Economies in Transition Europe
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Transcript of Economies in Transition Europe
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Economies in TransitionEurope
Mike RaymerProgram ManagerGCEE
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The Mission
To help teachers teach those students, K-12, in the public and independent schools of
Georgia
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The Vision
• Productive Workers• Informed Consumers• Involved Citizens• Prudent Savers• Wise Investors• Sound lifelong decision makers in a
globally interdependent world
Students leaving school prepared for their roles as:
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Workshop Objectives
Participants will…• increase their awareness and
understanding of contemporary Europe (political and economic)
• review instructional materials for use in social studies classrooms
Georgia Council on Economic Education
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Challenge2003
New Superintendent takes office and hires Dr. Diane Ravitch to revise the curriculum
2004
New state curriculum adopted with detailed attention given to United States history at grades K-12 [with exception of world history].
Economics becomes only constant in the curriculum to address the reality of global issues.
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Scope and Sequence
ElementaryK – Symbols of America1 – American Heroes2 – Georgia, My State3 – Our Democratic Heritage4 – US History to 18605 – US History Since 1860
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Scope and SequenceMiddle6 – Modern World Studies7 – Modern World Studies8 – Georgia Studies
High (Grades 9-12)• United States History• American Government• Principles of Economics• World History
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Georgia Council on Economic Education w w w . g c e e . o r g
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Georgia Council on Economic Educationw w w . g c e e . o r g
State of the Art
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Organizing Your Study of a Region
2. Textbook as Student Reference
3. Supplemental Resources i.e. GCEE
4. Assess Learning and Adjust InstructionalStrategies and Materials
1. GPS Driven
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Focus on teaching the standards, not the textbook.
Nationwide, only about 70% of the context in any given textbook correlates to a given states standards document.
The 2004 adoption of textbooks for Georgia schools PRECEEDED the adoption of the GPS and has only about a 20% content match to the new standards.
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EuropeEurope
in the in the Georgia Performance Georgia Performance StandardsStandards
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Georgia Council on Economic Education
w w w . g c e e . o r g
Scope and Sequence
Grade 6 – World Studies•Latin America & Canada
– Canada, Brazil, Cuba, [Mexico]•Europe
– Germany, United Kingdom, Russia [Italy]•Australia
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European Countries in the GPS
Countries Geography Civics Economics
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Poland
Russia
Spain
Ukraine
United Kingdom
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Organizing Your Study of a Region
• Why study this place?– give a rationale
• Where is this place?– describe the geopolitical features
• What is the recent history of this place?– Only enough that the present makes sense
• What is the economy of this place like today?• What is the government of this place like today?
– understanding of economic and political issues
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Why Study Europe?
Cultural Roots
Common Goals with the European Union
Economic Power
Handout
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Where is Europe?
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What is the Recent History of Europe?
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Georgia Council on Economic Education
w w w . g c e e . o r g
Which Which economiceconomic
concepts are on the concepts are on the CRCTCRCT??
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Curricular Context
Grades 6 – 7 economic conceptseconomic systems [traditional, command, market]trade [voluntary & non-fraudulent]economic growth [GDP]
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Content Weight for the GPS CRCT
GPS Grade 3
Grade4
Grade5
Hist 30% 50% 50%
Geog 20% 15% 15%
Civic 30% 20% 20%
Econ 20% 15% 15%
Grades 6 7
Grade 8
29% 20% 47%
31% 35% 12%
15% 20% 25%
25% 25% 16%
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Economics is…making decisions about
allocating limited resources to get the unlimited number
of things we want.
Our enduring understanding…
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Economic Survival: Resources, Production,
and Scarcity
• Scarcity• Opportunity Costs• Productive Resources
– Natural/Land– Human/Labor– Capital Goods/Tools– Entrepreneurship
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Economic Systems: How a Country Organizes
Its Economy
• Economic Systems– Traditional– Command– Market (what, how, for whom?)
• Resource Allocation
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Economic SystemsPeople create rules for trade that fall along a continuum
between command and market.
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Economic FreedomDemonstration Lesson
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BelgiumGermany
U.K.Spain
France Poland
ItalyRussia
Ukraine
(Australia)(USA)(Hong Kong)
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Working and Living Together: The Importance of Trade
• Specialization• Interdependence• Imports/Exports• Trade barriers
– Tariffs– Quotas– Embargo
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TradeBoth parties gain when
people engage in voluntary, non-fraudulent trade.
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TradeDemonstration Lesson
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Exchange RatesDemonstration Lesson
-The price of one country's currency expressed in another country's currency.
-Rate at which one currency may be converted into another.
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Gross Domestic Product: Measuring a Country’s
Income
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)• Standard of Living
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Gross Domestic Product
• Gross= total
• Domestic= produced anywhere in the 50 states, by anyone
• Product= final goods and services
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What does GDP measure?
Total amount of final goods and services produced in a country
in one year.
(Measure of Output)
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Are there any cool formulas you can give us relating to this
interesting concept?
GDP=C+I+G+(X-M)
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• C= consumption spending (think consumers)
72%
• I= investment spending (think businesses investing in themselves)
15%
• G= government spending17%
• (X-M)= difference between exports and imports -4%
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What is counted in GDP?
• FINAL goods and services
• Goods/Services produced here, even if by a foreign co.
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What is NOT counted?
• Things produced outside the country.
• Illegal stuff
• Purely financial transactions
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…and INTERMEDIATE GOODS
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Problems associated with GDP
• Slow to calculate
• Does not count everything (it’s an estimate)
• Inflation can distort the figure
Real vs. Nominal
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GDPUnited States is #1 at $14.6 trillion
China is #2 at $5.8 trillion
Japan is #3 at $5.4 trillion
Germany is #4 at $3.3 trillion
The EU collectively is $16.1 trillion
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Per Capita GDP
GDP divided by a country’s population
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Human Poverty
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Undernourishment
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Underweight Children
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Poor Sanitation
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Secondary Education Spending
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Public Health Spending
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Physicians Working
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Malaria Cases
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Mortality 1-4 Year Olds
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Internet Users
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Why are some nations wealthy?Rich Nation/Poor Nation handout
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Mystery Nations Revealed
Country A… Germany Country D… UK
Country B… Poland Country E…Ukraine
Country C… Russia
Per capita GDP-$34,200
Per capita GDP-$17,900
Per capita GDP-$15,100
Per capita GDP-$34,200
Per capita GDP-$6,300
Georgia Council on Economic Education
w w w . g c e e . o r g
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Why are Ukraine and Russiarelatively poor
(…seeing that they have so many natural resources) ?
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Why are Germany and the United Kingdom relatively wealthy?
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Factors Contributing to Long-Term Economic Growth
• High Investment in Human Capital• Greater Economic Freedom
low taxes, fewer govt. regulations, protection of property rights, sound monetary policy
• Strong Incentives to save and invest• Competitive Markets• Political Stability• Free Trade
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The German Economy
Berlin2011
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Berlin 1945
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1945- Germany Had Lost…1. Major land holdings.2. Tens of millions of people.3. Most major industries.4. Major amounts of housing.5. International respect.
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30 years later…
Germany had 2nd largest economy in the world.
Essential question: How in the heck did that happen?
Georgia Council on Economic Education
w w w . g c e e . o r g
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What is needed?
Productivity
Invest in…1. Capital Goods 2. Human Capital
Raise…1. Financial capital
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Contributing factors…
1. Modernization of industry.2. Financial aid (Marshall Plan)3. No military forces.4. High Savings rate.5. Investment in human capital (education)
“Miracle” Explained
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1. Web Resources2. EU Lessons