I. Earth’s Resources – resources that the Earth provides for us.A. Natural Resources – natural material that are used by humans.

1. Examples – water, petroleum, minerals, forest, and animals

2. Most resources are changed and made into products that make people’s lives more comfortable and convenient

3. Energy we get from many of these resources, such as gasoline and wind, ultimately comes from the sun’s energy.

II. Renewable ResourcesA. A renewable resource is a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is used.

1. Examples: Trees and water

III. Nonrenewable ResourcesA. A nonrenewable resource is a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed.

1. Examples: Coal, Petroleum, and natural gas

VI. Conserving Natural ResourcesA. Energy Conservation – most of the natural resources that provide us energy are nonrenewable resources

1. To conserve natural resources, you should try to use them only when necessary.

a. Turn the faucet on only to rinse you toothbrush b. Turn lights off when you are not using themc. Make sure washing machines

are full before you start themd. Ride a bike, walk, or take a bus

B. Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle1. Recycling – is the process of reusing

materials from waste or scrap. (Examples: Newspaper, Aluminum cans, plastic, and cardboard)

2. Though energy is required to recycle materials, it takes less energy to recycle than it does to make new ones.

C. Conserving resources also means taking care of the resources even when you are not using them

1. Keep lakes, rivers, and other water resources free of pollution

I. Energy ResourcesA. Energy resources are natural resources that humans use to generate energy.B. Most of the energy we use comes from a group of natural resources called fossil fuels

1. A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long age.

2. Examples: petroleum, coal, and natural gasC. Energy is released from fossil fuels when they are burned.

II. Types of Fossil FuelsA. Liquid Fossil Fuels: Petroleum

1. A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds is called petroleum (known as crude oil)

2. Examples: gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oil.

3. More than 40% of the worlds energy comes from petroleumB. Gaseous Fossil Fuel: Natural Gas

1. A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons is called natural gas.

2. Most natural gas is used for heating, but it is also used to generate electrical energy.

3. An advantage of using natural gas is that using it causes less air pollution than other fossil fuels, however natural gas is very flammable.

C. Solid Fossil Fuels: Coal1. The solid fossil fuel that

humans use most is coal2. Coal is a fossil fuel that is

formed underground from partially decomposed plant material.

3. Burning coal produces large amounts of air pollution.

4. People have reduced their use of coal, however many power plants still burn coal to generate electrical energy.

III. How do Fossil Fuels Form?A. Petroleum and natural gas form mainly form the remains of microscopic sea organismB. Coal forms underground over millions of years when pressure and heat cause changes in the remains of swamp plants.

VI. Where are Fossil Fuels Found?A. Fossil fuels are found in many parts of the world.B. Some fossil fuels are found on land, while other fossil fuels are found beneath the ocean.

V. How Do We Obtain Fossil Fuels?A. The kind and location of fuel determines the method used to remove the fuel. B. People remove petroleum and natural gas from Earth by drilling wells into rock that contains these resources.C. People obtain coal either by mining deep beneath Earth’s surface or by surface mining.

VI. Problems with Fossil FuelsA. Although fossil fuels provide the energy we need, the methods of obtaining and using them can have negative effects on the environmentB. Acid Rain- is rain, sleet, or snow that has a high concentration of acids, often because of air pollutants. Acid precipitation negatively affects wildlife, plants, buildings, and statues.C. Coal Mining –

1.surface mining removes soil, which some plants need for growth and some animals need for shelter.

2. can also lower water tables and pollute water supplies

3. underground mines have the potential to collapse endangering the lives of miners.

D. Petroleum Problems – Producing, transporting, and using petroleum can cause environmental problems and endanger wildlifeE. Smog – is photochemical haze that forms when sunlight acts on industrial pollutants and burning fuels.

I. Type of Alternative ResourceA. Describe and Explain

B. Advantages

C. Disadvantages