ECOHOUSES - 21st Century Ideal Buildings – Minimal Imported Energy Safe in Extreme Climates – Low running Costs

Susan Roaf , Professor of Architectural Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, s.roaf@hw.ac.uk

20th Century Buildings – Poor Climatic Design Unsustainable - Dependent on Machines + Cheap Energy

throwing energy away

ADAPTIVE ECO buildings: The buildings as a climatic modifier

Source: Jake Hacker

• Building Form, space planning and orientation

• Sensible windows * +

• Summer shading – and adaptive envelopes

• Natural Ventilation

• Thermal mass: attenuation + storage

• Suitable use of materials +

• Good Insulation* +

• Air Tightness* + • Efficient equipment* +

• Renewable energy +

• MHVR * +

• Occupant (rather than mechanical) Management of the systems

* Key Features of the Passive Haus Building Standards (www.passivhaus.org.uk) + Key Features of the Active House Building Standards (activehouse.info/)

1929 – Electricity generation per capita Norway = 3243Kh/W/person/a USA = 923kWh/person/annum

Optimal Energy + Technology choices are Supply sensitive

Norway – the Hydro-electric Nation

Gas Wood Electricity

Canada: Different regions prefer different energy sources

1 size really does not fit all

21st Century Paradigm

Good Buildings

COMFORT

Design for Occupants

Design with Climate

7

Riccarton Ecovillage

A WORLD LEADING STANDARD TEST

FACILITY FOR LOW CARBON RESEARCH

• Government Policy to deliver new Affordable housing that meets 2016 Zero Carbon Emission Targets

• HWU will deliver first class science in support of this policy •By investigating the system performance of construction, technology and human behaviour •Significant Knowledge Transfer opportunities for construction industry benefit There is a significant need for additional student accommodation on campus 8

Introduction:

Living Laboratory 10 no. 2013 and 2016 Homes Thermal Mass and Wall Construction performance Lightweight 2016 Housing Hub 40no. 2016 Code 6 Timber Frame Homes Natural Ventilation v Mechanical ventilation Heat Recovery Heavyweight 2016 Housing Hub 40no. 2016 Code 6 Heavyweight Homes Adaptive Thermal mass and Energy Use Ecovillage becomes Domestic Soft Landings Case Study

9

Research Agenda

10 62 Three Bed Dwellings

Stage C Site Plan

90 Residences

Living Lab

Lightweight 2016 Housing Hub

Heavyweight 2016 Housing Hub

11

Typical Plan- 2 Bed

Residence Type, 2 bed, lifetime home, 88m2 GIA

12

Construction Types

House Type

Code Level Construction Thermal Mass Heating System

A1 2013 (Code 4) Block Cavity Wall Heavy Heat Pump+

A2 2013 (Code 4) Block Cavity Wall Heavy Gas Boiler

B1 2013 (Code 4)

Block with External Insulation

Medium Heat Pump+

B2 2013 (Code 4)

Block with External Insulation

Medium Gas Boiler

C1 2013 (Code 4) Timber Frame Light Heat Pump +

C2 2013 (Code 4) Timber Frame Light Gas Boiler

D1 2016 (Code 6) Passivhaus SIPS Light Heat Recovery

D2 2013 (Code 4) Passivhaus SIPS Light Gas Boiler

E1 Pre 1918 Brick and Stone Heavy Gas

E2 2016 (Code 6) Brick and Stone Heavy Heat Pump +

13

Performance Specification Parameter REALL 2013 Specification HUB 2016 Specification Scottish Building Standards: Dwelling

Emission Rating

2013- DER 25% reduction from 2010

TER

2016- DER 100% reduction from 2010

TER

Scottish Building Standards: Robust

Detailing Standard

Gold Gold

Scottish Building Standards:

Sustainability Rating

Gold Platinum

Code for Sustainable Homes: Rating Code 4 Code 6

Wall U-value 0.15 0.1

Roof U-value 0.15 0.05

Floor U-Value 0.15 0.1

Windows U-Value 1.4 0.8

Doors U-Value 1.4 0.8

Average U-value

Thermal Bridging 0.15 0.07

Fresh Air Supply (l/s/person) 8 8

Air Permeability (m3/m2/h)* 4 2

Daylighting Distribution

Potable Water Use per person

England and Wales Part F Indoor Air

Mould growth

Nitrogen dioxide

Carbon monoxide

VOCs

No visible mould on external walls in a

properly heated building

As 2013

14

Typical Section-Elevation

15

Elevation Types

Brick and Block External Render Traditional Stone

Timber Frame Timber SIPS Panel Brick and Block

16

Riccarton Eco-village

17

Riccarton Eco-village

18

Riccarton Eco-village

19

Stage C Landscape Plan

20

Stage C Landscape Plan

21

Stage C Landscape Plan

22

Research

BUILT

VIRTUAL

EXPERIMENTS – PEOPLE in BUILDINGS

BONKERS REALL SCIENCE – VIRTUAL / VALIDATED / COMPLEX

23

Research Aims

•A Standard Test Facility for Low Carbon Buildings / Materials

•Living Laboratory Investigating Behaviours

•Test facility for Technologies in real world conditions

•Knowledge Transfer Hub - potential huge - on site conference / accommodation

facilities will support education opportunities supplementing the project websites and

publications

•Model Validation

•Evidence-based policy laboratory – Linking Policy and Science

•‘Open Science’ a REALL + Virtual experiment. Generating Consensual Science

Solutions

• Micro-grid and Energy Management controls and behaviours – Role of Control –

unique test facility for whole system optimisation

Activity Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13 Aug-13 Sep-13 Sep-14

1 Finalise Employers Requirements

2 Finalise Research Brief

3 Developer Competition

4 Court Endorsement

5 Detailed Design Proposals HWU

6 Appoint Development Partner

7 Submit for Statutory Approvals HWU

8 Production Information

9 Mobilsation

10 Phase 1 Construction: September 2013

11 Phase 2 Completion: September 2014

24

Programme

25

Visitor Centre

Showcase for Research Venue for Seminars Virtual Simulation Venue Resource for Researchers Place for Students Possible Zero Carbon Micro-brewery?

26

Visitor Centre: Option A

27

Visitor Centre: Option B

28

Riccarton Ecovillage