Economic Valuation of Bze Coastal Ecosystems_Nadia

The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of Nature Symposium

December 9th, 2015

Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystems: A Belize Case

Nadia Bood

World Wildlife Fund

“The Nature of Energy vs. the Energy of

Nature” Symposium


December 9th, 2015

$$$

Nature‘s Services to

Humanity

Economic Value


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• Blessed with a high biological diversity that is critical to the nation’s stability.

• Home to 2nd largest barrier reef in the world.

• Fairly good expanse of mangroves.

BELIZE

Where coastal ecosystems are present, they can function as first-line buffers to storms.


December 9th, 2015

NATURE’s VALUE

ECOSYSTEMS

Corals

Mangroves

Seagrasses

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Recreation

Coastal Protection

Fisheries

Coastal Protection

Recreation

Fisheries


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• Stabilizing coastlines

• Storm protection

NATURE’s VALUE


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• Nursery

• Food

• Recreation

• Biodiversity

NATURE’s VALUE


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Estimated contribution to the national economy:

The Economic Value of Coastal-marine Resources

Coral Reefs(US $)

Tourism 135 – 176M

Fisheries 13 – 14M

Protection 120 – 180M

Source: Cooper et al. 2009


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Mangroves(US $)

Tourism 60 - 78M

Fisheries 3 – 4M




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Combined(US $)

Tourism 150 - 196M

Fisheries 14 – 16M


TOTAL 395 – 559M



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Regional Analysis of Economic Value

Source: Arkema et al. 2015


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Climate & Ecosystem Services (local analysis)

Ocean temperature 2100

Global

mitigation

Global

Inaction

+1.5

degrees C

+3.0

degrees C

IPCC 4th Assessment, Working Group II, Table 13.7, Simpson et al., 2010

Sea level rise 2100

Global

mitigation

Global

Inaction

0.5 m 2 m

Simpson et al 2010,

IPCC 4th Assessment,

Parris et al., in press

No Action

Integrated


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ScenariosManagement scenarios

(climate adaptation options)

No Action Integrated Reactive

Clim

ate

scenarios

Glo

bal M

itig

ation

Glo

bal In

action

No change to habitats; 1.5+ C; 0.5 m SLR

Mangrove restoration; Decrease in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass1.5+ C; 0.5 m SLR

Increase in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass1.5+ C; 0.5 m SLR

No change to habitats; 3+ C; 2 SLR

Mangrove restoration; Decrease in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass3+ C; 2 m SLR

Increase in risk tocoral reefs, mangroves, seagrass3+ C; 2 m SLR


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Habitats matter for services

Services & Climate

Adaptation (CBA)

So

urc

e:

Ark

em

a e

t al.

2014

� Avoided re-nourishment cost

� Avoided property damages

� Avoided people displaced

NOT TO SCALE

Valuing coastal protection

Costs – seawall implementation – overtopping models

What height does a seawall need to be to prevent flooding?

2 scenarios

• 0. 5 m SLR• 2 m SLR

Costs – conservation and restoration of coastal habitats

Integrated

Implementation and maintenance

costs for mangrove restoration (per

300 m2)

Implementation Cost (US$)

Seedlings or

transplant

collection

3,000

Planting activity 12,000

sub total

implementation15,000

Maintenance (per

year)

Monitoring of

growth/status4,000

Replanting if

needed500

Community

outreach2,000

sub total

maintenance6,500

Overall Total 21,500

Results

damages &

implementation

costs

Seawall

Implementation (per m

of seawall)

Cost (US $)

Construction $ 1,177.52

Additional costs per m

height over 1 m

11.78

Maintenance (full rebuild every 25

years)

Sources: Construction (pers. communication with Carla Maheia Hart, Managing Director MaheiasUnited Concrete & Supplies Ltd., Belize City, Belize. Linham et al, 2010, page 54.

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)

Benefits• Spiny lobster• Tourism and recreation• Carbon storage and sequestration

Implementation &

Maintenance costs Damages from erosion

• Coastal protection

Comparison of alternative climate adaptation scenarios

Global MitigationNo Action

Adaptation Scenarios

Integrated Reactive

NPV of total benefits $0.790 $1.300 $0.650

NPV Lobster fishing $0.008 $0.009 $0.006

NPV Tourism & recreation $0.782 $1.273 $0.702

NPV Carbon storage &

sequestration- $0.013 -$0.061

NPV of total implementation costs -$0.005 -$0.015 -$0.191

NPV of erosion damages from sea

level rise and storms-$2.517 -$2.556 -$2.005

Total NPV of all benefits, costs and

damages-$1.731 -$1.275 -$1.550

NPV compared to No Action

scenario- $0.456 billion $0.181 billion

Comparison of alternative climate adaptation scenarios

No Action

Adaptation Scenarios

Integrated Reactive

NPV of total benefits $0.789 $1.293 $0.647

NPV Lobster fishing $0.007 $0.007 $0.005

NPV Tourism & recreation $0.782 $1.273 $0.702

NPV Carbon storage &

sequestration- $0.013 -$0.061

NPV of total implementation costs -$0.005 -$0.021 -$0.339

NPV of erosion damages from sea level

rise and storms-$3.59 -$3.66 -$2.82

Total NPV of all benefits, costs and

damages-$2.803 -$2.392 -$2.515

NPV compared to No Action scenario - $0.411 billion $0.288 billion

Global Inaction


December 9th, 2015

Complex problems require a systematic approach

and collective action!

Collective action among government, communities,

conservation entities and civil society are needed to safeguard the services provided by coastal-marine

ecosystems.

THANK YOU!!!

Economic Valuation of Bze Coastal Ecosystems_Nadia

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