Economic Opportunities - Heinrich Böll Stiftung Nigeria · Makoko-Iwaya Waterfront Economic...
Transcript of Economic Opportunities - Heinrich Böll Stiftung Nigeria · Makoko-Iwaya Waterfront Economic...
Makoko-Iwaya WaterfrontEconomic Opportunities
Makoko on Water – it’s a fascinating boat ride through an autarkic and vibrant, still peaceful community on water within an ever busy, noisy and hectic Megacity. Although the lack of government support and infrastructure result in poor living conditions, the communal life offers exemplary potentials to adapt to rapid urbanisation and climate change in coastal cities. The “Makoko/Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan” - a comprehensive people-centered development framework – was submitted to the Ministry of Physical Planning in October 2013. One of the major objectives is ensuring participation and community ownership in the formulation, implementation and sustainability of the plan. It looks at all facets of life and development in Makoko-Iwaya Waterfront including land use, housing, tourism opportunities, tenure security, funding strategies and an institutional framework for implementation and management.
The idea of the Regeneration Plan centers on the assumption that upgrading of infrastructure and the transformation of the communities can only succeed if its residents are empowered to contribute with their own
funds. This brochure gives you an idea of the identified potential for economic empowerment as an integral part of the Regeneration Plan. Supported by a working group with members of the communities, professionals, academicians and human rights organizations, Fabulous Urban developed the concept of “Decentralized Neighborhood Hotspots” powered by biogas facilities which offer a wide range of micro-entrepreneurial opportunities for a resource-based economy. The income will be sufficient to pay each worker an appropriate salary and still save money in a fund for the general maintenance of the facility so that it can be self-sustainable. “Opportunity Cards” describe and visualize these job potentials with a cost/benefit analysis for necessary financial investments which, if implemented within the framework of the Regeneration Plan through concerted efforts from society, government and the communities, could turn the Makoko/Iwaya Waterfront communities into a worldwide showcase of a sustainable and flood-resilient lifestyle.
Makoko-Iwaya Waterfront Community
Introduction
FABULOUS URBAN Heinrich Böll Stiftung Nigeria SERAC
FABULOUS URBANFabienne Hoelzel, founder, principalClaudia Gonzáles GarcíaMélanie JeannetRujun JiaKaterina KálalováSaskia NiklasDácil Rodriguezwith David Monney
in collaboration with:
Center for Understanding Sustainable Practice at Robert Gordon University AberdeenCity Ridge FarmsMidori Ltd.
Heinrich Böll Foundation Nigeria, Lagos Office
Social and Economic Rights Action Center (SERAC), Lagos
Makoko-Iwaya Waterfront Community
Credits
Photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN Photograph: © FABULOUS URBAN
Photograph: © FABULOUS URBAN
Makoko
Lagos, Nigeria
Green spacesWetlands
We suggest an entirely new waterfront experience with wetlands, trees and plants, fish ponds and community gardens.
The retrofitted waterfront with wetlands can become a new green leisure and recreational space for entire Lagos.
00 100 500m
Masterplan_green spaces
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and Planning Practicefor Developing and Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan_green spaces
REVISION DATE PLAN NR. 2
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
140302_MAK_masterplan_green spaces
On land: Redevelopment approach
On water: Upgrading approach
neighbourhood hotspots withrenewable energy productionrecycling stations
floating decks, schools
wetland purifing
pool
beach
garden semipublic/semiprivate
parking with trees
pavillions
main road_hard pavement (+0.00)
mixture of soft and hard pavement(+0.00)
pedestrian_stone bank (-0.90)
pedestrian_soft pavement with green(-0.45)
main road of access (+0.00)
pedestrian_wood(+0.00)
connectors of pedestrian belts
squares/ playgrounds
drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN
Wetlands, fish ponds, and upgraded Makoko on water
New waterfront experience
Makoko todayAverage height of water level
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
The conflicts we find in the Makoko area may reinforce each other on different levels:
Macro: Nigeria, Africa, worldwide
Meso: Lagos
Micro: Makoko
direction of influencewide influence
direction of influencemoderate influence
direction of influencethin influence
Conflicts and area of influence
lack of jobsand steady income of households
polluted environment
climatechange
rise of sea water level
rise of local lagoon water level
land reclamation projects
lack ofinfrastructure
lack of greenand leisure spaces
Conflicts in the Makoko area
$
insufficient housing quality
uncomfortable neighborhood
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
Makoko after suggested upgradingAverage height of water level
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
The suggested decentralized infrastructure will not only create a better neighborhood but create new job opportunities. The additional income allows people to upgrade their houses themselves. The two measures together will create in the mid and long term a better neighborhood for everybody.
