Ecology of health, Right to health & health and development
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Ecology of health Right to health Health and Development DR. S. A. RIZWAN, M.D., Assistant Professor Department of Community Medicine VMCHRI, Madurai
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Transcript of Ecology of health, Right to health & health and development
Ecology of healthRight to health
Health and DevelopmentDR. S. A. RIZWAN, M.D.,
Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Community Medicine
VMCHRI, Madurai
First things first…
Agara mudhala ezhuthellam aadhi bhagavan mudhatrey ulagu.
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Recap…
History of medicine – various civilizations, various concepts
Concept of health and wellbeing Various methods to measure well being Spectrum of health Determinants of health
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Classify…4/39
Learning objectives
At the end of this class, you should be able to1. Describe the relation
between ecology and health2. Describe the right to health
concept3. Describe the relation
between health and development
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Ecology of health
The relation between (wo)man and her/his environment
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Ecology of health
Greek word ‘oikos’ meaning a house Human ecosystem
Natural environment Man-made environment
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Natural environment8/39
Man made environment9/39
Ecology and health
Health seen as an equilibrium between (wo)man and her/his environment
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(WO)MAN ENVIRON.
HEALTH
Changes in environment affect health Urbanization Industrialization Deforestation Dams and canalsExamples: Malaria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl nuclear accident
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Changes in environment affect health
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Importance of ecology
Prevention and control of disease The greatest improvement in human health can
be achieved through understanding environmental factors
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Summary
The study of disease is really the study of (wo)man and her/his environment
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Questions…
Which of the following is not a disease related to physical environment?1. Malaria2. Dengue3. Cholera4. Depression
Give an example of environmental planning to protect health?
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Right to health
A highly personal responsibility
A major public concern
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Fundamental rights of the citizen
Right to Equality Right to Freedom Right against Exploitation Right to Freedom of Religion Cultural and Educational Rights Right to Constitutional Remedies
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Right to health
One of the last rights to be acknowledged
WHO constitution - fundamental right of every human to attain the highest possible standard of health
Health is no longer charity but a right
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Responsibility for health
Who is responsible? Individual Community State International
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Individual responsibility
One cannot give health to another
‘Self-care’ Health related activities
undertaken by the persons themselves
Diet Sleep Exercise Period checkups Vaccination Early care seeking
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Community responsibility
Active involvement of families and communities in health matters
Three ways1. Provide manpower, logistics,
funds2. Take part in planning3. Utilizing the services
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Examples of community responsibility
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Health care for the people, by the people.
State responsibility
Constitution of India says that maintaining the health of the people is the responsibility of the state
Alma Ata declaration gave rise to the Health of All
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Example for state responsibility
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International responsibility
Cooperation between different countries
Experts, drugs, control of communicable diseases
Eg., Smallpox, HIV/AIDS, Tobacco
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Example of international responsibility
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Summary
The responsibility for good health begins with the individual
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Questions…
Give me an example for international responsibility in health?
Name anything that exemplifies state responsibility for health
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Health and development
Money is necessary to achieve good health
Or is it?
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Relation between health and socio-economic development
Health is necessary for socio-economic development of nations
And the vice-versa is also true
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Example: money is health31/39
Example: money is health32/39
Money is not sufficient
But economic development is not sufficient
Social factors like education, employment, housing, freedom also important
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Example: money is not sufficient, USA & CUBA
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Indicator USA Cuba
Life expectancy 77 years 78 years
Infant deaths 5 6
Children deaths 8 8
Maternal deaths 49 13
Government expenditure on health 88% 44%
Example: money is not sufficient, INDIA & SRI LANKA, THAILAND
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Indicator India Sri Lanka Thailand
Infant deaths 50 13 12
Children deaths 66 16 13
Immunization 66% 99% 98%
Example: money is not sufficient, KERALA
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Summary
Money is necessary but not sufficient for achieving good health of the population
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Questions…
What index is used to classify countries into developed or developing countries?
What indicators are used to measure health of a nation?
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Take home messages
1. The study of disease is really the study of (wo)man and her/his environment
2. The responsibility for good health begins with the individual
3. Money is necessary but not sufficient for achieving good health of the population
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