Ecology & Environmental Problems Dr. Ron Chesser Spring 2004 Water Reading: Chapter 20.
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Transcript of Ecology & Environmental Problems Dr. Ron Chesser Spring 2004 Water Reading: Chapter 20.
![Page 1: Ecology & Environmental Problems Dr. Ron Chesser Spring 2004 Water Reading: Chapter 20.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013012/56649e9f5503460f94ba13a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecology & Environmental Problems
Dr. Ron ChesserSpring 2004
WaterReading: Chapter 20
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Where is the Water?
• Oceans: ~97%
• Ice Caps and glaciers: ~2%
• Ground Water: ~0.3%
• Lakes
• Atmosphere
• Rivers, Streams,
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How much water do we use?
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Water Usage in the USA
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USA water use…
• USA uses 338 Billion Gallons of Water per day (1.3 trillion liters)
• 1,400 gallons/person• USA uses almost 2x the average
European Country– 41% Agriculture– 38% power plants– 11% industry– 10% general public
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Gallons of Water to Produce…
• 1 egg: 40 gallons• 1 glass of milk: 100 gallons• 1 pound of flour: 75 gallons• 1 pound of rice: 560 gallons• 1 pound of beef: 800 gallons• 1 Sunday paper: 280 gallons• 1 pound of Aluminum: 1,000 gallons• 1 car: 100,000 gallons
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Water Use: Family of Four / day
• Toilet flushing: 100 gallons
• Shower/bath: 80 gallons
• Laundry: 35 gallons
• Dishwashing: 15 gallons
• Bathroom sink: 5 gallons
• Lawn: 100 gallons
• TOTAL: ~335 gallons/day
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Water Consumption
• Consumed Water --- withdrawn but not returned to its source
Lost to the local water cycle
About 25% of all water withdrawn in the USA is consumed.
Industry is the major withdrawer of water, but Agriculture is the major (80%) consumer of water in the USA
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Water Conservation
• Flush less: “If its yellow, let it mellow. If its brown, flush it down.”
• Low flush toilets
• Sprinkler regulations
• Make water expensive
• Build more dams
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Dams
• Inhibit flooding• Provide Irrigation• Provide recreation• Enable hydroelectric• Drinking water
• Disrupt sediment flow• Loss of land
resources• Increase salination• Alters water chemistry• Alters fish migration• Alters fish ecology
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IrrigationAlmost 60 percent of all the world's fresh water
withdrawals go towards irrigation uses.
Only 37% of water Used in irrigationIs taken up by the plant.
Since 1955 the amountOf irrigated land hasTripled.
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Water Levels in Texas
• Ground water use: – By 2020 volume will be reduced to 37% of
1979 supply level– By 2010 output will be reduced by 8.1%
from 1970’s
What to do?
1. Use it all now…
2. Try to conserve…
3. Return to dry land farming…
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Ogallalah and Floridan Aquifers
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Edwards Aquifer
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Ogallala Aquifer Facts
• Covers 11% of state of Texas• 3.3 Billion Acre feet• Would fill 100% of Lake Huron plums 20% of
Lake Ontario• Cover all 50 states with about 6” of water• Require about 6,000 years to refill• 170,000 wells (50,000 in NW Texas)• 90% Irrigation use (3 – 900 feet thick)• Plan (T. Boone Pickens) to sell groundwater
from Panhandle to San Antonio, Dallas and El Paso
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Surface and Ground Water
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Growing Use Patterns
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Ground Water Uses in the USA
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Where is water?
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Ground Water
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Industrial Water Use5 Companies use 90% of water
• Chemical Production
• Paper and Pulp Production
• Petroleum & Coal (Thermoelectric)
• Primary metals production
• Food Processing
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Thermoelectric Power
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Water for Thermoelectric Power
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Water for Thermoelectric Power
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Why the Decrease?
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Too Much WaterIn the United States, the average annual cost of flood damage is more than $2 billion. Each year about 100 people lose their lives to floods.