new decentralized infrastructure
new jobopportunities
$
upgrade of the neighborhood
Three basic upgrade toolsBasic relations
Challenges and approaches
direction of influence
local approach is possible
local approach is partly possible
showcase/ role model
Micro: Makoko
better quality of the houses
additional income for the households
more effective fish processing through suggested fish ponds
new job opportunities
new infrastructure: - Neighborhood Hotspots - solid waste centers- new public spaces
$ $ $
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
cleaner environment
tourism
Macro: Nigeria Africa, worldwide
Meso: Lagos State
70% of the population livesin slums. Makoko can become best practice for other poor areas.
showcase and role model for other regions in similar situations
improved health care: suggested doctor’s room at each Neighborhood Hotspot
raising water level of the Lagos Lagoon
lack of nearby recreational spaces for everybody: suggested Makoko waterfront
expected global climate change
70%
We believe that Makoko could become a worldwide showcase for a sustainable and flood-resilient lifestyle and way of construction. We further suggest completing it with flexible, low-cost, low-tech, and flood-resilient infrastructure, which in addition will create jobs and initiate a new resource based micro-economy, providing waste management and renewable energy.
The suggested infrastructure will be:
highly flexible according to the needs
low-cost and ready to implement immediately
resistant against floods and increasing water level: no vulnerable wired and pipe system
provide new jobs and income and initiate a new local network economy
provide electricity to the entire community
support social activities and provide new basic medical services
environment-friendly due to decentralized energy plants and closed-loop cycles
Upgrading strategy
upgrading
redevelopment
redeve
lopment
drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN
Masterplan of the Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront area with the highlighted suggested public facilities: Neighborhood Hotspots with the renewable energy production, floating markets, recycling stations, schools, and walk-in clinic.
We suggest widening strategically some of the canals for better accessibility.
00 100 500m
Masterplan
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and Planning Practicefor Developing and Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan
REVISION DATE PLAN NR.
2
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
140302_MAK_masterplan
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and marketmiddle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for waterrelated diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land: Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
On water: Upgrading approach
Masterplan
500m
Makoko masterplan Situation: neighborhood hotspot
new interventions:housing ( social housing and marketmiddle price segment housing)hospital and research center for waterrelated diseaseseco-hotelbeach houses
schools
On land: Redevelopment approach
new interventions:neighbourhood hotspots with renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
Neigborhood Hotspot area of in�uence
Makoko houses on stilts
On water: Upgrading approach
Neighborhood HotspotPilot implementation
Neighborhood Hotspot:Area of influence/ served households
Makoko houses on stilts
00 100 500m
Masterplan
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and Planning Practicefor Developing and Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan
REVISION DATE PLAN NR.
2
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
140302_MAK_masterplan
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and marketmiddle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for waterrelated diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land: Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
On water: Upgrading approach
Flexible decentralized infrastructure can be provided by a network of shared facilities called “Neighborhood Hotspots”. These small community centers in different parts of Makoko contain decentralized biogas plants and serve as waste business incubator.
URBANFABULOUS
Biogas cooking The biogas can be used for community cooking with a small restaurant.
Neighborhood HotspotKey goals
Waste upcycling Handmade products can be created from collected plastic and paper waste.
Rain water harvesting system Rain water is collected, filtrated, and stored.
Sanitary facilities Against a small fee toilets and showers are available; the waste is used for the biogas production.
URBANFABULOUS
URBANFABULOUS
URBANFABULOUS
Urban gardening Fertilizer, the byproduct of the biogas plant will be used to grow tomatoes, peppers, and salad.
Professional health care A doctor’s room provides basic medical service and trains community members (nurses).
Empowering girls and women Basic education on health care and contraception as well as a small library and a few shared computers in a multi-purpose room are provided.
URBANFABULOUS
URBANFABULOUS
Neighborhood HotspotReturn of investment
=
The operation of the Neighborhood Hotspots is provided by a biogas cooperative.
The cooperative pays each worker the same monthly salary of 18,000 Naira (minimum wage).The rest will be saved in a fund for reinvestment and maintenance.
