
ounc
il on
Voc
atio
nal E
duca
tion:
Atla
nta,
GA
.
CH
ILD
RE
N IN
PO
VE
RT
Y
The
cou
nt o
f chi
ldre
n (le
ss th
an 1
8 ye
ars
of a
ge)
livin
g in
pov
erty
was
obt
aine
d fr
om th
e
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s ta
bles
PB
117
(S
TF
4B
, 198
0) a
nd P
119
(S
TF
3A
, 199
0). T
he
perc
ent o
f chi
ldre
n in
pov
erty
is 1
00 ti
mes
the
num
ber
livin
g in
pov
erty
div
ided
by
the
tota
l num
ber
of c
hild
ren.
Ave
rage
ren
ts w
ere
calc
ulat
ed fr
om th
e F
eder
al R
egis
ter
57-
4546
8 on
fair
mar
ket r
ents
for
a tw
o-be
droo
m a
part
men
t.
In s
ome
coun
ties
ther
e w
ere
no A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
chi
ldre
n re
port
ed in
the
1990
Cen
sus
enum
erat
ion.
"N
A"
(not
app
licab
le)
is e
nter
ed in
the
tabl
e to
sig
nify
this
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
"Aid
to F
amili
es w
ith D
epen
dent
Chi
ldre
n: B
ackg
roun
der"
, (F
ebru
ary,
199
2). G
eorg
ia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Offi
ce o
f Com
mun
icat
ions
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Bac
htel
, D. &
Boa
trig
ht, S
. Eds
. (19
92).
"T
he G
eorg
ia C
ount
y G
uide
, Ele
vent
h E
ditio
n",
pp. 1
63 -
164,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Geo
rgia
Coo
pera
tive
Ext
ensi
on S
ervi
ce: A
then
s, G
a.
"The
Cha
lleng
e of
Cha
nge:
Wha
t the
199
0 C
ensu
s T
ells
Us
Abo
ut C
hild
ren"
, (19
92).
Tab
les
15, 2
7, 3
0, P
opul
atio
n R
efer
nce
Bur
eau:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Yea
r 19
90).
Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s S
ervi
ces,
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Sup
port
Sec
tion:
Atla
nta,
GA
.
Fed
eral
Reg
iste
r 57
4546
8, (
Oct
ober
1,
1992
). G
over
nmen
t Prin
ting
Offi
ce:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Fiv
e M
illio
n C
hild
ren:
A S
tatis
tical
Pro
file
of O
ur P
oore
st Y
oung
Citi
zens
", (
1990
).
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
, Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsity
: New
Yor
k.
"Wha
t's H
appe
ning
to O
ur C
hild
ren?
", (
1991
). C
hild
ren
Now
: Los
Ang
eles
, CA
.
FA
MIL
Y S
ET
TIN
GS
The
dat
a on
fam
ily s
truc
ture
s in
whi
ch c
hild
ren
live
wer
e ob
tain
ed fr
om th
e U
.S. B
urea
u
of th
e C
ensu
s, ta
ble
P21
(S
TF
1,
1990
). T
hese
tabl
es p
rovi
de in
form
atio
n on
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
livin
g w
ith b
oth
pare
nts,
with
one
par
ent (
mal
e), w
ith o
ne p
aren
t (fe
mal
e),
with
oth
er r
elat
ives
, and
in o
ther
situ
atio
ns. T
he p
erce
nt o
f chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
was
cal
cula
ted
as 1
00 ti
mes
the
sum
of s
ingl
e pa
rent
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e -
child
ren
divi
ded
by th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of
chi
ldre
n. RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
"Ado
lesc
ent P
regn
ancy
in G
eorg
ia: B
ackg
roun
der"
, (F
ebru
ary,
199
2). G
eorg
ia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Offi
ce o
f Com
mun
icat
ions
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
"Ado
ptio
n: F
act S
heet
", (
Feb
ruar
y, 1
992)
. Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
,
Offi
ce o
f Com
mun
icat
ions
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Ahl
burg
, D. &
De
Vita
, C.,
(199
2). "
New
Rea
litie
s of
the
Am
eric
an F
amily
", P
opul
atio
n
Bul
letin
, 47
(2).
"The
Cha
lleng
e of
Cha
nge:
Wha
t the
199
0 C
ensu
s T
ells
Us
Abo
ut C
hild
ren"
, (19
92).
.-.
