ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS NOVEMBER 25, 2013. OVERVIEW Pros and Cons of Economic Instruments Tax...
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Transcript of ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS NOVEMBER 25, 2013. OVERVIEW Pros and Cons of Economic Instruments Tax...
![Page 1: ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS NOVEMBER 25, 2013. OVERVIEW Pros and Cons of Economic Instruments Tax Incentives and Allowances Non-tax Instruments Other Economic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e5d5503460f94b55400/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS
NOVEMBER 25, 2013
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OVERVIEW
• Pros and Cons of Economic Instruments
• Tax Incentives and Allowances • Non-tax Instruments• Other Economic Incentives
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Economic Incentives• Market-based instruments used by policy
makers to achieve environmental goals• Stimulate an economic actor to adopt
environmentally friendly behaviour or technology, or abandon environmentally harmful behaviour or technology
• Leverage economic interest of individuals, corporations, organizations and communities to protect ecosystems, ecological services
• Distinguished from command and control regulation
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Pros of Economic Incentives • Polluter Pays – “assigns polluters the
responsibility for remedying contamination for which they are responsible and imposes on them the direct and immediate costs of pollution” Imperial SCC
• More efficient and cheaper to allow market-based instrument to achieve desired level of environmental protection than regulations
• Stimulates more efficient technologies• Competitiveness, lower regulatory costs
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Cons of Economic Incentives
• Trust in government to manage economic instruments scheme
• Unfair allocation of environmental burdens to minorities (environmental justice)
• Should industry be authorized to buy rights to undertake activities that are inherently bad?
• Economic analysis tools inadequate to task of assigning values to environment
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Tax Incentives and Allowances • Carbon Taxes • Accelerated depreciation of capital costs,
sales tax rebates on pollution-control equipment
• Subsidy reform in extractive industries: Green Budget Coalition 2014 federal budget recommendations
• Ecological Gifts Program provides federal tax credits to land owners donating ecologically sensitive lands charities
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Non-tax Instruments
• Deposit /Refund schemes for bottles• Water pricing, metering • Sale of emission rights for pollutants• Emission trading schemes• Protection of forests through carbon credit
sales• Dedicated environmental funds
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Other Economic Incentives• Insurance mandated by law relating to
environmental liability as economic instrument
• Financial sureties for mine closure required for mine approval
• Use of pollution, hurricane liability exclusion clauses by insurance companies
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Summary Question • Is the increased use of economic incentives a
national emergency? (OECD)