36 months
selling water80,000 N
cooking fee45,000 N
selling toilet bags264,000 N
charging batteries510,000 N
biogas cooking entrepreneur18,000 N
biogas entrepreneur18,000 N
toilet entrepreneur18,000 N
waste picker18,000 N
biogas cooperative
16,703,100 Ninvestment costsof entire hotspotearnings
savings of the cooperative
income of the workers
URBANFABULOUS
public toilet
urban gardeningrainwater
harvesting
organic wastepicking
biogas cooking
Neighborhood Hotspot
study room, multi-purpose space
neighborhoodmanagement
urban gardening rain waterharvesting biogas cooking
biogas kiosk
public toiletorganic waste
picking
household toilet
households food businesses
biogas cooperative = 18,000 N/worker
health facility
Neighborhood HotspotCash flow
public toilet
urban gardeningrainwater
harvesting
organic wastepicking
biogas cooking
public toilet
urban gardeningrainwater
harvesting
organic wastepicking
biogas cooking
infrastructuretechnology
capacity buildingeducation
individuals and businesses within the community
NeighborhoodHotspot
cash flow outside of the biogas cooperative
cash flow within the biogas cooperative
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBANFABULOUS
public toilet
urban gardeningrainwater
harvesting
organic wastepicking
biogas cooking
Neighborhood HotspotProduct flow
public toilet
urban gardeningrainwater
harvesting
organic wastepicking
biogas cooking
public toilet
urban gardeningrainwater
harvesting
organic wastepicking
biogas cooking
infrastructuretechnology
capacity buildingeducation
individuals and businesses within the community
NeighborhoodHotspot
related to organic waste
related to electricity
related to water
related to fertilizer
Neighborhood Hotspot
study room, multi-purpose space
neighborhoodmanagement
urban gardening rain waterharvesting biogas cooking
biogas kiosk
public toiletorganic waste
picking
household toilet
households food businesses
biogas cooperative = 18,000 N/worker
health facility
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBANFABULOUS
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBANFABULOUS
Existing situation of organic and human waste disposal
2762
3453
8004
231
800
imported food
locally produced food
community food production
certi�ed Emission Reductions
orga
nic waste
degradable wastesfertilizer
tomato, pepper
loc. prod. food
fertilizer
fert
ilize
r
tomato, pepper
biogas
biogas
electricity
battery
biogas
biog
as
elec
tri
city
electricity
electricity
elec
tric
ity
toile
t b
ags
human
waste
com. food prod. biogasplant
+ -
0
800
imported food
locally produced food
community food production
organic and human waste
community food production
value added chain within the Makoko community
Neighborhood HotspotSuggested closed-loop cycles
product flow
number of created jobs
cash flowproductsprocessinglocation
2762
3453
8004
231
800
imported food
locally produced food
community food production
certi�ed Emission Reductions
orga
nic waste
degradable wastesfertilizer
tomato, pepper
loc. prod. food
fertilizer
fert
ilize
r
tomato, pepper
biogas
biogas
electricity
battery
biogas
biog
as
elec
tri
city
electricity
electricity
elec
tric
ity
toile
t b
ags
human
waste
com. food prod. biogasplant
+ -
0
800
imported food
locally produced food
community food production
organic and human waste
community food production
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBANFABULOUS
Job opportunities in MakokoCurrent job situation
diagrams: © FABULOUS URBAN
Today, 40% of the Makoko community lives below poverty line (on less than 1.25 US$/ day) and almost no-one is able to secure their livelihoods.*
amount of jobs
18,000 N minimum wage
monthlyincome/ person
*Data based on field research Makoko April 2013 and Rosemary Omoayena Yadua, Determinants of Urban Housing for the Poor, 2009)
+ -
Job opportunities in MakokoNew job situation with new opportunities
target area The aim of the Makoko economic development plan is to create new job opportunities trough the new waste economy and improved existing job opportunities.
It is a declared goal that all these jobs generate a salary above 18,000 Naira.* All our calculations on the amount of jobs, on turnover, benefit, and hence re-investment are based on this value.
*Minimum wage in Nigeria according to the EFInA (Enhancing Financial Innovation & Access)
existing jobstransformed jobsnew jobs through the suggested waste economy
amount of jobs
18,000 N minimum wage
monthlyincome/ person
The opportunity cards explain in detail all the new job opportunities: economically, socially, spatially. They inform about minimal investment, minimal spatial requirements, expected turnover, target group, new jobs, and profit.