Tab
le I2
, Pop
ulat
ion
Ref
eren
ce B
urea
u: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
"Des
crip
tive
Dat
a R
elat
ing
to th
e D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Ser
vice
s" (
Sta
te F
isca
l
811
Kin
crni
orno
wC
onra
innc
Fnr
rhi
lrfrp
n1
g16
1
,L. 1
.11,
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
AN
D S
OU
RC
ES
"Chi
ld P
over
ty in
Am
eric
a", (
1991
). C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Fiv
e M
illio
n C
hild
ren:
A S
tatis
tical
Pro
file
of O
ur P
oore
st Y
oung
Citi
zens
", (
1990
).
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
, Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsity
New
Yor
k
"Fos
ter
Car
e: F
act S
heet
", (
Feb
ruar
y, 1
992)
. Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
,
Offi
ce o
f Com
mun
icat
ions
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
FA
MIL
Y IN
CO
ME
The
med
ian
fam
ily in
com
e w
as o
btai
ned
from
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s, ta
bles
74
(ST
F 3
A, 1
980)
and
P 1
07A
(S
TF
3A
, 199
0). M
edia
n fa
mily
inco
mes
in th
is s
ectio
n ar
e
expr
esse
d in
198
9 do
llars
. To
dete
rmin
e th
e ad
just
ed fi
gure
, the
Con
sum
er P
rice
Inde
x
for
Dec
embe
r, 1
989
(126
.1)
was
div
ided
by
the
Con
sum
er P
rice
Inde
x fo
r D
ecem
ber,
1979
(76
.7)
for
an a
djus
tmen
t rat
e of
1.6
4. A
ll 19
79 d
olla
rs w
ere
mul
tiplie
d by
1.6
4.
The
mea
n in
com
e fo
r fa
mili
es w
ith c
hild
ren
was
der
ived
from
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s, ta
bles
PI9
and
P 1
09, S
TF
3A
, 199
0. A
ggre
gate
fam
ily in
com
e w
as th
e
num
erat
or fo
r th
e ca
lcul
atio
n of
the
mea
n (a
vera
ge)
inco
me,
and
the
num
ber
of fa
mili
es
with
"ow
n ch
ildre
n un
der
age
18"
was
the
deno
min
ator
.
Inco
me
gaps
are
bas
ed o
n ra
nkin
gs o
f fam
ilies
(in
clud
ing
thos
e w
ithou
t chi
ldre
n)
into
inco
me
fifth
s. A
ll fa
mili
es in
the
stat
e ar
e ra
nked
acc
ordi
ng to
inco
me
leve
l, an
d th
en
divi
ded
into
five
gro
ups
("fif
ths"
) of
equ
al s
ize.
Cha
nges
in e
ach
grou
p's
aver
age
inco
me
over
tim
e is
then
mea
sure
d.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
Ahl
burg
, D. &
De
Vita
, C.,
(199
2). "
New
Rea
litie
s of
the
Am
eric
an F
amily
", P
opul
atio
n
Bul
letin
, 47
(2).
"Aid
to F
amili
es w
ith D
epen
dent
Chi
ldre
n: B
ackg
roun
der"
, (F
ebru
ary,
199
2). G
eorg
ia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Offi
ce o
f Com
mun
icat
ions
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Bac
htel
, D. &
Boa
trig
ht, S
. Eds
. (19
92).
"T
he G
eorg
ia C
ount
y G
uide
, Ele
vent
h E
ditio
n",
pp. 1
63-
164,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Geo
rgia
Coo
pera
tive
Ext
ensi
on S
ervi
ce: A
then
s, G
A.
1.62
'"1
--
'
Bar
anci
k, S
. & S
hapi
ro, I
. (19
92).
"W
here
Hav
e A
ll th
e D
olla
rs G
one?
A S
tate
-By-
Sta
te
Ana
lysi
s of
Inco
me
Dis
parit
ies
over
the
1980
's".
Cen
ter
on B
udge
t and
Pol
icy
Prio
ritie
s:
Was
hing
ton,
D.0
"The
Cha
lleng
e of
Cha
nge:
Wha
t the
199
0 C
ensu
s T
ells
Us
Abo
ut C
hild
ren"
, (19
92).
Tab
les
15 a
nd 2
6, P
opul
atio
n R
efer
ence
Bur
eau:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Des
crip
tive
Dat
a R
elat
ing
to th
e D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Ser
vice
s" (
Sta
te F
isca
l
Yea
r 19
90).
Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s S
ervi
ces,
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Sup
port
Sec
tion:
Atla
nta,
GA
.
"Fiv
e M
illio
n C
hild
ren:
A S
tatis
tical
Pro
file
of O
ur P
oore
st Y
oung
Citi
zens
", (
1990
).
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
erty
, Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsity
New
Yor
k.
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Lab
or, L
abor
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
s: A
tlant
a, G
A.
"Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook
Sta
te P
rofil
es o
f Chi
ld W
ell-B
eing
", (
1992
). C
ente
r fo
r th
e S
tudy
of S
ocia
l Pol
icy.
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Ros
enba
um, S
., H
ughe
s, D
., H
arris
, P. &
Liu
, J.,
(199
2). "
Spe
cial
Rep
ort:
Chi
ldre
n an
d
Hea
lth In
sura
nce"
, Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
MA
TE
RN
AL
EM
PLO
YM
EN
T
The
dat
a on
labo
r fo
rce
stat
us o
f mot
hers
with
chi
ldre
n un
der
18 w
ere
obta
ined
from
the
U.S
. Bur
eau
of th
e C
ensu
s, ta
bles
57
(ST
F 3
A, 1
980)
and
P73
(S
TF
3A
, 199
0). T
he
1980
dat
a on
ly li
sted
mot
hers
as
in o
r ou
t of t
he la
bor
forc
e, w
hile
the
1990
dat
a
incl
uded
a c
ateg
ory
of u
nem
ploy
ed. T
he c
alcu
latio
n of
per
cent
of w
omen
in th
e la
bor
forc
e in
clud
ed (
for
1990
) un
empl
oyed
wom
en w
ith e
mpl
oyed
as
the
num
erat
or a
nd
used
all
wom
en w
ith c
hild
ren
unde
r 18
as
the
deno
min
ator
.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
Ada
ms,
G.,
(199
0)."
Who
Kno
ws
How
Saf
e? T
he S
tatu
s of
Sta
te E
ffort
s to
Ens
ure
Qua
lity
163
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
KID
S C
OU
NT
199
281
ME
TH
OD
OLO
GY
AN
D S
OU
RC
ES
Chi
ld C
are"
, Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
Ada
ms,
G. &
San
dfor
t, J.
, (19
92).
"S
tate
Inve
stm
ents
in C
hild
Car
e an
d E
arly
Chi
ldho
od
Edu
catio
n". C
hild
ren'
s D
efen
se F
und:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Ahl
burg
, D. &
De
Vita
, C.,
(199
2). "
New
Rea
litie
s of
the
Am
eric
an F
amily
", P
opul
atio
n
Bul
letin
, 47
(2).
"The
Cha
lleng
e of
Cha
nge:
Wha
t the
199
0 C
ensu
s T
ells
Us
Abo
ut C
hild
ren"
, (19
92).
Tab
le 2
0, P
opul
atio
n R
efer
ence
Bur
eau:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Chi
ld C
are
in G
eorg
ia: B
ackg
roun
der"
,(F
ebru
ary,
199
2). G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Res
ourc
es, O
ffice
of C
omm
unic
atio
ns: A
tlant
a, G
A.
"Chi
ld S
uppo
rt E
nfor
cem
ent.
Fift
eent
h A
nnua
l Rep
ort t
o C
ongr
ess
for
the
Per
iod
End
ing
Sep
tem
ber
30, 1
990"
, U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth a
nd H
uman
Ser
vice
s, A
dmin
istr
atio
n
for
Chi
ldre
n an
d F
amili
es, O
ffice
of C
hild
Sup
port
Enf
orce
men
t, D
HH
S P
ublic
atio
n N
o.
(AC
F 9
2-33
001)
, U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent P
rintin
g O
ffice
: Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
"Chi
ldre
n an
d G
eorg
ia's
FY
199
3 B
udge
t: A
Prim
er",
(19
92).
Geo
rgia
ns fo
r C
hild
ren:
Atla
nta,
GA
.
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Offi
ce o
f Reg
ulat
ory
Ser
vice
s: A
tlant
a, G
A.
"FY
92
Des
crip
tive
Dat
a: C
hild
Sup
port
Rec
over
y", (
Aug
ust,
1992
). G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t
of H
uman
Res
ourc
es, D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Ser
vice
s: A
tlant
a, G
A.
Hay
es, C
., P
alm
er, J
. & Z
aslo
w, M
., E
ds.,(
1 9
90).
