Ecologically-Based Participatory IPM for Southeast Asia

Philippine Site(PhilRice)

HRapusas, GS Arida, SSantiago, BPunzal and J Ramos

Title of Study: Management of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura with Sex pheromone and NPV

Objective of the StudyTo develop a management strategy for Spodoptera litura in onion with sex pheromones for effective timing of interventions using NPV.

Materials and MethodTwo farmers’ fields in Sto. Domingo and Guimba, Nueva Ecija. In each field, two water-oil sex pheromone baited traps were installed2 weeks after transplanting. Trap catches were recorded 3 times a week and traps were cleaned whenever necessary. The synthetic pheromones were replaced after 30 days.Number of larvae and percentage damage leaves were monitored every week on 20 randomly selected plants per plot. Yield was recorded in 1sq.m. per plot.

Treatments:T1- Farmers practiceT2- Spray NPV at 5 and 7 days after peak in trap catchesT3- Spray NPV at 7 and 9 days after peak in trap catchesT4- Spray NPV every week from 14 days after transplantingEach plot measures 4x5m, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design.

23 26 28 30 33 35 37 40 42 44 47 49 51 54 56 58 61 63 65 68 70 720

20

40

60

80

100

Crop Age (DAT)

Num

ber o

f Mal

e Mo

th C

atch

es

Catches of male S. litura moths recorded in sex pheromone baited traps. Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

16 21 26 30 35 40 44 49 54 58 63 68 72 77 820

50

100

150

200

250

300

Crop Age (DAT)

Num

ber o

f Mal

e Mo

th C

atch

es

Catches of male S. litura moths recorded in sex pheromone baited traps. Guimba, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

28 35 42 49 56 63 700.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0T1 T2 T3 T4

Crop Age (DAT)

Dam

age

leave

s (%

)

Percentage of damage leaves due to S. litura recorded at diferent crop ages. Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

21 28 35 42 49 56 63 680

1

2

3

4

5

6

7T1 T2 T3 T4

Crop Age (DAT)

Dam

age

leave

s (%

)

Percentage of damage leaves due to S. litura recorded at diferent crop ages. Guimba, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

T1 T2 T3 T40.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0

Treatment

Yie

ld (k

g/sq

.m)

Yield of onion recorded from different treatments. Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

T1 T2 T3 T40.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Treatment

Yie

ld (k

g/sq

.m)

Yield of onion recorded from different treatments. Guimba, Nueva Ecija. 2012 Onion season.

Title of study: Effect of rice straw mulch on the population of weeds and natural enemies of insect pests of onion

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of rice straw mulch on weed and population of beneficial organisms in onion.

20 22 26 29 32 34 36 40 48 53 57 69 71 74 76 810

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18Rice straw mulchNo rice straw mulch

Crop age (DAT)

Pest

s (no

.)

20 22 26 29 32 34 36 40 48 53 57 69 71 74 76 810

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 Rice straw mulchNo rice straw mulch

Crop age (DAT)

Nat

ural

ene

mie

s (n

o.)

20 22 26 29 32 34 36 40 48 53 57 69 71 74 76 810

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

(Collembolan and Dipterans)

Rice straw mulch No rice straw mulch

Crop stage (DAT)

Arth

ropo

ds (N

o.)

Title of the Study: Effect of Pre- harvest Application of VAM and Trichodermasp. (CRSP isolate) on the Shelf Life of Onion

Objective

To evaluate the effect of using VAM and Trichoderma sp. (CRSP isolate) on the shelf life of bulb onion.

Research MethodsSite of the study: Guimba, NuevaEcija. Onion variety used was Red Pinoy.

Treatments : T1-VAM + Trichodermasp. at transplanting T2-farmers’ practice ( No VAM, No Trichoderma sp)

All treatments were treated with the same practices for insect pests and weed management. Disease incidence, disease severity and yield were collected. After harvesting leaves were trimmed at 2 inches above the bulb. Onion bulbs were allowed to cure for a month in a ventilated area. After curing, bulbs were placed in mesh bags with a capacity of 5kg/bag and were stored at room temperature (270 C). Weight loss and occurrence of bulb rot disease were observed and recorded bi-weekly for four months.