Title of the opportunity
Cover image: summary or vision of the activity
Opportunity cards
drawings, visualizations: © FABULOUS URBAN
Social businessSolid waste processing
Social businessBiogas kiosk and plant
List of minimal requirements, products, estimated price, type of jobs created, and involved stakeholders
Suggested business structure; info on operator, owner, impact, and target group
Financial aspects: overview of investment and income
Other important numbers: number of total job positions, required space, and users served
Facilities needed for the activity
Social business
00 100 500m
Masterplan
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and Planning Practicefor Developing and Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan
REVISION DATE PLAN NR.
2 25 SEPT 13 1
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
130920_MAK_masterplan
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and marketmiddle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for waterrelated diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land: Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
On water: Upgrading approach
Business entity: Recycling center serving half of Makoko
Business structure: Solid waste cooperative
Owner: Solid waste cooperative
Operator: Solid waste cooperative
Served gaps:
Impact: Cleaner environment, no disposal of waste directly into the water, jobs for locals
Target group:
Investment:3
initial [N] further [N]
Income:4
total/month [N] worker/month [N]
Total jobs:
Space: minimum [m2] maximum [m2]
Users/households served: 14,984 user and 1,873 households served
Solid waste proccesing
Juli 2013 500,000 N = 3,090 USD10 Mio. N = 62,500 USD
Information:Solid wastes are sorted by the processors at the recycling station. In the beginning the wastes are just sorted and maybe washed. Further on there would be investment in processing machines (shredding, granuling etc). The sorted and processed waste is sold to LAWMA and recy-clers in Lagos. Processed waste gets higher selling prices.
Facilities:Recycling station with space for storage and processing, room for the workers, office structure with around 100 m2.
Minimum requirements:Construction of transfer stations and recycling station, work clothes, training of the workers
Processed waste: - PET bottles - aluminium cans - LDPE sachets - glass bottles - cardboard - textiles
Price:1
- PET bottles 20 - 40 N/kg - aluminium cans 120 N/kg - LDPE sachets 30 N/kg - glass bottles 5 N/kg - cardboard 5 N/kg - textiles 2 N/kg
Type of jobs created: - processors
Stakeholders: - locals - waste picker and management cooperative - LAWMA - private and public (recycling) firms - knowledge transfer: wecyclers
Possible amount of facilities: 2
#pro Makoko #improving the environment #better livelihood #new micro-economic opportunities
ORGANIC WASTE SOLID WASTE FISHING
TOURISME AND LEISURE
URBAN MANUFACTURING
Wastecollection Water Showers Education
Healthfacilities Jobs IncomeRoads
Transport FoodToiletts Drainage
Right tostay
Street lightning Education
Healthfacilities
TransportWater Showers Jobs Income FoodToiletts
Makokoresidents Business Lifestyle
Nigerian Diaspora Ex-Pats
Middle/Upper Class
Socially&ECOConcious
S E C O
Wastecollection Water Showers Education
Healthfacilities Jobs IncomeRoads
Transport FoodToiletts Drainage
Right tostay
Street lightning Education
Healthfacilities
TransportWater Showers Jobs Income FoodToiletts
Makokoresidents Business Lifestyle
Nigerian Diaspora Ex-Pats
Middle/Upper Class
Socially&ECOConcious
S E C O
< 500,000
< 100,000 > 500,000
> 10 mil.
< 0,5 mil
< 18,000 > 36,000
> 1 mil.
< 50< 50 > 100
> 100
< 100 > 200
1
Social business
ORGANIC WASTE SOLID WASTE FISHING
TOURISME AND LEISURE
URBAN MANUFACTURING
00 100 500m
Masterplan
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and Planning Practicefor Developing and Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan
REVISION DATE PLAN NR.
