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ECOLOGICAL DISEASES

ECOLOGICAL DISEASES

The interaction of the behavior and ecology of hosts with the biology of pathogens, as it rel

ates to the impact of diseases on populations.

Human health is enclosed by the triangle of population (gender, age and genetics), habitat

(natural, social and built) and behavior (belief, social organization, and technology)

Emergent Ecological Diseases

relatively recent phenomena involving extensive damage being caused to natural communities

and ecosystems.

Organic and non-organic stimuli assaults and rallies the human body and cause the diseases to

spread throughout the body.

Examples of Organic and Non-Organic Stimuli

bacteria,

viruses,

protozoa,

parasites,

electromagnetic

radiation,

violence

Examples Of Emergent Ecological Diseases are the following:

Malaria

Schistosomiasis (billharzia)

Japanese encephalitis (brain fever)

Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)

River blindness (onchocerciasis)

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Malaria

infective larvae of the Plasmodium parasite are injected into the bloodstream when an infected

anopheline mosquito takes a bloodmeal. Note: only female mosquitoes take blood meals.

Malaria causes symptoms such as the following:

Fever

Fatigue

Vomiting

Headaches

In severe cases, it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, and death.

Schistosomiasis (pili ka nalang kung anong pwedeng ilagay haha)

A debilitating disease that is caused by parasitic worms of Schistosoma type.

may infect the urinary tract and the intestines

Human behavior is other key determining factor.

Global, but to the largest extent in Africa; an estimated 200 million people are infected.

Symptoms may include:

abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine.

In those who have been infected a long time, liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder

cancer may occur.

In children, it may cause poor growth and learning difficulty

Japanese Encephalitis (Brain Fever)

is a disease caused by the mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus came from the family

Flaviviridae. (family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks

and mosquitoes))

Fever, headache and malaise are other non-specific symptoms of this disease which may last for a

period of between 1 and 6 days.

Mental retardation developed from this disease usually leads to coma.]

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Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)

caused by one of two species of parasitic worms: Wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by either

culicine or anopheline mosquitoes and Brugia malayi, transmitted by mosquitoes of the

genus Mansonia

its visible manifestations occur later in life, causing temporary or permanent disability. In

endemic countries, lymphatic filariasis has a major social and economic impact.

River Blindness (Onchoseriasis)

this infection with a filarial worm leads, in the long-term, to blindness

The parasite worm is spread by the bites of ablack flyof theSimuliumtype.

Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin

Blindness is the main damage of this disease

It is the second most common cause of blindness due to infection, after trachoma.

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