ecological problem and its control
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Model Based on : T4/_______ ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND ITS CONTROL VISHAL KUMAR MAHATO CLASS – XI ‘B’ ROLL NO. – 34 Adm. No. - 405 ABHISHEK KR. TIWARI CLASS – XI ‘B’ ROLL NO. - 33 Adm. No.-
description
ecological problems
Transcript of ecological problem and its control
Model Based on : T4/_______
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND ITS CONTROLVISHAL KUMAR MAHATOCLASS – XI ‘B’ ROLL NO. – 34 Adm. No. - 405ABHISHEK KR. TIWARICLASS – XI ‘B’ ROLL NO. - 33 Adm. No.- GUIDED BY- S. K. GUPTA (Bio. Teacher of SVM Bhuli)
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About my Model – T4(Ecological Problems and its Controls)
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Our environment is constantly changing. There is no denying that. However, as our environment changes, so does the need to become increasingly aware of the problems that surround it. With a massive influx of natural disasters, warming and cooling periods, different types of weather patterns and much more, people need to be aware of what types of environmental problems our planet is facing.
Our EcologyThe branch of biology that deals with the inter-relationship amongst organisms and interaction between organisms and their environment.
Ecological problems of the World
Fig.3 (T4)
1) Air Pollution 2) Water pollution 3) Soil pollution 4) Noise pollution 5) Thermal pollution 6) Radioactive
pollution
7) Over Population 8) Traffic control 9) Global Warming 10) Increasing sea level 11) Melting ice cups 12) Decreasing Forest
area etc.
Gaseous/Air PollutionThe World Health Organization defines air pollution as “The Presence of materials in the air in such concentration which are harmful to us and our environment” In fact air pollution is the occurrence or addition of foreign particles, gases and other pollutants into the air which have an adverse effect on human being, animals, vegetation, buildings, etc.
Fig. 4 (T4) Air PollutionCauses of Air Pollution:
1. Combustion of natural gas, petroleum, coal and wood in industries, automobiles, aircraft, railways, thermal plants, agricultural burning, kitchen, etc.
2. Metallurgical processing (mineral dust, fumes containing fluorides, Sulphides and metallic pollutants like lead, chromium, nickel, beryllium, arsenic, vanadium, cadmium, zinc, mercury).
3. Chemical industries including pesticides, Fertilizers, weedicides, fungicides.
4. Cosmetics. 5. Processing industries cotton textiles, wheat flour mills, asbestos. 6. Welding, stone crushing, gem grinding.
Table : 1 (T4) : Important Air Pollution Sources and Emissions
Category Examples Important pollution Chemical plant
Petroleum refineries, fertilizers, cement,
Hydrogen sulphide, sulphur oxide, fluorides,
paper mills, ceramic, clay products and manufacture
organic vapours and dusts.
Crop spraying Pest and weed control. Organophosphate, chlorinated, arsenic, hydrocarbons, lead.
Fuel burning Domestic burning, thermal power plants.
Sulphur and nitrogen oxides.
Metallurgical plants
Aluminum refineries, steel plants.
Metal fumes (lead and zinc) fluorides and particulates.
Nuclear device testing
Bomb explosions Radioactive fallout, Sr-90, Cs-137, C-14, etc.
Ore preparation
Crushing, grinding, and screening
Uranium and Beryllium dust, other particulates, Argon-41, iodine-131.
Spray painting, solvent extractions, inks, solvent cleaning
Furniture and appliances, dyeing, printing and chemical separations, dry cleaning.
Hydrocarbons and other organic vapours.
Transportation
Cars, trucks, airplanes and railways
Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead, smoke, organic vapours, etc.
Waste recovery
Scrap metal yards, rendering plants
Smoke, soot, odours, organic vapours, metal fumes.
# Primary air pollutants and their effect:-The major primary air pollutants are particulate matter, carbon monoxide, CO2, H2S, hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.
1. Fluorides: They are given out during refining of minerals (e.g., aluminum, also from ground water). Fluorides cause fluorosis.
In plants there is chlorosis and necrosis and necrosis of leaf tips and leaf margins, followed by abscission. In animals, fluorides bring about abnormal calcification of bones and teeth (making them weak), frequent diarrhea and swelling of knee bones. In humans there is mottling of teeth, weak bones, boat-shaped posture, knocking knees. Gas-trointestinal and neuromuscular disorders.
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