ECOSYSTEMS OF THE OCEAN SOL 5.6 Biological Characteristics.
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Transcript of ECOSYSTEMS OF THE OCEAN SOL 5.6 Biological Characteristics.
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ECOSYSTEMS OF ECOSYSTEMS OF THE OCEANTHE OCEAN
SOL 5.6SOL 5.6
Biological Characteristics
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Physical Changes (Depth)
• Temperature
• Amount of light
• Salinity
• Pressure
• Plant and animal life
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What is an What is an ecosystem?ecosystem?
• An area made up of living organisms and the nonliving things in their environment
• Organisms in the ocean have adaptations to help them survive in their ecosystems.
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The ocean ecosystem is made up of three main zones.
These zones are based upon the amount of sunlight each zone
receives.
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SUNLIT ZONESUNLIT ZONE
• The smallest zone
• More than 90% of ocean organisms live here
• Receives the most sunlight
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TWILIGHT ZONETWILIGHT ZONE
• Below the sunlit zone
• Very little sunlight
• Cold
• High pressure
• High salinity
• Less food (fewer animals)
• Green plants do not grow here
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MIDNIGHT ZONEMIDNIGHT ZONE
• Deepest part of the ocean
• Pitch black (no sunlight)
• Freezing
• Greatest amount of pressure – Greater than any other place on the Earth’s
surface
• Covers 90% of the ocean’s space
• Least amount of ocean life
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The ocean is full of organisms The ocean is full of organisms and marine life. and marine life.
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PLANKTONPLANKTON
• Tiny organisms that float or drift within the water
• Two kinds– Phytoplankton
• Like plants (need warm temperatures and sunlight)• Make food through photosynthesis• Make most of the oxygen found on Earth
– Zooplankton• Tiny animals
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NEKTONNEKTON
• Ocean animals that can swim or move freely in the ocean
• The largest portion of familiar animals found in the ocean
• Live at different depths
• Examples include fish, octopus, whales, eels, and squid
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BENTHOSBENTHOS
• Plants and animals that live on the ocean floor of the ocean
• Some are attached to the floor
• Examples: sea stars, oysters, clams, sea cucumbers, and sea anemones
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FOOD WEBFOOD WEB
Organisms in each zone affect other organisms in that zone and in other zones.
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FOOD CHAINFOOD CHAIN
• Plants and phytoplankton are on the bottom of all food chains in the ocean. – They make their own food – Use the sun’s energy and nutrients that are in
the ocean
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FOOD CHAINFOOD CHAIN
• Zooplankton eat the phytoplankton and plants.
• Small fish eat the zooplankton.
• Large fish eat the small fish.
• When fish die, they sink. Decomposers eat their bodies. (Ex: sea slug, sea worm)
• Nutrients float back up into the water.
• Phytoplankton use these nutrients for photosynthesis.
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Some scientists describe the ocean ecosystem more as a webweb than a chain
because many sea creatures eat more than one kind of creature, and some creatures
eat others from their own group.
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OUR OCEAN ECOSYSTEMOUR OCEAN ECOSYSTEM
• Without plankton, all of the oceans animals would die.
• All animals in the ocean depend on plankton for survival.