Who
Car
es fo
r A
mer
ica'
s C
hild
ren?
Chi
ld
Car
e P
olic
y fo
r th
e 19
90's
, Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y P
ress
: Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
TE
AC
H '9
1 A
nnua
l Rep
ort "
,. (1
999.
.Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Div
isio
n'
of F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Ser
vice
s: A
tlant
a, G
A
82K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
164
Ros
enba
um, S
., H
ughe
s, D
., H
arris
, P. &
Liu
, J.,
(199
2). "
Spe
cial
Rep
ort:
Chi
ldre
n an
d
Hea
lth In
sura
nce"
, Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
GE
NE
RA
L R
EF
ER
EN
CE
S
"Bey
ond
Rhe
toric
: A N
ew A
mer
ican
Age
nda
for
Chi
ldre
n an
d F
amili
es. F
inal
Rep
ort o
f
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Chi
ldre
n", (
1991
). U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Prin
ting
Offi
ce:
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Boy
er, E
., (1
991)
. Rea
dy T
o Le
arn:
A M
anda
te fo
r th
e N
atio
n, T
he C
arne
gie
Fou
ndat
ion
for
the
Adv
ance
men
t of T
each
ing:
Prin
ceto
n, N
J.
Ede
lman
, P.,
& L
adne
r, J
., E
ds.,
(199
1). A
dole
scen
ce a
nd P
over
ty: C
halle
nge
for
the
1990
's,
Cen
ter
For
Nat
iona
l Pol
icy
Pre
ss: L
anha
m, M
D.
"Geo
rgia
's F
utur
e: In
vest
ing
in C
hild
ren"
(19
92).
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren:
Atla
nta,
GA
.
Hay
es, C
., P
alm
er, J
. & Z
aslo
w, M
., E
ds.,(
199
0). W
ho C
ares
for
Am
eric
a's
Chi
ldre
n? C
hild
Car
e P
olic
y fo
r th
e 19
90's
, Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y P
ress
: Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Hec
hing
er, F
., (1
992)
. Fat
eful
Cho
ices
: Hea
lthy
You
th fo
r th
e 21
st C
entu
ry, C
arne
gie
Cor
pora
tion
of N
ew Y
ork:
New
Yor
k.
Kle
rman
, L, (
1991
). "
Aliv
e an
d W
ell?
A R
esea
rch
and
Pol
icy
Rev
iew
of H
ealth
Pro
gram
s
for
Poo
r Y
oung
Chi
ldre
n", N
atio
nal C
ente
r fo
r C
hild
ren
in P
over
ty: N
ew Y
ork.
"Rea
dine
ss fo
r S
choo
l: T
he E
arly
Chi
ldho
od C
halle
nge"
, (19
92).
Sou
ther
n R
egio
nal
Edu
catio
n B
oard
: Atla
nta,
GA
.
Ros
enba
um, S
., H
ughe
s, D
., H
arris
, P. &
Liu
, J.,
(199
2). "
Spe
cial
Rep
ort:
Chi
ldre
n an
d
Hea
lth In
sura
nce"
, Chi
ldre
n's
Def
ense
Fun
d: W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
. Sch
orr,
L, -
(198
9). W
ithin
' Our
',Rea
ch: p
reak
ing
the
Cyc
le ,o
f Dis
adva
ntag
e, D
oubl
eday
:
.N
ew Y
ork
165
AC
KN
OW
LE
DG
EM
EN
TS
GE
OR
GIA
KID
S C
OU
NT
is a
pro
ject
of G
eorg
ians
for
Chi
ldre
n in
col
labo
ratio
n
with
the
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
and
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n,
and
the
Em
ory
Uni
vers
ity S
choo
l of P
ublic
Hea
lth.
The
Geo
rgia
KID
S C
OU
NT
Fac
tboo
k 19
92 is
the
colla
bora
tive
effo
rt o
f man
y
indi
vidu
als.
