Ecology
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Transcript of Ecology
ECOLOGYUnit Review
The science of the relationships between organisms and their environments.
ECOLOGY
ENVIRONMENT
BIOMES
ECOSYSTEM
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM/ GEOLOGICAL SYSTEM
BIOTIC/ABIOTIC
Biotic – means all the LIVING things in an ecosytem.
Abiotic –means all the NON-LIVING things in an ecosystem. The prefix A- in front of a word turns its meaning into the opposite.
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION This is how scientists classify
organisms
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION An example of biological classification
VERTEBRATE
An organism with a backbone
INVERTEBRATE An organism without a backbone
AUTOTROPHS (AKA PRODUCERS)
Autotrophs, also known as Producers, can make their own food from sunlight.
Producers are plants, algae, and some kinds of bacteria
IN ECOLOGY “MAKING YOUR OWN FOOD”
Means THIS ….
NOT this …
CONSUMER
SCAVENGERS ARE CONSUMERS
DECOMPOSERS
ENDOTHERMIC/ EXOTHERMIC
Exothermic reactions transfer energy to the surroundings
Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings
DIVERSITY AKA BIODIVERSITY
PREDATOR/PREY
SYMBIOSIS
From the Greek word meaning “living together” and can be used to describe any association between two organisms living in close association with each other.
COMMENSALISM
Individuals of one species benefit, while individuals of the other species do not benefit and are not harmed
MUTUALISM
an association in which both organisms benefit
PARASITISM
one organism [the parasite] benefits, and the other [the host] is adversely affected [weakened, sickened, damaged etc].
FOOD CHAIN/FOOD WEB
Remember the arrows show the direction of the transfer of energy
RESOURCES
Food … Water …. Air … Shelter
HABITAT the place or environment where a
plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows.
NICHE the status of an organism within its environment and community
(affecting its survival as a species). No two species can occupy the same niche at the same time for an extended period
LIMITING FACTORS
Not enough Food (prey) Water Shelter
Too many Predators
CARRYING CAPACITY
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT/RISK
Equilibrium = balance. Human interference often knocks ecosystems in the environment out of balance.
We must balance the benefits and risks of any action we take … otherwise known as trade-offs
WAYS IN WHICH HUMANS CAUSE IMBALANCE
Introduced species Using non-renewable fuel sources
(fossil fuels) Damaging/destroying habitat Polluting the environment with
trash, chemicals, and gas emissions
Overhunting Overgrazing
INTRODUCED SPECIES
Synonyms: non-indigenous, exotic, non-native, invasive
Buffelgrass
Starling Hydrilla
Purple loosestrife
Zebra mussels
FOSSIL FUELS
• Fossil fuels come from ancient deposits of fossilized plants• NON-renewable, when they are gone … they gone forever• Polluting … burning fossil fuels pollutes the environment and damages ecosystems
• Oil (gasoline)• Coal• Natural Gas
HABITAT DESTRUCTION
HABITAT RESTORATION
If we use our scientific knowledge … we can fix some of the damage we have done …
POLLUTION
GREENHOUSE GAS
Any gas that increases the ability of our atmosphere to retain the heat of the sun
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
OVERHUNTING & OVERGRAZING
THIS IS WHY ECOLOGY IS IMPORTANT …