30 50 60 65 75012345678

VAM + Trichoderma Farmers' Practice

Inci

denc

e (%

)

Crop Age (DAT)

30 50 60 65 75012345678

VAM + Trichoderma Farmers' PracticeD

isea

se se

verit

y (%

)

Crop Age (DAT)

VAM + Trichoderma Farmers' Practice10

15

20

25

30

35

40Y

ield

(t/ h

a)

VAM + Trichoderma Farmers' Practice0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40Weight loss Bulb rot

Perc

ent (

%)

Development of Alternative Storage Techniques to Prolong Storage Shelf Life of Onion

Objective

To develop storage techniques to reduce postharvest losses due to diseases and prolong bulb storage.

Research Methods

Site: Bunol, Guimba, Nueva Ecija. Red Pinoy onion variety was used in this study. Samples were harvested from the plots treated with VAM + Trichoderma sp. before transplanting (IPM plot) and from the farmers’ practice plots. After harvesting at 90 DAT, the leaves were trimmed to 2 inches above the bulbs and allowed to cure for 2 weeks in a ventilated area. After curing and treatment application, onion bulbs were placed in mesh bags with a capacity of 5kg/bag and were stored at room temperature (27OC ).

Treatments: T1 - Onion dusted with Trichoderma sp. + Carbaryl T2 - Onion dusted with Mancozeb + Carbaryl T3 - Onion dusted withCarbaryl alone

Percentage of weight loss and bulb rots was taken and recorded bi-weekly for four months.

Trichoderma sp + Carbaryl

Mancozeb + Carbaryl Carbaryl alone0

10

20

30

40

50

60Weight loss Bulb rot

Perc

ent (

%)

Treatment

IPM Plot

Trichoderma sp + Carbaryl

Mancozeb + Carbaryl Carbaryl alone0

10

20

30

40

50

60Weight loss Bulb rot

Perc

ent

(%)

Treatment

Farmers’ practice

Work Plan- Year 4

Objective 1: To develop IPM knowledge with smallholder farmers producing vegetables and selected high value crops.

Activity 1. Promotion of IPM technologies for the management of insect pests in rice-based vegetables.

Crops: onion, garlic, eggplant, tomato, pepper, okra, bitter gourd, melon

Sites: Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Ilocus Sur, I. Norte (Luzon), South Cotabato, Davao (Mindanao)

Technologies1. Yellow sticky board traps for leaf miner2. Blue sticky traps for thrips3. NPV for cutworm and armyworm4. Paecilomyces spp. for whiteflies5. Metarhizium and Beauveria species for whiteflies and other

pests6. Weekly removal of damaged fruits and shoots for eggplant

fruit shoot and fruit borer7. Field sanitation

Activity 2. Promotion and utilization of IPM technologies for soil-borne diseases

Crops: onion, garlic, eggplant, tomato, pepper, okra, bitter gourd, melonSites: Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Ilocos Sur, I. Norte (Luzon), South Cotabato, Davao (Mindanao)

Technologies1. Vesicular arbuscular mychorrhiza (VAM) at seed sowing and

transplanting2. Trichoderma sp. (IPM CRSP isolate)3. Bacillus spp. and other indigenous soil microorganisms4. Field sanitation

Activity 3. Rice straw and stale seedbed techniques to reduce weeds and provide refuge for predatorsCrop: OnionSites: Guimba, Nueva EcijaTechnology: Mulching with rice straw

Activity 4. Sex pheromones and NPV for the management of cutworm, Spodptera litura in onion.Crop: OnionSites: Guimba and Talavera, Nueva EcijaTechnologies: Sex pheromone and NPV

Objective 2. To improve the IPM communication and education leading to widespread adaptation, and impact approaches in Southeast Asia and Objective 3. To enhance the capability of smallholder farmers to produce and market high quality products for local, national and international markets.

Activity 1. Dissemination of Pest Management Technologies in Rice-vegetable Cropping system

1. Development of information and extension materials2. Short trainings, technical briefings, establishment of demo plots3. Season-long farmers field schools (FFS)4. Farmer educational tours5. Farmers field days

Activity 2. Village level production, integration, and utilization and adoption of technologies involving microbial agents such as VAM, NPV. Trichoderma sp. and fungal pathogens for whiteflies and thrips in rice-vegetable cropping system

1. Survey, isolation and culture of fungal pathogens of whiteflies and thrips

2. Village level farmers training on mass production of microbial materials

3. Village level production of BCAs4. Campaign for utilization and implementation5. Production and distribution of campaign/extension

materials for biological control agents

Activity 3. Development of a Vegetable Disease Diagnostic Kit (VDDK) for farmers

1. VDDK is in its final draft2. Pre-testing of the kit- evaluation of farmers and extension

workers3. Modification of the kit based on the evaluation of users4. Mass production of the diagnostic kit

Thank You