2 25 SEPT 13 1
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
130920_MAK_masterplan
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and marketmiddle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for waterrelated diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land: Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
On water: Upgrading approach
Business entity: Biogas plant with 4 rubber bags (4m, 6m, 12m, 20m)
Business structure: Biogas cooperative
Owner: Biogas cooperative
Operator: Biogas cooperative
Bridged gaps:
Impact: Electricity for the locals, improving the environment, new job opportunities
Target group:
Investment:7
initial [N] further [N]
Income:8
total/month [N] worker/month [N]
Total jobs:
Space: minimum [m2] maximum [m2]
Users/households served:9 Average of 176-880 people and 22-110 households each day
Biogas kiosk and plant
Juli 2013 500,000 N = 3,090 USD10 Mio. N = 62,500 USD
Information:Biogas plants are implemented to generate biogas and electricity by fully using the organic (fish guts, hoseuhold waste etc.) and human waste. The fertilizer as a byproduct of the biogas plant is sold and used for the production of home-grown food. The biogas plants use decidedly low technology, requiring only rubber bags and sunlight, which is in Lagos available en masse. The biogas is converted into electricity, which is distributed through recheargable (car) batteries. With each biogas plant comes a biogas kiosk, where people can charge the batteries (500 Watt – basic energy consumption for two days/household: 2 bulbs, 1 tv and 1 fan) against an appropriate fee. Hospitals, schools, street lightning etc. are served directly by the plant.
Facilities:Biogas plant with biogas kiosk and 4 biogas digester
bags of 2.5m width and 4m, 6m, 12m or 20m length on boats, a place for storage and charging of the batteries, an office and a selling room > concept neighborhood hotspot
Minimum requirements:4 biogas bags, batteries, inverter, gas cleaning equipment, generator, storage bags, work clothes, training
Products: – electricity
Price: – 250 N/ charged battery
Type of jobs created:6
– biogas workers – security – office structure
Stakeholders: – locals – biogas cooperative – biogas technology firms
Possible amount of facilities: 23-1179
#improving the environment #better livelihood #new micro-economic opportunities #autonomous neighbourhood
9-15
Wastecollection Water Showers Education
Healthfacilities Jobs IncomeRoads
Transport FoodToiletts Drainage
Right tostay
Street lightning Education
Healthfacilities
TransportWater Showers Jobs Income FoodToiletts
Makokoresidents Business Lifestyle
Nigerian Diaspora Ex-Pats
Middle/Upper Class
Socially&ECOConcious
S E C O
Wastecollection Water Showers Education
Healthfacilities Jobs IncomeRoads
Transport FoodToiletts Drainage
Right tostay
Street lightning Education
Healthfacilities
TransportWater Showers Jobs Income FoodToiletts
Makokoresidents Business Lifestyle
Nigerian Diaspora Ex-Pats
Middle/Upper Class
Socially&ECOConcious
S E C O
< 500,000
< 100,000 > 500,000
> 10 mil.
< 0,5 mil
< 18,000 > 36,000
> 1 mil.
< 100
< 100 > 500
> 500
< 5 > 20
Wastecollection Water Showers Education
Healthfacilities Jobs IncomeRoads
Transport FoodToiletts Drainage
Right tostay
Street lightning Education
Healthfacilities
TransportWater Showers Jobs Income FoodToiletts
Makokoresidents Business Lifestyle
Nigerian Diaspora Ex-Pats
Middle/Upper Class
Socially&ECOConcious
S E C O
Main information on activity and description of the general idea
Map of Makoko with possible location(s) of activity
Opportunity cards
Social business opportunitiesimpact oriented
Pro-profit business opportunitiesmarket oriented
Organic waste economy *new* Leisure and tourism *new*
Fishing and fish processing existing, improved
Urban manufacturing existing, improved
Market and trading existing, improved
Solid waste economy *new*
URBANFABULOUS
Pro-profit businessWaste upcycling
URBANFABULOUS
Pro-profit businessEating in Makoko
URBANFABULOUS
Pro-profit businessSleeping in Makoko
URBANFABULOUS
Pro-profit businessFloating markets
URBANFABULOUS
Tourism visionStrategy map for Lagos State
Murtala MuhammedInternational Airport
Lagos Island
Victoria IslandBadagry
Apapa Port
Tin Can Port
+
Makoko as part of a holistic Lagos-wide tourism strategy
Makoko
Strategy I: Living on waterthe ancient wisdom of vernacular architecture
Strategy II: Metropolitan waterfrontinternational architecture blends with African tradition
Strategy III: Nature-water experiencediscovering the lagoon scenery of Lagos
drawing: © FABULOUS URBANURBANFABULOUS
URBANFABULOUS
3rd Floor, Rukayyat Plaza,93, Obafemi Awolowo Way,Opposite Jabi Motor ParkJabi District, Abuja
4th Floor, Lagos City HallCatholic Mission StreetLagos Island, Lagos
26 route des Acacias1227 Geneva
Copyright © 2014 Fabulous Urban/ Heinrich Böll Stiftung