Geo
rgia
ns fo
r C
hild
ren
Sta
ff m
embe
rs: L
aurie
Dop
kins
, PhD
(Kid
s C
ount
Pro
ject
Dire
ctor
), W
endy
Jac
obso
n, M
SW
(Pol
icy
Ass
ocia
te),
Ken
Bes
s, M
elin
da
Mai
ns, M
SW
, Mic
hele
Tob
y, K
risti
Sum
ner
Mils
tead
, She
rrie
McC
orm
ick,
Joe
l
Lips
itch
and
Cai
tlin
Hal
ligan
, alo
ng w
ith J
ohn
Car
ter,
MP
H, P
hD o
f the
Em
ory
Uni
vers
ity S
choo
l of P
ublic
Hea
lth, D
epar
tmen
t of E
pide
mio
logy
, and
Rog
er R
ocha
t,
MD
of t
he G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Res
ourc
es, D
ivis
ion
of P
ublic
Hea
lth,
Offi
ce o
f Epi
dem
iolo
gy.
Spe
cial
than
ks to
GF
C B
oard
mem
bers
Mar
y F
ranc
es W
illia
ms
and
Ann
Ros
ewat
er
for
on-g
oing
sup
port
, gui
danc
e an
d ed
itoria
l ass
ista
nce
and
to G
FC
Boa
rd M
embe
rs
Joyc
e E
ssie
n an
d B
etty
Ann
Coo
k, D
eb B
auer
, Ha
la H
ess
Whi
te a
nd C
hery
l
Ras
kind
-Hoo
d fo
r th
eir
edito
rial a
ssis
tanc
e, to
Mar
y D
. Bra
ntle
y an
d Ju
dy S
teph
ens
of th
e D
ivis
ion
of P
ublic
Hea
lth fo
r pr
oduc
ing
data
tabl
es a
nd m
aps,
to D
avid
Sjo
quis
t, P
hD o
f the
Geo
rgia
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Pol
icy
Res
earc
h C
ente
r fo
r fu
rnis
hing
Cen
sus
data
, to
Mic
key
Goo
dson
, Exe
cutiv
e D
irect
or, a
nd th
e G
eorg
ia A
ssoc
iatio
n
for
Prim
ary
Car
e fo
r fin
anci
al a
rran
gem
ents
, to
Judy
Ham
by, C
hip
Ste
war
t and
Duf
fy
Com
mun
icat
ions
for
thei
r pu
blic
rel
atio
ns w
ork,
to K
athy
Cla
rk, K
athi
e P
arsh
all,
Val
erie
Rai
mon
de a
nd Ia
n La
tham
and
Ogi
lvy
& M
athe
r A
dver
tisin
g an
d G
FC
Boa
rd
mem
ber
Pat
ty P
flum
and
Exo
dus
Pre
ss fo
r th
eir
assi
stan
ce w
ith d
esig
n an
d la
yout
, to
GF
C B
oard
mem
ber
Kik
i Pol
lard
and
Dav
id G
ugge
nhei
m o
f Ale
xand
er/P
olla
rd In
c.
for
phot
ogra
phy
and
to A
nn S
talla
rd o
f Gra
phic
Com
mun
icat
ions
Cor
pora
tion.
GE
OR
GIA
KID
S C
OU
NT
INT
ER
-AG
EN
CY
DA
TA
TE
AM
:
Dou
g B
acht
el, P
hD (
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hou
sing
and
Con
sum
er E
cono
mic
s, C
olle
ge o
f
Fam
ily a
nd C
onsu
mer
Ser
vice
s, U
nive
rsity
of G
eorg
ia),
Deb
- B
auer
, MP
H (
Hea
lth
Con
sulta
nt),
Ste
ve C
ram
er, P
hD (
Per
form
ance
Ass
essm
ent a
nd T
est D
evel
opm
ent,
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n), A
bbot
t Fer
ris, P
hD (
Soc
ial I
ndic
ator
s N
etw
ork
84K
IDS
CO
UN
T 1
992
Geo
rgia
ns F
or C
hild
ren
IC
o c,
New
s, E
mor
y U
nive
rsity
), E
lizab
eth
Kin
ne (
Com
mis
sion
er's
Offi
ce, G
eorg
ia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
), M
ary
Lou
Man
dell
(Dire
ctor
, Man
agem
ent
Info
rmat
ion
Ser
vice
s, G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of C
hild
ren
and
You
th S
ervi
ces)
, Bill
y
McC
orkl
e (D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Ser
vice
s, G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an R
esou
rces
), P
aul N
olan
(D
ivis
ion
of F
amily
and
Chi
ldre
n's
Ser
vice
s, G
eorg
ia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
), A
lber
t Ske
llie,
PhD
(D
irect
or, P
rogr
am
Eva
luat
ion
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Med
ical
Ass
ista
nce)
, Mar
tie S
ik (
Pol
icy
Ana
lyst
,
Gov
erno
r's O
ffice
of P
lann
ing
and
Bud
get)
, Dr.
