Ecology and Ecosystems Vocabulary
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Transcript of Ecology and Ecosystems Vocabulary
![Page 1: Ecology and Ecosystems Vocabulary](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061601/56813065550346895d963dd5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecology and Ecosystems Vocabulary
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Autotroph
• Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
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Producer
• Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
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Heterotroph
• Organism that relies on other organisms for their energy and food supply; also called a consumer
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Consumer
• Organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food; also called heterotroph
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Herbivore
• Heterotroph that obtains energy by only eating plants
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Carnivore
• Heterotroph that obtains energy by eating animals
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Omnivore
• Heterotroph that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals
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Decomposer
• Heterotroph that breaks down organic matter
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Food Chain
• A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
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Food Web
• Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together
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Trophic Level
• Each step in a food chain or food web; first level is producers, then consumers, which make up second, third, and higher levels
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Ecological Pyramid
• A diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or web; 3 types: energy, biomass, and pyramids of numbers
• The energy/biomass starts at 100% for the producers with only about 10 percent of that energy transfers to organisms at the next trophic level
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Biotic Factors
• Biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem
• Including birds, trees, mushrooms, and bacteria, etc.
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Abiotic Factors
• Physical, or nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems
• Temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, nutrient availability, soil type, sunlight, etc.
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Predation
• An interaction in which one organism (predator) captures and feeds on another organism (prey)
• Predator Prey
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Symbiosis
• Any relationship in which two species live closely together
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Mutualism
• Both species benefit from the relationship
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Commensalism
• One member of the relationship benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
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Parasitism
• One orgasm lives on or inside another organism and harms it
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Thermal Energy
• Heat; the total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; energy at its most random form; with each energy transfer from ATP, a bit of energy slipped off into the surroundings as thermal energy