ECOGOV: 1.1 GOVERNMENT AND THE STATE
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Transcript of ECOGOV: 1.1 GOVERNMENT AND THE STATE
START PREP
1.1 GOVERNMENT AND THE STATE
TEXTBOOK PAGE 4
THEN START READING SECTION
NOTES BEGIN AT 10.55
AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD28 AUGUST 2013
1.1 GOVERNMENT AND THE STATE
AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD`S NOTES28 AUGUST 2013
WHY IT MATTERS
GOVERNMENT IS ESSENTIAL TO THE EXISTANCE OF HUMAN BEINGS
IN A CIVILIZED SOCIETY.
WHAT ANY PARTICULAR GOVERNMENT IS LIKE AND WHAT THAT GOVERNMENT DOES
HAVE AN EXTRAORDINARY IMPACT ON THE LIVES OF ALL PEOPLE WHO
LIVE WITHIN ITS REACH.
INTRODUCTION
G O V E R N M E N T AFFECTS
YOU!
IN AN UNCOUNTABLE NUMBER OF
VERY IMPORTANT WAYS
WHAT WOULD YOUR LIFE BE LIKE WITHOUT
GOVERNMENT?
WHO WOULD PROTECT US?
IF GOVERNMENT DID NOT
EXIST…
…WE WOULD HAVE TO INVENT IT
OBJECTIVE 1DEFINE GOVERNMENT
AND THE BASIC POWERS EVERY
GOVERNMENT HOLDS
GOVERNMENT: INSTITUTION THROUGH WHICH A SOCIETY MAKES + ENFORCES ITS
PUBLIC POLICIES
GOVERNMENT IS MADE UP OF THOSE PEOPLE WHO EXERCISE
POWERS
ALL THOSE WHO HAVE AUTHORITY
+ CONTROL OVER PEOPLE
PUBLIC POLICIES: ARE ALL OF THOSE THINGS A GOVERNMENT
DECIDES TO DO
TAXATION, DEFENSE, EDUCATION, CRIME, HEALTH,
TRANSPORTATION, ENVIRONMENT, CIVIL RIGHT, WORKING CONDITIONS…
THE LIST OF PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES IS NEARLY ENDLESS
GOVERNMENTS MUST HAVE POWER TO MAKE + CARRY OUT PUBLIC
POLICIES
EVERY GOVERNMENT HAS THREE BASIC KINDS OF
POWER
1 – LEGISLATIVE POWER
POWER TO MAKE LAW AND TO FRAME PUBLIC POLICIES
2 – EXECUTIVE POWER
THE POWER TO EXECUTE, ENFORCE, + ADMINISTER LAW
3 – JUDICIAL POWER
THE POWER TO INTERPRET LAWS,
DETERMINE THEIR MEANING, SETTLE DISPUTES
POWERS OFTEN OUTLINED IN A COUNTRY`S CONSTITUTION
CONSTITUTION IS THE BODY OF FUNDAMENTAL LAW SETTING
OUT…
…PRINCIPLES, STRUCTURES, AND PROCESSES OF A
GOVERNMENT
ULTIMATE RESPONSIBILITY OF POWERS CAN BE HELD
BY…
(A) SINGLE PERSON
OR A SMALL GROUP
RULER IS NOT RESPONSIBLE TO THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE
THIS IS CALLED
A D I C T A T O R S H I P
OR (B) HELD BY THE PEOPLE
SUPREME AUTHORITY RESTS WITH THE
PEOPLE
THIS IS CALLED
A D E M O C R A C Y
GOVERNMENT + POLITICS
ARE VERY DIFFERENT THINGS
GOVERNMENT IS AN INSTITUTION
POLITICS IS A PROCESS
OBJECTIVE 2DESCRIBE THE FOUR
DEFINING CHARACTERS OF THE
STATE
THE STATE CAN BE DEFINED BY FOUR CHARACTERISTICS
1 - POPULATION
THE STATE MUST HAVE PEOPLE
BUT SIZE IS NOT IMPORTANT
VATICAN CITY1000
CHINA1.3 BILLION
2 - TERRITORY
MUST HAVE LAND WITH RECOGNISED
BOUNDARIES
3 - SOVEREIGNTY
SUPREME + ABSOLUTE POWER TO DECIDE OWN FOREIGN + DOMESTIC
POLICIES
4 - GOVERNMENT
MUST BE
POLITICALLY O R G A N I Z E D
OBJECTIVE 3IDENTIFY FOUR THEORIES THAT
ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE ORIGINS OF THE
STATE
MANY HAVE PONDERED ORIGIN
OF STATE
THERE ARE FOUR WIDELY ACCEPTED
THEORIES
1 – THE FORCE THEORY
POWER TAKEN BY FORCE
2 – THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
DEVELOPED NATURALLY FROM FAMILY
3 – DIVINE RIGHT THEORY
GOD CREATED STATE + CHOSE RULERS
4 – THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
A VOLUNTARY ACT OF FREE PEOPLE
OBJECTIVE 4UNDERSTAND THE
PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AND THEIR COUNTRIES
WHAT DOES
GOVERNMENT DO?
IN THE USA THE CONSTITUTION
READS…
FORM A MORE
PERFECT UNION
ESTABLISH JUSTICE
INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY
PROVIDE FOR COMMON
DEFENSE
PROMOTE GENERAL WELFARE
SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF
LIBERTY