Gen
e W
alla
ce (
Dep
artm
ent o
f
Edu
catio
n).
We
grat
eful
ly a
ckno
wle
dge
the
help
of s
taff
mem
bers
in m
any
of G
eorg
ia's
inde
pend
ent a
nd s
tate
age
ncie
s fo
r th
eir
help
in u
ncov
erin
g an
d cl
arify
ing
impo
rtan
t
info
rmat
ion:
Hor
tens
a B
ates
(U
nive
rsity
of G
eorg
ia, D
ata
Ser
vice
s), M
arily
n B
eck
(Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n), F
ran
Buc
hana
n (G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an R
eour
ces
Com
mun
icat
ions
Offi
ce),
Les
But
ler
(Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f
Edu
catio
n), P
ete
Col
bens
on (
Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
Coo
rdin
atin
g C
ounc
il), M
arga
ret
Con
e (G
eorg
ia D
epar
tmen
t of H
uman
Res
ourc
es, D
ivis
ion
of S
ubst
ance
Abu
se),
Car
ol A
nn D
alto
n (U
rban
Stu
dy In
stitu
te),
Dr.
Rob
ert G
. Fro
ehlk
e (C
ente
rs fo
r
Dis
ease
Con
trol
), G
eral
d G
illet
te (
Geo
rgia
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Chi
ld
Sup
port
Rec
over
y O
ffice
), J
udge
Mad
elin
e G
riffin
(D
ekal
b C
ount
y Ju
veni
le C
ourt
),
Nan
cy H
all (
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n), E
ve H
offm
an (
Geo
rgia
Alli
ance
for
Pub
lic
Edu
catio
n), L
inda
Low
e (G
eorg
ia L
egal
Ser
vice
s P
rogr
am),
Bill
Mez
aros
(G
eorg
ia
Dep
artm
ent O
f Hum
an R
esou
rces
, Div
isio
n of
Fam
ily a
nd C
hild
ren'
s S
ervi
ces)
, Sus
an
Phi
llips
(C
hild
ren'
s T
rust
Fun
d), R
ex R
uff (
Cou
ncil
of J
uven
ile C
ourt
Jus
tices
),
Dr.
Ric
hard
Sch
iebe
r an
d D
r. J
effr
ey S
achs
(Cen
ters
for
Dis
ease
Con
trol
), L
ynn
Yof
fee
(Jud
icia
l Cou
ncil
of G
eorg
ia).
Geo
rgia
Kid
s C
ount
was
mad
e po
ssib
le in
par
t thr
ough
a g
rant
from
the
Ann
ie
E.C
asey
Fou
ndat
ion,
and
thro
ugh
the
assi
stan
ce o
f the
Cen
ter
for
the
Stu
dy o
f Soc
ial
Pol
icy
in W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C. S
peci
al th
anks
to J
udy
Wei
tz a
nd H
illar
y B
inde
r at
the
Cen
ter
for
the
Stu
dy o
f Soc
ial P
olic
y fo
r th
eir
supp
ort a
nd g
uida
nce.
167
I-.
GE
OR
GIA
NS
FO
R C
HIL
DR
EN
GE
OR
GIA
NS
FO
R C
HIL
DR
EN
, fou
nded
in 1
989,
is a
n in
depe
nden
t, st
atew
ide,
non
-pro
fit a
dvoc
acy
orga
niza
tion.
Geo
rgia
ns fo
r C
hild
ren
serv
es
as a
cre
dibl
e vo
ice
for
the
stat
e's
child
ren
by r
esea
rchi
ng th
eir
stat
us a
nd p
ublis
hing
com
preh
ensi
ve a
ppro
ache
s to
thei
r w
ell-b
eing
. Geo
rgia
nsfo
r
Chi
ldre
n af
fect
s pu
blic
and
priv
ate
polic
ies
to im
prov
e th
e qu
ality
of l
ife fo
r al
l chi
ldre
n,ou
r st
ate'
s m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t res
ourc
e.
GE
OR
GIA
NS
FO
R C
HIL
DR
EN
BO
AR
D O
F D
IRE
CT
OR
S
Pat
Wild
man
, Cha
ir
Ric
k H
orde
r, V
ice-
Cha
ir
Dr.
Lou
Bea
sley
, Sec
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169
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