Economic Effects of the Crusades:
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Transcript of Economic Effects of the Crusades:
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The Renaissance – Rebirth of art and learning in Europe (1300-1600)
Background: The Crusades stimulated trade by introducing
Europeans to many desirable products, and trade promoted
contacts with the Byzantine and Muslim Empires.
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Economic Effects of the Crusades:
Increased demand for Middle Eastern products
Stimulated production of good to trade in Middle Eastern markets
Encouraged the use of credit and banking
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Economic Concepts of the Renaissance
Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy.
Usury – loaning money with really high interest rates
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Economic Concepts of the Renaissance
Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and stimulated trade
New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced
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Significance- wealth accumulated from European trade with the Middle East led to the rise of Italian city-states. Wealthy merchants were active civic leaders.
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Advantages of Location for Northern Italian cities during the Renaissance:Florence, Venice, and Genoa
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Advantages of Location for Northern Italian cities during the Renaissance:Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets
Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe
Were initially independent city-states governed as republics
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Machiavelli’s Ideas about Power:
Background: Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule.
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Machiavelli published his ideas in a book called The Prince.
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Machiavelli’s Ideas about Power:
An early modern narrative on government
Supported absolute power of the ruler
Maintains that the end justifies the means – the way in which you do something isn’t as important as the end result
Advises that one should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary
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Background: The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. People wealthy from newly expanded trade, called Patrons, sponsored works that glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.
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Art and Literature:
Medieval art and literature – focused on the Church and salvation
Renaissance art and literature – focused on individuals and worldly (secular) matters, along with Christianity
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Italian Renaissance Artists and Writers:Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Michelangelo – Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and David
Petrarch – Sonnets, humanist scholarship
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Humanism:Background - classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans fostered humanism in the Italian Renaissance.
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Humanism:
Celebrated the individualStimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture
Was supported by wealthy patrons
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The Northern Renaissance:
Background – with rise of trade, travel, and literacy the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe.
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Art and Literature changed as different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas:
Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.
Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity
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Art and Literature changed as different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas:
The moveable type of printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped spread ideas
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Important Artists and Writers of the Northern Renaissance
Erasmus – The Praise of Folly (1511)
Poked fun at greedy merchants
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Important Artists and Writers of the Northern Renaissance
Sir Thomas More – Utopia (1516)
Discussed perfect/ideal society
Significance- Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular objects